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• Celebrate National Sleep Awareness Week April 1-7, 2002.
• Poll shows that Americans don't get enough sleep.
• Have trouble waking up in the morning? Maybe you're not just a night owl -- read more about Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome.
• And remember: There's nothing wrong with getting a good night's (or morning's) sleep. ...

• Adenosine and Sleep .
• Investigations into the relationship between adenosine and sleep surged following the discovery that caffeine's stimulating characteristics stem from its ability to prevent adenosine from binding to cells and launching distinct actions. Now studies are revealing the details of how, under normal circumstances, adenosine promotes sleep. Insight into the chemical mechanisms may lead to a new generation of sleeping pills that, unlike current medications, tap into the body's natural sleep system. Additional studies may lead to the development of the first drug treatment for sleep apnea. ...
•       Caffeine also is awakening a new area of research on sleep. ...
• This suggested that adenosine plays a role in sleep. ...
• New theories on why humans require sleep. ...
• A better understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the sleep cycle. ...
• Improved treatment for sleep disorders. ...
• Some researchers are finding that only certain cell groups are important for sleep. ... One recent study on cats - renowned nappers - pinpointed one arousal network and confirmed that adenosine is a natural sleep inducer. The scientists have found that natural concentrations of adenosine build up in parts of the cholinergic brain system during the cats' waking periods and fall during sleep. ...
•       Some researchers now are determining whether sleep relates back to ATP by examining the relationship between adenosine and ATP on a cellular level. ...
•       Other scientists are investigating ways to manipulate adenosine to treat sleep disorders. ... At this point researchers have identified four types of adenosine receptors, but one, the A1 receptor, appears to have the greatest relationship to sleep. Unfortunately, while A1-targeting compounds can induce sleep, they also cause side effects. ...

• REM Sleep .
• The discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, a mentally active period during which dreaming occurs, provided a biological explanation for this phenomenon. It also inspired interest in sleep research by giving scientists a marker for changes in the brain during sleep. From this knowledge, they have begun to understand and develop treatments for major sleep disorders such as insomnia and sleep apnea. ...
• But what does sleep do for us? What happens when you are sleep deprived? What are sleep disorders? .
•       Much of what is known about sleep stems from the groundbreaking 1953 discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. This is an active period of sleep marked in humans by intense activity in the brain and rapid bursts of eye movements. At the same time, scientists discovered that REM sleep is when dreaming occurs.
•       Before the 1950s, most scientists thought of sleep as an unchanging, dormant period of little interest. Hardly anything was known about sleep or dreaming. ...
•       The earliest hints that sleep was a changing state came with studies showing that blood pressure, heart rate, and other body functions in humans rise and fall in a pattern during sleep. Because researchers had observed some eye movement during sleep, they recorded these movements by placing electrodes behind the eyes. ... They found regular periods of very rapid eye movement and rapidly changing brain waves that alternated with periods of deep, quiet, sleep marked by large, slow brain waves. Later, scientists found that the body is paralyzed during REM sleep. ...
• The REM sleep discovery:.
• Suggested that sleep is a complex activity, fundamentally different from waking, but just as active. ...

• Tony Sleep - Home Page .

• sleep:.
• Two Ends of Sleep: A Novel.
• The MySleepCenter Bookstore is a bookstore with a wide selection of books about Sleep,Snore, and Apnea. It includes topics such as sleep problem, sleep help, sleep talk, sleep health, sleep deprivation, better sleep, sleep medicine, sleep and drugs, sleep disorder, insomnia cure, narcolepsy, snoring, hypersomnia, baby sleep, children sleep, child sleep, bedtime stories, sleeping beauty, sheep sleep, dream, sleep, sleeping, snore, and sleep novel. ... They have selected many hardbacks and paperbacks, such as The Therapeutic Nightmare: The Battle over the World's Most Controversial Sleeping Pill (Health and the Environment Series) , While Dragons Sleep: How to Solve a Chemical Dependence Problem and I'm Taking a Nap. ...

• Intellect thrives on sleep.
• Events of the day are rehearsed in sleep.
• Human and animal experiments are lending new support to a common parental adage: that a good night's sleep is essential to learning. ...
• "Modern life's erosion of sleep time could be seriously short-changing our education potential," warned Robert Stickgold of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology at the meeting of American Association for the Advancement of Science in Boston this week.
• Similarly, in the lab, volunteers' skill at key-tapping and speed-spotting tasks improved by 20 per cent with one nights' sleep after training. ...
• He and his team have also found that different sleep phases influence different types of learning. Acing a visual test requires relaxed slow-wave sleep in the first quarter of the night, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the last quarter. ...
• "I think sleep is involved in rehearsing, restructuring and reclassifying our existing world view to allow us to function better," Stickgold said. ...
• Rats, meanwhile, rehearse running in their sleep. ...
• He believes that new experiences are generalized and re-evaluated during sleep. ...
• To sleep, perchance to learn.
• The sleep of the platypus.
• Shedding light on sleep patterns.

• Sleep .
• What makes us go to sleep, what wakes us up, and what happens to us when we've been up too long and need to go to sleep.
• He's Dr Robert McCarley, Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard, and has been trying to find out what happens to us when we've been up too long and need to go to sleep.
• The answer to it hasn't proven so simple in terms of understanding exactly what it is in the brain that makes you sleepy and go to sleep.
• Robert McCarley: Well cats are wonderful animals because they like to sleep so much. ... And lo and behold, as the animals went to sleep, adenosine levels went down from the levels of wakefulness. This suggested well, adenosine was a possible candidate for the stuff that was causing animals to go to sleep. ... And then as the animals went to sleep, adenosine levels went down.
• Norman Swan: Now did you think that adenosine was making the brain go to sleep?.
• It showed there was a high correlation in order to test the hypothesis that adenosine caused the sleep. ...
• So we increased adenosine, the animals went to sleep and the nice thing for our theory was that the kind of sleep they had following this artificial increase in the adenosine, exactly parallelled that that they'd had when they'd been awake for six hours.
• Sleep comes for two reasons in people: one is, you've been awake for a long time, and the other is, it's that time of day or night to go to sleep. And the second kind of sleep is related to your body rhythms, circadian rhythms; and melatonin acts on circadian rhythm, it's really a darkness hormone. ... So these are two independent ways in which sleep is controlled, one by body rhythms, which melatonin acts on, and the other way by time you've been awake, which is adenosine's effect.
• Obviously the current sleeping pills aren't terribly effective over the long run because they don't promote natural sleep. In order to have an effective sleeping pill, you need to mimic natural sleep. ...

• Talk:Sleep.
• By adding "Researchers do not know what is the role of sleep", you inserted a blatant fallacy into this text. ... Who does not know the role of sleep? Vertes? If you said "Researchers do not know all the function of sleep" you might be closer to the truth because there are many in the research community who still push on with some of their own theories. If a simple experiment: learn the Towers of Hanoi, get sleep or do not get sleep, check the performance, clearly indicates deficit in procedural learning for sleep deprived, no reasonable person would question the role of sleep in learning. ... Imagine searching the net about the theory of evolution in the 1860s (the most valuable findings in sleep&learning research date to late 1980s and the 1990s). ...
• I think the wording could be better--I agree with Piotr that it is well established that consolidation of memory occurs during sleep, but that by no means should elevate this simple fact to a "purpose". ... Now, last I heard, it was an enormous mystery to sleep researchers what the purpose of sleep is, though there were a number of theories. I am willing to concede that in the intervening years (ten?), researchers have concluded that sleep does have at least one specific, well-demonstrated function; but in that case, it would be a good idea to say who the (main) researchers are who have demonstrated this, how it was demonstrated, and so forth--all the details you (finally and helpfully) mention above. ...
• I put some links to popular scientific articles at sleep and learning. If they survive future edits, any reasonable person can draw his or her own conclusions about the role of sleep (don't we all pause why should we waste 1/3 of our lives on a seemingly useless state of unawareness and vulnerability? -- the greatest minds in the research community have a very simple answer to that: optimizing memory storage in condition of information excess). If anyone is interested in my own popular scientific summary and practical applications of knowledge about sleep, see: http://www. ... com/articles/sleep. ...
• Not just humans sleep - other mammals certainly do and other animals have similar rest states. ... -rmhermen According to what I've read in body-building literature, sleep is necessary for muscle growth and repair. Sleep probably serves numerous other physical purposes, which should be included in the article. ...
• You can rest your muscles ok without getting any sleep. The belief that sleep is needed for muscle regenration comes from the fact that the organisms puts various defense mechanisms against sleep deprivation that would slow down registering new generalized and non-interfering memories to a crawl. ...

• Below the thunders of the upper deep; Far far beneath in the abysmal sea, His ancient, dreamless, uninvaded sleep The Kraken sleepeth: faintest sunlights flee About his shadowy sides; above him swell Huge sponges of millennial growth and height; And far away into the sickly light, From many a wondrous grot and secret cell Unnumber'd and enormous polypi Winnow with giant arms the slumbering green. There hath he lain for ages, and will lie Battening upon huge seaworms in his sleep, Until the latter fire shall heat the deep; Then once by man and angels to be seen, In roaring he shall rise and on the surface die. ...

• for NAPS (New Abstracts and Papers in Sleep), a Free Current Alerting Service. ...
• Sign-Up NOW!:For your free E-mail account, courtesy of the Sleep Home Pages. ...
• Sleep Research Online (SRO).
• Sleep Syllabus.
• International Sleep Directory.
• Sleep Links.
• Sleep Trainee Home Page.
• Adolescent Sleep.
• Sleep Training Workshop.
• Narcolepsy and Sleep Disorders Newsletter.
• World Federation of Sleep Research Societies.
• Australasian Sleep Association.
• Asian Sleep Research Society.
• Canadian Sleep Society.
• European Sleep Research Society.
• Latin American Sleep Society.

• Did you complete the 'Sleep' challenge? Browse with the Link Viewer 1: EdgeCurve 2: tyd 3: Mona 4: tia 5: Confessionalism 6: Casey 7: paperprincess 8: Flipdingo 9: Gregz 10: DK 11: Fusion Reaction 12: WildPlace 13: nmk@japan 14: Mahmood's Den 15: Pitsaman 16: CeeJay 17: (*!*)White Lily 18: Masha 19: Observe. ... com 162: Will Burnham 163: LMichelle 164: John P 165: 2xUP Ph* 166: heather 167: Scott Brauer 168: Gina 169: Naolog 170: sleeping cat 171: popyourculture 172: sirio-food4eyes 173: hatice ozdemir 174: Sylvia 175: ziggster!!!! 176: Contented Sleep 177: kudzu 178: Concrete Sky 179: quiche65 180: bon_u 181: Planet-Hood 182: Syntel Networks 183: bre online. ... 203: CozyCats 204: sleep 205: koik:af:e blog 206: Sean Conner 207: Masa Blog 208: Emmanuelle 209: El Jefe 210: Inkdragon 211: hannah 212: woodencracker 213: MEGLA 214: Gabriela 215: millchu 216: photopix 217: Rhianimation 218: chara 219: Natalia 220: reebert 221: neko 222: mi4ko 223: Going My Way 224: ~Willie B 225: April 226: Sinta 227: Medb 228: beth! 229: gatchaman 230: nukie 231: norakuro 232: Alexandra Emde 233: jopo 234: digital asylum 235: Szilvia 236: shibunix 237: Tim G. ...
• Sleep - Fri Aug 08, 2003 .
• This week's challenge: "Sleep".

• Two major things that weren't were the fact that Gilda Radner wrote her book, "It's Always Something", after she found out that her cancer really hadn't subsided, and she didn't die in her sleep. ... Well, according to her husband in his own writings, she "died in her sleep," which is a much more dignified explaination than "she died on the operating table. ...
• It would have been fine to say, "She went in for an operation, and during the operation she died in her sleep"(in fact, that would have been the perfect thing to say) the original article leave the operation part out, and so therefore it makes it seem like, "oh, one day she was at home and was sleeping and died, just out of the blue,". ... and her husband expresses in his original article to the press that she had gone in for an operation and died in her sleep, so I think he would have wanted that part there, too. ...
• Plus to be honest, if I had died during an operation, I wouldn't want people to remember it as me just randomly dying in my sleep oneday. ...
• However, dying anesthetized on an operating table is not dying in your sleep. ...

• Click on the sleeper to wake him - then click again to let him sleep.

• Sandman® sleep diagnostic systems provides sleep study professionals throughout North America with a range of robust, technologically advanced products for sleep study recording and analysis.
• Powerful sleep data recording and scoring: Sandman Elite version 6. 2 advanced 16 to 64 channel sleep diagnostic collection software offers customizable digital filtering capabilities for sleep event recording or postrecording. ...
• Portable recording system: The Suzanne™ sleep data recording system offers true convenience and flexibility. ...

• Snoring & Sleep Apnea.
• com was developed to provide information on dentistry's role in the recognition and management of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. ...
• It is our hope that this site will become a resource not only for those suffering from problems associated with snoring and sleep apnea but for dentists interested in treating patients with oral appliance therapy and dental laboratories who construct those appliances. ...

• Sleep Huggers™ European sleep sacks for newborns and toddlers.
•   Lionel's Word of Wisdom Purchase 2 or more Sleep Huggers™ and save 10%.
• Huge End Of Season Sale! Stock up on your baby's sleep sacks now and SAVE!!.
• Shipping to the USA is only $5 - regardless of how many sleep sacks you order. ...
• Ethan is wearing a Classic Navy Gingham Sleep Hugger in size Medium (6-18 months) $43. ...
• Joshua is wearing a Pepito Mouse Sleep Hugger in the special side zipper model (upto 6 months)$39. ...
•  Sleep Huggers™ baby sleeping bag, or sleep sack, will keep your baby warm and comfortable all night long, helping them (and you) sleep better. Using the innovative Sleep Hugger, in place of loose bedding in your baby's crib, reduces the risk factors associated with SIDS. ...
• Check out the February 2004 issue of ePregnancy magazine to see what they have to say about baby sleep sacks, including Sleep Huggers™.

• Home   >   Features   >   Issues   >   Science   >   Article The secret of sleep.
• People who sleep in the foetal position seem tough but are really sensitive and shy, according to a US study. ...
• But even the most gifted scientist on the planet cannot explain why people sleep, writes Erica Goode.
• "It may be the biggest open question in biology," said Allan Rechtschaffen, a sleep expert and a professor emeritus at the University of Chicago. ...
• Ignorance about one of life’s most basic activities is not a result of lack of trying by scientists and others to understand why sleep is needed. ...
• Fifty years of intensive sleep research, aided by the development of novel technologies, have turned speculation into theory, ruling out some possibilities and yielding a variety of intriguing leads. ...
• But the researchers who bragged at a conference in the early 1970s that the secret of sleep would be theirs by the millennium, have had to revise their estimates. ...
• The discovery of rapid eye movement, or REM, sleep in 1953 awakened scientists to the realisation that sleep was not "a simple turning off of the brain", but an active, organised physiological process. Five decades later, few researchers would dispute that sleep serves some critical — if unknown — biological purpose. ...
• All mammals, birds and reptiles engage in some form of sleep, Rechtschaffen noted in a 1998 paper, even if they do it perched on a tree branch or, like the dolphin, while swimming, with one half of the brain at a time. Sleep has also endured through the eons, despite the fact that it interferes with other survival-enhancing activities. ...
• "While we sleep, we do not procreate, protect or nurture the young, gather food, earn money, write papers, et cetera," Rechtschaffen wrote. ...
• Equally telling is the finding that when humans and other animals lose sleep, they proceed to make it up, paying off the "debt" by sleeping longer or more intensely. ...
• And, sleep deprivation over long periods appears to have serious consequences, though what they are is still debated, because it is difficult to separate the effects of lost sleep from those of stress or other factors. ...
• Researchers once thought that a prolonged lack of sleep produced mental illness. ...
• Nor is there proof that humans have died from a lack of sleep. But rats deprived of sleep die in two to three weeks, or in five to six weeks if they are deprived only of REM, a sleep stage in which brain activity is similar to that in waking. ...

• Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterised by an inability to sleep and/or to remain asleep for a reasonable period during the night. ...
• If insomnia continues for more than a few nights running, it can become chronic and cause a sleep deficit that is extremely detrimental to the sufferer's well-being. Insomnia interrupts the natural sleep cycle, which can be hard to restore. ... Others push their bodies to the limits, until their sleep deficit causes severe physical and mental effects. ...
• Many people who feel they are suffering from insomnia may actually have a lower physical need for sleep than they believe they do. A normal part of the ageing process is to sleep more lightly and for shorter periods of time, and some elderly people toss and turn in bed late at night or early in the morning when their body has no physical need for more rest, because they believe that they must 'need' a certain amount of sleep to be rested. ...
• Insomnia is a common side-effect of some medications, and it can also be caused by stress, emotional upheaval, physical or mental illness, dietary allergy and poor sleep hygiene. ...
• Avoid all caffeine if you can't sleep. ...
• The bedroom environment should be conducive to sleep. ...
• Practice good sleep hygiene. Do not use the bed for too many activities besides sleep. ... Try not to sleep during the daytime. ...
• Sleep apnea can be a cause of insomnia. While a visit to the doctor will help in the diagnosis or ruling out of sleep apnea, a definitive answer will have to come from a study at a sleep lab. ...
• Sometimes lack of sleep is indicative of some emotional problem that's not being dealt with. ...
• Do you have depression? If you wake up too early and can't get back to sleep you might want to visit a doctor. ...

• They are usually associated with rapid-eye movement (REM) periods of sleep, and may be accompanied by physical movements. ...
• Going to bed before the usual hour is a frequent cause of night-mare, as it either occasions the patient to sleep too long or to lie long awake in the night. Passing a whole night or part of a night without rest likewise gives birth to the disease, as it occasions the patient, on the succeeding night, to sleep too soundly. Indulging in sleep too late in the morning, is an almost certain method to bring on the paroxysm, and the more frequently it returns, the greater strength it acquires; the propensity to sleep at this time is almost irresistible. ...
• Occasional nightmares are commonplace, but recurrent nightmares can interfere with sleep and may cause people to seek psychiatric help. ...
• Also see: sleep disorder, night terror. ...
• Sleep: A scientific perspective. ...

• Trouble with creativity? Sleep on it .
• Trouble with creativity? Sleep on it .
• After studying for a big test the next day, it is commonly advised for the test taker to get a good night's sleep. Now, for the first time, there is solid evidence a good night's sleep may not only help on the test, but it may boost creativity. Researchers previously have tried to test the effects of sleep on memory and creativity, but they have not found the right experiments to test the connection. ...
• One group was allowed to sleep during that time, while the other groups remained awake. When they were given the test, the group that was allowed to sleep were over twice as likely to discover the test shortcut than those who remained awake. The results were confirmed with a subsequent experiment that showed the difference was not due to tiredness or sleep deprivation in the groups that remained awake. ...
• Some experts think this occurs during REM sleep and that dreaming helps reorganize problems and puzzles in the process. ... The REM theory (noted in the Nature story) conflicts with comments from the study leader where he thinks it may fall within the deep sleep, or "slow wave" cycle. If this processes is occurring early in the sleep cycle, power naps could give a quick boost in creativity, but the study leader says "as long as you get around eight hours' sleep at night you should be fine. ...

• and Sleep Research.
• Effects of pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields on sleep.
• - new study published in Journal of Sleep Research, 11, 288-295 (2002). ...
• - the regulation of sleep .
• Literature references for first ESRS course on sleep medicine and sleep research, Munich Nov 2003 .
• Sleep research CDROM .
• Search - within /phar/sleep/ .

• Sleep's healing properties.
• Five keys to optimal sleep.
• But good-quality sleep goes far and beyond those products when it comes to restoring your health. And best of all, sleep is free. ...
• Organizing your life so you get the highest quality sleep possible is well worth the effort. And quantity doesn't necessarily equal quality: You may sleep for many hours, but if your sleep isn't deep enough, or if your sleep cycle is disturbed, you may still be at greater risk for illness. A simple way to gauge the quality of your sleep is to see how refreshed you feel when you wake up. ...
• Part of sleep's effect lies in hormones. During deep sleep, the production of growth hormone is at its peak. ...
• Melatonin, often called the sleep hormone, is also produced during sleep. This hormone inhibits tumors from growing, prevents viral infections, stimulates your immune system, increases antibodies in your saliva, has antioxidant properties and enhances the quality of sleep. ...
• Some studies show the value of maintaining a steady and natural rhythm in sleep patterns. ...
• Researchers at the University of Toronto Center for Sleep and Chronobiology are uncovering important insights into how sleep heals. ... Harvey Moldofsky and his colleagues studied the natural rhythm of sleep by interrupting the sleep of a group of medical students. Over several nights, each time the students entered a deep-sleep phase, called the "non-REM" or "delta" phase, the researchers would interfere. ...
• Moldofsky conducted another study examining how the immune system reacts to sleep deprivation. ... , giving them four hours less sleep than usual. This one insult to their sleep pattern caused the activity of the natural killer cells to decrease by more than one-fourth the next day. ...

• What habits promote a good night's sleep?.
• It is not unusual to have sleep troubles from time to time. But, if you feel that you do not get enough sleep or satisfying sleep, you may have insomnia, a sleep disorder. ...
• waking up often during the night and having trouble going back to sleep; .
• unrefreshing sleep. ...
• A person with insomnia may also have another sleep disorder such as sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and restless legs syndrome. ...
• Insomnia is not defined by the number of hours you sleep every night. The amount of sleep a person needs varies. While most people need between 7 and 8 hours of sleep a night, some people do well with less, and some need more. ...
• About 60 million Americans each year suffer from insomnia, which can lead to serious sleep deficits and problems. ...
• Primary insomnia means that a person is having sleep problems that are not directly associated with any other health condition or problem. Secondary insomnia means that a person is having sleep problems because of something else, such as a health condition (like depression, heartburn, cancer, asthma, arthritis), pain, medication they are taking, or a substance they are using (like alcohol). ... It can also come and go (or be intermittent), with periods of time when a person has no sleep problems. ...
• environmental factors like noise, light, or extreme temperatures (hot or cold) that interfere with sleep; .
• things that throw off a normal sleep schedule (like jet lag or switching from a day to night shift).
• An evaluation may include a physical exam, a medical history, and a sleep history. You may be asked to keep a sleep diary for a week or two, keeping track of your sleep patterns and how you feel during the day. Your health care provider may want to interview your bed partner about the quantity and quality of your sleep. In some cases, you may be referred to a sleep center for special tests. ...

• Sleep Country Canada. ...
• Welcome to Sleep Country Canada, where comfort, value and customer care define our commitment to you. ... With it, you will get to know our stores, products, people and activities -- and you will discover that buying a bed can be as refreshing as a good night's sleep. ...
• You owe it to yourself to make sleep healthy and enjoyable. ...
• Simply put, if it's a better sleep you're after, you have come to the right place. Sleep Country. ...
• About Sleep Country .
•  Health and Sleep .

• Deep Sound Sleep. ...
• Does Your Sleep Rejuvenate and .
• Experience 8 hours of Deep Sound Sleep.
•    Free Sleep Advice.
• NEED Sleep Medications?.
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• We use music and words to relax both the sides of your brain similtaneously, which triggers sleep. The results are a deep sound sleep, that you can experience in a very short time.
• Do I have to use your CD, the rest of my life to sleep? Absolutely NOT! Within 7-10 days you can fall asleep without playing the CD. ...
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• Here's to another Great Nights Sleep,.

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