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• Effects of Partial and Total Sleep Deprivation on Driving Performance.
• Balwinski Background The National Sleep Foundation estimates that more than two-thirds of American adults have a sleep-related problem and that 23 percent have actually fallen asleep while driving. ... To compound the basic problem of sleep deprivation, 86 percent of the participants in the survey failed a basic "sleep IQ test" that asked questions such as "Does boredom make you sleepy?" and "Does the human body adjust to night-shift work?" Many sleep-deprived people erroneously believe that they can function well with only a few hours of sleep per night over a lengthy period. But sleep deprivation, even partial sleep deprivation, has significant negative effects on mental and physical performance, including driving. ... To address this issue, the research community must determine which driving performance measures are sensitive to identifying sleep deprivation in vehicle operations. ...
• Level of Deprivation.
• 4 hours sleep.
• No sleep for one day.
• No sleep for two days.
• A study to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on driving performance was conducted jointly by FHWA's Human Factors Laboratory and the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR). The study examined the effects of progressive sleep deprivation on driving performance to assess the rate of crashes and the changes in driving performance resulting from sleepiness. ... A variety of measures, including continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring, videotaping, and analyses of driving performance data and questionnaire data were used to determine the effects of sleep deprivation on driving performance. ...
• In addition, all subjects maintained a prescribed sleep schedule that required at least eight hours of sleep per night for the seven days prior to the start of the study. Adherence to the sleep requirement was verified by a wrist-worn movement/activity monitor. ...
• Polysomnographic monitoring electrodes, which indicate when a subject exhibits microsleep (1- to 15-second episodes of Stage 1, or first-level sleep), were applied to all the subjects at the beginning of the study and remained on continuously for the entire study period. ...
• As seen in figure 1, crash rates showed a small increase after a moderate reduction in the previous night's sleep, four hours versus eight hours, and a marked increase with progressive sleep deprivation. While the increase in crash rate after partial sleep deprivation did not reach statistical significance, it should be noted that a relatively small sample of young, healthy subjects was used and that the effects of continuous driving for long periods of time were not assessed. Although crashes were the most dramatic variable, other measures of driving performance were affected by sleep deprivation. Lateral placement variance (the square of the standard deviation of lateral placement averaged over 100-meter segments) increased with progressive sleep deprivation, as shown in figure 2. Lane excursions (drivers exceeding their lane boundaries when not making a lane change) also increased with progressive sleep deprivation, as shown in figure 3. Speed increased with progressive sleep deprivation in the slower (35 mi/h) zones but not the faster (55 mi/h) zones, as seen in figure 4. ...

•   Home > Natural Science > Sleep Deprivation Short.
• Sleep Deprivation within Five Hours of Learning Impairs Memory Consolidation in Mice.
• Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania have found new support for the age-old advice to "sleep on it. " Mice allowed to sleep after being trained remembered what they had learned far better than those deprived of sleep for several hours afterward. The researchers also determined that the five hours following learning are crucial for memory consolidation; mice deprived of sleep five to 10 hours after learning a task showed no memory impairment. ... "We set out to pinpoint the specific window of time and area of the brain that are sensitive to sleep deprivation after learning. " Abel and his colleagues found that sleep deprivation zero to five hours after learning appeared to impair spatial orientation and recognition of physical surroundings, known as contextual memory. ... Because the brain's hippocampus is key to contextual memory but not cued memory, the findings provide new evidence that sleep helps regulate neuronal function in the hippocampus. ... Even when deprived of sleep, mice exposed to the audible tone remained fearful the following day. But mice that had learned to associate a general physical environment with administration of an electric shock were less likely to do so after sleep deprivation. Sleep-deprived mice spent just 4 percent of their time frozen when returned to this environment the following day, compared to 15 percent among mice whose sleep was not disrupted in the five hours immediately after shock administration. "It has been suggested that sleep serves a variety of physiological functions, ranging from energy conservation to refreshing the immune system," Abel said. "Another important hypothesis is that sleep regulates neuronal function during memory consolidation.

• Effects of 48 Hours Sleep Deprivation on Human Immune Profile.
• 1Department of Physiology and 2 Sleep Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul 34303, Turkey.
• It is a common belief that sleep deprivation increases the susceptibility to diseases. In order to evaluate the effects of sleep deprivation on immune profile in humans, peripheral venous blood was obtained from sixteen healthy young male volunteers. Ten of the volunteers underwent 48 hours of sleep deprivation and the other six maintained their regular sleep schedule and acted as controls. ... After this sampling, ten subjects were sleep deprived for 48 hours in sedentary conditions. ... The subjects were recorded again to verify rebound effects of sleep deprivation after the third blood sampling. In this second polysomnographic recording, all sleep-deprived subjects showed slow wave and REM sleep rebound. ... Our results showed that the proportion of NK cells were decreased during sleep deprivation and returned to normal values after recovery sleep. In the control group, we did not observe any changes in the same direction as the sleep-deprived group.
• Current Claim: Sleep deprivation causes decrease in natural killer cell proportions and may increase susceptibility to illness. ...
• The number of people exposed to sleep deprivation is increasing in modern society. It has been believed that sleep is essential to recovery from illness and; conversely, lack of sleep impairs host defense and increases susceptibility to infections. In the last two decades, many researchers interested in the relationship between sleep deprivation and immunity along with an increasing body of literature has suggested that sleep is important for the proper functioning of host defense systems. However, available data is far from elucidating the way in which sleep affects the immune system.
• In animals, sustained sleep loss lasting about sixteen days has a lethal outcome due to systemic infection and afebrile septicemia with opportunistic microorganisms (Everson, 1993, 1995). In a following study, the breakdown of gut wall by the bacterial invasion has been reported as a failed defense in the late phases of total sleep deprivation (Bergmann et al. ... Isolated REM sleep deprivation in rats resulted in a reduced primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes and decreased antigen uptake in the spleen and liver (Moldofsky, 1994). ... (1989), found that spleen cell numbers, spleen cell mitogen responses and in vitro and in vivo splenic antibody-secreting cell responses appeared to be unaffected in rats by sleep deprivation.

•   Sleep in Beauty.
• Sleep deprivation is a serious health problem .
• Sleep deprivation is a big problem for Americans. We're certainly not at the point where the sleep-deprived can say "move over" to victims of truly serious human ailments _cancer, heart disease and the like. However, if you keep your eyes open long enough to peruse data offered by the National Sleep Foundation (I didn't even know there was such an organization until I stumbled across its Web site) you may agree we're getting closer. ...
•      According to the Foundation, at least 40 million Americans suffer from sleep disorders, at substantial cost to society. ...
• The British Medical Association reported not too long ago that sleep deprivation can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression. ...
•      That study also noted that as many as 60 percent of all road accidents involve sleep-deprived driving. ...
•      Now come the mega-problems caused by lack of sleep. ... com, many major environmental and technological disasters have been blamed in part on people who lacked sleep. "Investigations into the Challenger, Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, and the Exxon Valdez oil spill all indicated that employees had been working long hours with little sleep, and that this condition may have played some role in each. ...
•      What's a person to do with this information? The first step is the simple realization that sleep deprivation can be broken down into two categories: voluntary and involuntary. Students cramming for exams and workaholics (this writer included) in 80-hour-per-week jobs may believe they're helping themselves by trying to get by on less sleep. ... Increased public awareness alone may help persuade some people to get the recommended eight hours of sleep per night they need. ...
•      In fact, we're getting less sleep these days, not more. According to a National Sleep Foundation poll, one-third of Americans reported in 2001 they slept fewer hours than five years earlier, and seven in 10 said they experienced frequent sleep problems. That poll also revealed Americans said they would sleep more if they believed it would benefit their overall health, safety, and well-being. More than eight out of l0 said they would sleep more if they knew they could be healthier, perform in a safer way and avoid injuries or improve their memory Oh, what I wouldn't do to improve my memory! .

• Causes of sleep deprivation can surprisingly be linked to electromagnetic fields!.
• Causes of sleep deprivation may include exposure to elevated electric or magnetic fields at the bed - or by high frequency radiation from various sources. ...
• How can causes of sleep deprivation be related to electromagnetic fields (EMFs)?.
•   Many people who have sleep difficulties are sensitive to EMFs and do not realize it.   Of course, sleep disorders can have other causes as well, but it makes sense to have a sleeping area that is electromagnetically quiet.
• As an environmental consultant, I see children who not only sleep better but stop their stuttering and bed-wetting once electromagnetic fields are reduced. Adults, too, often sleep more peacefully.
• If you use an electric blanket or sleep on a water bed, unplug them before you go to sleep.
• How can an EMF professional be of assistance when electromagnetics are causes of sleep deprivation?.
• For possible help with sleep disturbances, click for information:.
•  Pay particular attention to Tips for a Healthier Home, because chemicals, mold, and lack of air exchange could be other causes for sleep deprivation. ...

• Sleep Deprivation Experiments .
• In the course of my studies at Berkeley, I have been able to conduct several of my own sleep deprivation experiments. ... Here is a brief summary of my findings on the different methods of sleep management and deprivation: 8 Hours Every Night .
• This is the theoretical ideal sleep management technique. ...
• It is enough sleep to enable proficient programming, but not necessarily enough to stay awake during 1. ...
• At least six hours of sleep the following night returns the subject to normal status. ...
• Also known by the terms "consecutive all-nighters" and "caffeine tripping", this method involves foregoing sleep until the project is finished. ... " Full recovery requires 12-16 hours of sleep. ...
• The subject gets a full night's sleep every "virtual night", and 25-hour stretches are not very strenuous. ...
• The unforeseen drawback is that the subject's internal clock does not exactly appreciate this sudden alteration of the sleep cycle. ...
• The obvious advantage of this method is that I was able to put in 30 hours of programming every two days, and still got 10 hours of sleep every other night. The disadvantages included an increase in caffeine dependency, and sleep-deprivation effects towards the latter end of the 30-hour stretches. ...
• The internal clock appreciated the fact that I was going to sleep at the same time every other day. The savings in commuting time more than made up for the lower efficiency due to sleep-deprivation effects. ...

• Sleep Deprivation.
• Sleep deprivation is fast becoming one of America's most serious problems. 30 to 50 percent of our population is currently affected by sleep deprivation and its getting worse. A large number of people regularly try to manage their lives without sufficient sleep. ... Sleep is no longer considered a high priority. Many people have been existing on inadequate sleep so long they no longer know what it's like to be awake. Trying to exist on less sleep than your body needs is not only uncomfortable it's dangerous. What are the symptoms of sleep deprivation? Nodding off during the day, feeling exhausted in the morning, sleepiness hours before bedtime, inability to concentrate, slurred speech, dizziness, and mood swings. ... Note: If you suffer from fatigue and sleepiness even though you are getting adequate sleep you should see a physician, you may be suffering from depression or another illness. The following tips may help you get a good night's sleep: .
• Avoid alcohol - it can cause drowsiness but the sleep is fragmented - not a deep sleep. ...
• Use your bed only for romance and sleep. ...

• Info on sleep deprivation .
• We’ve become a tired and chronically sleep-deprived generation. ... Is it any wonder that so many of us are short on sleep? .
• Every human being needs a certain number of hours of sleep each day to revive brain cells and other body systems so they’ll continue functioning effectively. Our natural sleep patterns are controlled by an internal body clock called a “circadian clock”. ... If someone is suffering chronic loss of sleep these important functions soon become impaired, overall health is usually affected as is a person’s memory and mood. ... Yet despite this alarming news the number of people suffering from sleep deprivation is rising. ...
• Illnesses, either our own or a loved one’s, also rob us of sleep. ... Once the stressor is removed normal sleep patterns usually resume. ...
• Certain medical or psychological conditions are also responsible for sleep deprivation: 1) sleep apnea - a condition where breathing stops repeatedly during the night, sometimes hundreds of times. ... 4) Sleepwalking, sleep talking and sleep terrors - all are conditions known as “parasomnias” and those prone to them usually never remember any of the nightly excursions. Of the 3, sleepwalking and sleep terrors are the most dangerous. ...
• How can you determine if you’re suffering from sleep deprivation? Here’s a few simple questions you can ask yourself: 1) do you crave naps during the day or find yourself dozing off at inappropriate times? 2) do you feel out of sorts, anxious or groggy, especially when you’re less active? 3) are you coming down with more colds and flu bugs than normal? 4) do you suffer from other medical or emotional conditions that could be keeping you awake? 5) could the prescription or the over-the-counter drugs you’re taking be interfering with your sleep? .
• If you answered yes to any of these questions it might be a good idea to review your sleep schedule, sleep habits and any other underlying causes that might be robbing you of a good night’s rest. Maybe you already know you’re not getting enough sleep but just don’t have the time or inclination to do anything about it right now. Unfortunately too many people have adopted this attitude and that’s why millions of us are sleep deprived. ...

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• Visit the Sleep Center.
• The Need for Sleep.
• Sleep Is a Basic Human Need.
• Sleep is a natural part of everybody's life, but many people know very little about how important it is, and some even try to get by with little sleep. Sleep is something our bodies need to do; it is not an option. Even though the exact reasons for sleep remain a mystery, we do know that during sleep many of the body's major organ and regulatory systems continue to work actively. ...
• Sleep, like diet and exercise, is important for our minds and bodies to function normally. In fact, sleep appears to be required for survival. Rats deprived of sleep die within two to three weeks, a time frame similar to death due to starvation.
• An internal biological clock regulates the timing for sleep. ...
• Sleepiness due to chronic lack of adequate sleep is a big problem in the United States and affects many children as well as adults. Children and even adolescents need at least 9 hours of sleep each night to do their best. Most adults need approximately 8 hours of sleep each night.
• When we get less sleep (even one hour less) than we need each night, we develop a "sleep debt. " If the sleep debt becomes too great, it can lead to problem sleepiness – sleepiness that occurs when you should be awake and alert, that interferes with daily routine and activities, and reduces your ability to function. Even if you do not feel sleepy, the sleep debt can have a powerful negative effect on your daytime performance, thinking, and mood, and cause you to fall asleep at inappropriate and even dangerous times.

• Lack Of Sleep Alters Hormones, Metabolism .
• Lack Of Sleep Alters Hormones, Metabolism.
• CHICAGO, IL--- October 22, 1999 -- Chronic sleep loss can reduce the capacity of even young adults to perform basic metabolic functions such as processing and storing carbohydrates or regulating hormone secretion, report researchers from the University of Chicago Medical Center in the October 23 issue of The Lancet. ...
• Cutting back from the standard eight down to four hours of sleep each night produced striking changes in glucose tolerance and endocrine function-changes that resembled the effects of advanced age or the early stages of diabetes-after less than one week. ...
• Although many studies have examined the short-term effects of acute, total sleep deprivation on the brain, this is the first to investigate the impact of chronic, partial sleep loss on the body by evaluating the metabolism and hormone secretion of subjects subjected to sleep restriction and after sleep recovery. ...
• "We found that the metabolic and endocrine changes resulting from a significant sleep debt mimic many of the hallmarks of aging," said Dr. ... "We suspect that chronic sleep loss may not only hasten the onset but could also increase the severity of age-related ailments such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity and memory loss. ...
• Cutting back on sleep is an extremely common response to the time pressures of modern industrial societies. The average night’s sleep decreased from about nine hours in 1910 to about 7. ... Previous studies, however, have measured only the cognitive consequences of sleep loss. ...
• Van Cauter and colleagues Karine Spiegel and Rachel Leproult chose to focus instead on the physiologic effects of sleep loss, how sleep deprivation altered basic bodily functions such regulating blood-sugar levels, storing away energy from food and the production of various hormones. ... The first three nights the subjects were allowed to sleep for eight hours, from 11 p. ...
• They performed sleep studies on the last two eight-hour nights, the last two four-hour nights, and the first and last two 12-hour nights. They performed glucose tolerance tests on the fifth day of sleep deprivation and the fifth day of sleep recovery and monitored glucose and hormone levels every 30 minutes on the sixth day of deprivation and of recovery. ...
• They found profound alterations of glucose metabolism, in some situations resembling patients with type-2 diabetes, during sleep deprivation. When tested during the height of their sleep debt, subjects took 40 percent longer than normal to regulate their blood sugar levels following a high-carbohydrate meal. ...

• | RHF Joke Archives | Sleep Deprivation.
• 10-MONTH OLD CHILD CONDUCTS SLEEP DEPRIVATION STUDY ON PARENTS In the sleepy city of Sherrill, NY, two unsuspecting adults have found themselves the objects of sleep deprivation research. ... Sometimes a backrub from Mom will put him back to sleep, but other times it takes the formula ritual. ... " Debbie responded: "If you do that I will kill you in your sleep. ... All other babies James age in this area actually sleep through the night and have done so since they were 2 days old. ...

• 'Sleep Debts' Accrue When Nightly Sleep Totals Six Hours Or Fewer; Penn Study Find People Respond Poorly, While Feeling Only 'Slightly' Tired.
• Sleep: Don't be too sure you're getting enough of it.
• Too Much Sleep Can Lead To Restless Nights.
• Sleep Deprivation Within Five Hours Of Learning Impairs Memory Consolidation In Mice.
• Preschoolers Who Sleep Less Have More Behavior Problems.
• Those who believe they can function well on six or fewer hours of sleep every night may be accumulating a "sleep debt" that cuts into their normal cognitive abilities, according to research conducted at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. What's more, the research indicates, those people may be too sleep-deprived to know it.
• The study, published in the March 15 issue of the journal Sleep, found that chronically sleep-deprived individuals reported feeling "only slightly sleepy" even when their performance was at its worst during standard psychological testing. The results provide scientific insight into the daily challenges that confront military personnel, residents and on-call doctors and surgeons, shift workers, parents of young children, and others who routinely get fewer than six hours of sleep each night. ...
• "Routine nightly sleep for fewer than six hours results in cognitive performance deficits, even if we feel we have adapted to it," said Hans P. ... Van Dongen, PhD, Assistant Professor of Sleep and Chronobiology in Penn's Department of Psychiatry and corresponding author of the study. "This work demonstrates the importance of sleep as a necessity for health and well-being. Even relatively moderate sleep restriction, if it is sustained night after night, can seriously impair our neurobiological functioning. ...
• Dinges, PhD, Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychiatry and Chief of the Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, served as principal investigator for the study.
• Dinges, Van Dongen and their colleagues looked at the effects of four hours nightly sleep and six more hours nightly sleep on healthy volunteer subjects aged 21 to 38, over a two-week period. They compared the results of the subjects' accumulating performance deficits, determined by standard psychomotor vigilance and other cognitive tests, with similar test results obtained from subjects who had gone without sleep for more than three nights.

• SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND FATIGUE IN OUR TROOPS.
• Units across the front are facing sleep deprivation.
• Jim Chartier, commander of the Marine 1st Tank Battalion, as saying "Sleep deprivation has been their biggest enemy, making easy tasks difficult. " How does lack of sleep affect soldiers? Lack of sleep can cause lapses in performance and possibly jeopardize lives.
• Gregory Belenky, chief neuropsychiatrist at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, says that sleep deprivation doesn't impair physical strength, endurance or coordination. ... However, the decision-making, logic and the highest mental functions are the most degraded by sleep deprivation.
• Belenky points out a distinction between sleep deprivation (less than four hours a night) and sleep restriction (between four and six hours). His research has found that with four to six hours of sleep, cognitive abilities are degraded, but at a certain point, they stop declining and level off. ... He says the complex problem solving is done in the pre-frontal cortex of the brain and when people are sleep deprived, that part of the brain isn't "lit up. ...
• The stress of combat and lack of sleep affect soldiers so badly that after a week they perform worse than if they were drunk or sedated, according to a US Army study carried out last year. ... "Determining how much sleep a soldier needs to function effectively might not only reduce friendly-fire incidents, but could be the difference between victory and defeat," says Col. ...
• The military is looking at ways to ensure that troops remain alert, including the development of computer programs that will monitor troops' sleep patterns. The Army designed a wristband monitor, which records arm movements and from that you can score sleep and wakefulness reliably.
• In the future, researchers are considering the possibility of incorporating the sleep information into a computer system linked to individual soldiers. ... Considering the toll that sleep deprivation takes on soldiers, the monitor could be a welcome tool for operational planning. ...
• Although the sleep management system is still several years away from full-scale implementation, elements of it are already in use and will be available commercially in June of this year.

• Dexedrine during periods of sleep deprivation .
• BACKGROUND: Around-the-clock operations often are mandated in combat, but while aircraft can function effectively throughout continuous 24-hour periods, aviators often cannot because of sleep loss. ... HYPOTHESIS: Dexedrine will effectively prevent many of the performance problems associated with sleep deprivation in helicopter pilots. ... CONCLUSIONS: Dexedrine appears to be effective for sustaining helicopter pilot performance during short periods of sleep loss without producing adverse side effects. ...

• The bottom line is > that the available evidence suggests that sleep deprivation does not > adversely affect decision making ability and that unfamiliar docs make > more mistakes than sleepy but familiar ones. ... But this is simply a way of saying that we are sleep depriving residents so we don't have to pay for private attendings for indigent patients and the like. ... I want to know about researches done to prove the obvious, > that physicians who don't sleep enough get sleepy, and that > patients may suffer the consequences. ... NY changed its laws after sleep deprivation was implicated in one patient death, but studies show all kinds of things. ... Supose we must actually trade danger to residents (driving) off against danger to patients, so long as we refuse to come up with patient care money? And who among us thinks that somebody impaired driving a car should instead be practicing medicine? Sleep 1996 Dec;19(10):763-6 Effect of sleep deprivation on driving safety in housestaff. ... Sleep deprivation is known to affect driving safety. Housestaff (HS) are routinely sleep-deprived when on call. ... The effects of sleep deprivation on medical personnel have received much attention. This study evaluates the effects of sleep loss on divergent-thinking (creative or innovative) processes as measured by the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT). Anesthesia residents who had approximately 30 minutes sleep while being on-call were evaluated. ... These study results suggest that sleep deprivation affects divergent, or creative, thinking.

• SLEEP DEPRIVATION .
• One of the most annoying things I am dealing with these days is lack of quality sleep. ... I get to sleep well enough; my wife and I have trained the kids to be in bed by 9:00 p. ... alarm is commonplace, so getting to sleep early is essential.
• Cats beware! A recent study I read in Lady's Home Journal says that if you turn on the lights in the middle of the night, it is much harder to get back to sleep. ...
• I know that it sounds silly to fuss, worry and lose sleep over such matters. ... No problem, I have had the phone company install caller ID, so that those who wake me from an early bed time can be contacted later that same night when I can't get back to sleep. ...

•     You are Here: Articles > USA Today (Magazine) > Oct, 2003 > Article Sponsored Links Content provided in partnership with Print article  Tell a friend  Find subscription deals Sleep deprived athletes. ...
• Sleep deprived athletes perceived higher levels of exertion than rested subjects in a study done by The National Youth Sports Safety Foundation, Boston, Mass. ...
• Sleep deprivation Psychological aspects.
• Sleep deprivation Health aspects.

• this page describes, evaluates and links to the best sites on sleep.
•  typical development > sleep .
•   sleep.
•  sites about: sleep.
• issues covered: Sleep deprivation and children, bedtime problems in children, sudden infant death syndrome statistics.
• The sleep section of this site presents easy to understand applied research and information on sleep disorders, sleep deprivation and children and bedtime problems in children for both physicians and parents.
• Articles cover sleep problems, how much sleep do kids need, and strategies for helping kids sleep better. ...
• Provides current research and articles on children and sleep including sleep deprivation and children and bedtime problems in children. ...
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Sleep) .
• Includes technical, research-based articles covering sleep deprivation and children and bedtime problems in children. ...
• Talk About Sleep .
• The "Children and Sleep" section of this site presents a substantial amount of information on various topics associated with sleep disorders. Topics include sleep deprivation and children and bedtime problems in children. ...
• Site offers children, parents, educators, and healthcare providers research-based articles on sleep disorders, sleep deprivation and children and bedtime problems in children. Sleep-related topics include sleep apnea, insomnia, and narcolepsy.
• topic summary: Issues about children and sleep covered through topics such as sleep deprivation and children and bedtime problems in children. ...

• for a study of sleep deprivation as a potential treatment for depression. ...
• We will be performing brain scans before and after the sleep deprivation. ...
•   Sleep Disorders .

• Sleep Deprivation and Cognitive Function.
• We all Sleep. But what purpose does sleep serve ? And what happens to the Brain if we are deprived of sleep ? At the .
• Yvonne Harrison have found that sleep loss affects recovery.
• Lack of sleep impairs speech, memory and innovative, flexibile thinking - findings .
• of great significance for professions where important decisions have to be made by sleep-deprived individuals. ...
• Junior doctors working excessive hours suffer sleep deprivation. ... One might therefore expect sleep to be most beneficial to the frontal cortex, and that this region of the brain would be the first to falter during sleep loss.
• A great deal of sleep research has been conducted over the past century, based on numerous theories of function, mechanism and even links to the immune system. ... Rather than using the traditional tests of reaction time and proficiency, they have conducted a series of novel, stimulating, highly motivating psychological tests specifically aimed at frontal lobe function, to find out exactly how higher cognitive functions are affected by loss of sleep. ...
• Sleep Loss has been thought to affect speech since the late 1960s, and Dr. Harrison and Professor Horne's recent studies revealed that the sleep-deprived had difficulty both in finding the right words and delivering them. ... Their vocal dexterity was also impaired; when asked to read a children's short story full of dramatic expressions, the sleep-deprived produced a flatter, more monotone intonation and they were less able to convey ideas. ... In the real world, these kinds of difficulty would severely compromise sleep-deprived individuals' communication skills.
• Military war-game studies suggest that sleep loss reduces people's ability to cope with unforeseen rapid changes and to revise information under new circumstances. ... After 32 to 36 hours' sleep loss, the performance of the sleep-deprived group - healthy young graduates of both sexes - was marred by rigid thinking and an inability to adjust plans when new information became available. ... In the real world, sleep loss would therefore be expected to impair someone's ability to make flexible decisions or quick rational judgements during an unforeseen crisis. ...

• Talk:Sleep and learning.
• "defragmentation language" predominates current sleep research - after all most of new findings come from understanding neural networks (suggested author reading: Buzsaki) .
• removing the adjective "creative" deprives the statment on damage done by sleep deprivation from the hint that it is creativity that suffers most. ...
• the "didactic tone": this is exactly what Robert Stickgold dedicated his life to: educating public about the ravages of sleep deprivation. ...
• Short popular scientific article on sleep and learning from Nature journal: http://www. ...
• After a un-didacticism redaction it now sounds like a system user manual for hard drive defragmentation <grin> To FretPorpTine: I understand that you strive for understandability, but on the way you have lost the quintessence of healthy sleep: appropriate NREM:REM structure. Someone needs to stress that a refreshing deep NREM pill-induced sleep has nothing to do with healthy sleep. The NREM:REM pair would either have to be resored or a new entry healthy sleep be created. However, sleep and learning seems more specialist and it is here where technicalities should go, esp. that healthy sleep and sleep good for learning are one and the same things. Someone neutral please take over -- Piotr Wozniak Consider moving the sleep and learning page to whatever the scientific name is for the theory it advances. ...
• Role of sleep in learning is as much a "theory" as the role of water in survival. The main difference is that most people do not realize the damage done by sleep deprivation. There are a number of theories on how memories are laid down in sleep: "two-stage memory formation", "complementary encoding", "activation-synthesis", etc. But these refer to details of the process, not to the memory-sleep link. ... But I bet you will have a hard time to find such a placeholder for sleep and learning. SCN? raphe? RAS? All that comes to my mind is sleep on one hand, and learning and memory on the other. ...

• The Effects of Short-term (1 week) Partial Sleep Deprivation on Sleepiness and Cytokine Secretion.
•           Hypothesis: Short-term sleep curtailment causes increased sleepiness and increased daytime plasma IL-6 and TNF-a levels, but does not increase daytime cortisol levels.
•           Specific aim: Evaluate the effects of short-term (one week) partial sleep deprivation on sleepiness and plasma IL-6, TNF-a and cortisol levels in young (age 20-40 years), healthy, non-obese (BMI<27. ...
•           A lack of sufficient sleep is a chronic problem for many people in today's society. Such sleep loss has been shown to cause a deterioration in a person's ability to function effectively and can lead to uncontrolled sleep attacks. The effects of total sleep deprivation are well documented. Specifically, total sleep deprivation, in addition to increasing a subject's subjective perception of daytime sleepiness, has been shown to significantly increase the percentage of slow wave (stages three and four) sleep during the post-sleep deprivation recovery night (Vgontzas et al. ... Sleep latency, which is the amount of time it takes for a subject to fall asleep after going to bed, was also significantly decreased post-sleep deprivation in the same study. The effects of partial sleep loss are not well studied. In fact, some sleep researchers have suggested that some sleep, such as stage two sleep, is "optional" and therefore unnecessary for the functioning and well-being of humans. ...
• TNF-a has been shown to be elevated in patients with sleep apnea and narcolepsy, while IL-6 has been shown to be elevated in patients with sleep apnea only. These results suggest that these cytokines may play a significant role in mediating sleepiness and fatigue in these sleep disorders (Vgontzas et al. ... While no studies have been done which measure the effects of sleep deprivation on TNF-a levels, total sleep deprivation has been shown to alter the pattern of circadian IL-6 secretion in young, healthy male subjects. ... , the total amount of IL-6 over a twenty-four hour period did not change, but there was a shift in the major peak, such that IL-6 levels were elevated during the day and decreased during the recovery night post-sleep deprivation (1999). Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between the difference in interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels pre- and post- sleep deprivation and the baseline percentage of slow wave sleep, suggesting that greater amounts of slow wave sleep render subjects resistant to the effects of total sleep deprivation (Vgontzas et al. ... We suspect that there will be a similar shift in the IL-6 peaks and troughs after partial sleep deprivation, and that IL-6 and TNF-a levels may play a role in mediating sleepiness experienced by our subjects. ...

• Helping Sleep-Deprived Teens By Rita Mullin .
• The early-to-bed rules around our house were complied with, reluctantly, but he'd lie awake sometimes for hours, waiting for sleep to come. ...
• To make matters worse, teens require just as much sleep as they did in elementary school. ... , professor of psychiatry and human behavior at the Brown University School of Medicine and a leading sleep researcher, teens require on average more than nine hours of sleep each night. ...
• Sleep and School Performance.
• 3 hours of sleep each night. ... 5 hours of sleep each night, and a whopping 26 percent were sleeping only 6. ... While Carskadon hesitates to equate increased sleep with better grades, since so many factors enter into student performance, she and her colleagues noticed that students who had mostly As on report cards received on average an hour more sleep each night and retired an hour earlier than students who had mostly Ds and Fs on their report cards. ...
• "What it looks like in kids who are getting insufficient sleep is that they are waking up when their internal clock tells them they should be sleepiest," Carskadon says. ...
• Carskadon offers some suggestions to parents for encouraging their teens to get adequate sleep: .
• So arranging their day with a sleep schedule in mind" is key to establishing sleep habits that will last a lifetime. ...
• That includes forgoing caffeine after school and making the bedroom conducive to sleep. ...
• Sleep in on the weekend, but not too late. While teens need to replenish their "sleep debt" on the weekend, children who stay up very late and "sleep in" past noon on the weekend have the greatest problems. ...
• Carskadon suggests that a book on tape played at a barely audible level can help the transition to sleep for teens. Unlike reading, which requires light in the room, books on tape permit the room to be dark, and the quiet voice can function as "white noise" that also helps prevent stray worries from hijacking a teen from sleep. ...

• Small Group Proposal for Sleep Deprivation.
• Wellness: Proposal for Sleep Deprivation.
• To educate students about the dangers of sleep deprivation and help them deal with pre-existent sleep problems. ...
• Sleep deprivation has been proven to effect college students in a negative aspect. The amount of sleep that college students are able to attain is not nearly as much as what is needed for optimum performance. Most students are not aware that they may be suffering from the damages of sleep deprivation. With this in mind, it is necessary to present a program in which the effects, prevention and treatment of sleep deprivation are addressed. ...
• To educated those that are suffering from sleep deprivation .
• To help students determine whether or not they are at risk for sleep deprivation .
• To educated students on how to deal with sleep deprivation .
• To differentiate between facts and myths about sleep deprivation .
• To teach coping skills and how to treat sleep deprivation .
• Survey will show that anyone can suffer from sleep deprivation. ... The survey will also show them how to begin to diagnose whether or not they are sleeping from sleep deprivation. ...
• Doctors, Experts)- These speakers will present medical information on what physically goes on in your body when you suffer from sleep deprivation, and how it is diagnosed. ...
• Student Speakers- Students who have suffered from sleep deprivation themselves will talk about how their experience affected them mentally, physically and emotionally. ...

• A Good Night's Sleep May Be More Important Than You Think! .
• Generally, our body and common sense tells us that a good night's sleep is fundamental to a healthy, productive lifestyle, yet sleep is often the first thing we sacrifice in order to accommodate the rest of our priorities. ... Occasionally cutting back on a good night's sleep is common, but frequently missing precious sleep can spill-over into our daytime lives.
• According to a Gallop Poll conducted by the National Sleep Foundation, 49 percent of Americans don't get enough sleep on a regular basis. What's more, many of those polled didn't seem to think that missing sleep was a cause for concern.
• But missing sleep for extended periods of time can cause a daytime fog, which can lead to problems functioning during the day. Most sleep experts agree that sleep deprivation can cause impaired judgment, inability to concentrate, reduced communication skills, slower reaction times, poor hand-eye coordination and decreased ability to learn and remember. Sleep also has restorative effects on the body and it improves our brains' functions. ... Some parts of the brain are actually more active during sleep. ... When we are sleep deprived, this may not occur as needed. ...
• Sleep is important to a human's mental, physical and emotional health. Sleep, proper nutrition and exercise are the three fundamental elements our minds and bodies require to function properly. Though we may have become experts at "masking" sleep deprivation through the use of stimulants, such as caffeine, there simply is no substitute for a good night's sleep.
• Obviously, the comfort of your bed, your pillow, your bed clothes, the temperature of the room and noise all have an effect on your sleep. But you can do other things to promote a good night's sleep. Relaxation techniques before bed time, including a warm bath, quiet music and reading all help relax a body to feel comfortable to sleep. ...

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