Terrorism Reader Canada Among Nations 2002: A Fading Power The Sorrows of Empire : Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic [The American Empire Project ] Terrorism and Public Health: A Balanced Approach to Strengthening Systems and Protecting People Super-Terrorism: Assassins, Mobsters and Weapons of Mass Destruction Hearts and Minds: Irish Culture and Society Under the Act of Union (Princess Grace Irish Library, 13) Terrorism & International Law Blackstone's Guide to the Anti-Terrorism Legislation (Check Info and Delete This Occurrence: ºt Blackstone's Guide Series) Hijacking and Hostages : Government Responses to Terrorism

• Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism.
• From our national perspective, however, allow me to share with you, Indonesia's vigorous efforts in combating terrorism. ...
• In October 2002, President Megawati Soekarnoputri signed two Government Regulations in Lieu of Law, on the elimination of terrorism. The Indonesian Government has also established an Anti-terrorism Task Force under the Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs, involving 58 government/military officials, experts, NGOs and academics. ...
• Indonesia believes that the most important task to deal with terrorism is to lay down a legal foundation that could protect both the interest of the public as well as human rights as the basis for law enforcement to root out terrorism. The strong legal infrastructure that would become the basis of our national policy as well as actions in fighting terrorism are based on both national processes as well as results of international processes. At the national level, Indonesia has enacted laws and regulations against terrorism on its own as well as from the ratification of relevant international instruments. ...
• Furthermore, in line with its commitment to combating terrorism, Indonesia enacted Anti-Terrorism Act no. ... The Act has been implemented to prosecute the perpetrators of the Bali bombing. Many assert that the Bali bombing trial, the first trial of any high profile terrorism case post 9/11, is indeed a fair trial. ...
• Fully aware of the linkage between money laundering and terrorist financing, Indonesia enacted Anti-Money Laundering Act no. 15/2002 which has been recently amended, especially by removing the threshold of money laundering. ...
• At the regional level, it is worthy of mention that in May 2002 Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines signed the Agreement on Exchange and Establishment of Communication Procedures in combating transnational crime, including terrorism. ... Indonesia and Australia will also hold a regional conference on terrorism in early February 2004. ...
• At the international stage, Indonesia currently has become party to four UN Conventions dealing with international terrorism and signatory to two others and consistently fulfills its obligation to communicate its written reports to the UN Security Council's Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC) on various national measures in the context of implementing relevant UN resolutions on terrorism. ...
• Indonesia considers terrorism to be one of the most dreadful and unfortunately increasing threats to international security, cherished humanity, human rights, national development, and our children's future. Given the sophisticated and borderless nature of terrorism, it is extremely important that international cooperation in many different fields such as information exchanges, intensified regional and international law enforcements cooperation, and also extradition, is imperative as it provides the best opportunity to address it. ...

• national forum that identifies, prioritizes, and coordinates interagency and international research and development (R&D) requirements for combating terrorism. The TSWG rapidly develops technologies and equipment to meet the high priority needs of the combating terrorism community, and addresses joint international operational requirements through cooperative R&D with major allies. ...
• Since 1986, the TSWG has pursued combating terrorism technologies in the broad context of national security by providing a cohesive interagency forum to define user based technical requirements spanning the Federal interagency community. ... Participants in the ten functional subgroup areas of the TSWG can come to a single table to articulate specific threats and user defined approach to the rapid prototyping and development of combating terrorism devices, training tools, reference materials, software, and other equipment.
• The TSWG continues to focus its program development efforts to balance investments across the four pillars of combating terrorism: .
• Counterterrorism: Offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, and respond to terrorism .
• Intelligence Support: Collection and dissemination of terrorism-related information taken to oppose terrorism throughout the entire threat spectrum; to include terrorist use of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear materials or high-yield explosive devices .
• 2002 PDF - 3 MB.
• “Countering terrorism requires close day-to-day coordination among many Executive Branch agencies. ...
• Bilateral Combating Terrorism R&D Agreements: .

• DECLARATION ON TERRORISM .
• We commend Indonesia and the Philippines for their efforts to curtail terrorism within their borders and for their determination to step up those efforts. ...
• We deplore the tendency in some quarters to identify terrorism with particular religions or ethnic groups. ...
• We are determined to carry out and build on the specific measures outlined in the ASEAN Declaration on Joint Action to Counter Terrorism, which we adopted in Brunei Darussalam in November 2001. ...
• We commend our law-enforcement authorities for the cooperative work that has resulted in the arrest of persons plotting to commit acts of terrorism and in otherwise preventing such acts. We direct them to continue to intensify their cooperation in combating terrorism and, in particular, in expeditiously carrying out the Work Plan adopted by the Special ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Terrorism in Kuala Lumpur in May 2002, raising the level of cooperation, coordination and the sharing of information in the fight against terrorism. ...
• the International Conference on Anti-Terrorism and Tourism Recovery in Manila next week; .
• the Regional Conference on Combating Money-Laundering and Terrorist Financing in Bali in December 2002; .
• the Intersessional Meeting on Terrorism of the ASEAN Regional Forum in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, in March 2003; .
• the establishment of the Regional Counter-terrorism Center in November 2002 in Kuala Lumpur. ...
• We urge the international community to support ASEAN's efforts to combat terrorism and restore business confidence in the region. ...
• (ASEAN Leaders adopted the Declaration at their working dinner in Phnom Penh on 3 November 2002. ...

• OTTAWA, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2002.
• SOR/2002-327 6 September, 2002.
• UNITED NATIONS ACT .
• Regulations Amending the United Nations Suppression of Terrorism Regulations .
• 2002-1481 5 September, 2002 .
• Therefore, Her Excellency the Governor General in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, pursuant to section 2 of the United Nations Act, hereby makes the annexed Regulations Amending the United Nations Suppression of Terrorism Regulations. ...
• REGULATIONS AMENDING THE UNITED NATIONS SUPPRESSION OF TERRORISM REGULATIONS .
• Schedule 1 to the United Nations Suppression of Terrorism Regulations (see footnote 1)  is amended by adding the following after the expression "Nasreddin International Group Limited Holding (also known as Nasreddin International Group Ltd. ...
• These Regulations come into force on September 6, 2002. ...
• The Regulations Amending the United Nations Suppression of Terrorism Regulations (the "regulations") were made to further implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001) calling on UN member states to adopt specific measures to combat terrorism. The regulations add to the schedule established pursuant to the United Nations Suppression of Terrorism Regulations the name of an individual which there are reasonable grounds to believe is involved in or associated with terrorist activities. ...
• The Minister of Foreign Affairs may issue a certificate pursuant to section 11 of the United Nations Suppression of Terrorism Regulations to a person who wishes to do, or omit to do, any act or thing that may be prohibited under these Regulations. Such a certificate may be issued if the Minister has reasonable grounds to believe that Security Council Resolution 1373 does not intend that the act or thing be prohibited, or the act or thing has been approved by the Security Council of the United Nations or by the Committee of the Security Council established pursuant to Resolution 1373, or if the person named in the certificate is not a listed person. ...
• The United Nations Act is the appropriate legislative authority to implement these measures. ...
• The search and report requirements contained in the United Nations Suppression of Terrorism Regulations will require action by financial institutions in Canada, including foreign insurance companies operating in Canada, that may result in costs. ...
• Every person who contravenes provisions of the United Nations Suppression of Terrorism Regulations is liable, upon conviction, to the punishments set out in section 9. ...

• hit counts: Terrorism: 15410.
• "Terrorism," Hartman emphasized, "has got to be stopped. ...
• Reconstruction: Triumph Over Terrorism AFPS News Article: Pentagon Construction Ahead.
• in DoD Transformation War on Terrorism .
• in DoD Transformation War on Terrorism .
• DefenseLINK News: Bombings Show 'The War on Terrorism Goes On,' Rice S.
• Bombings Show 'The War on Terrorism Goes On,' Rice S Search Home Site Map DoD Sites.
• Bombings Show 'The War on Terrorism Goes On,' Rice Says By Gerry J. ...
• Lines The Revolution in Terrorism Ricochets and Replies Features Focus: The Shaft of.
• the US Air Force in Fighting Terrorism at Home Lt Col Michael Champness, USAF Back to.
• html  Date: 14-Aug-2002  11K.
• DefenseLINK: COUNTERING TERRORISM AND PROTECTING OUR FORCES.
• Department of State's Counter-Terrorism Office Archived Information Site Map |.
• in DoD Transformation War on Terrorism .
• mil/other_info/terrorism. ...
• House) Navy News Photos (DoD) Terrorism and Terrorists Enrollment Eligibility.

• PMO Normal pmo 3 276 2002-01-29T11:37:00Z 2003-06-18T06:30:00Z 1 294 1678 PMO 13 3 1969 10. ...
• Cabinet Decisions -  29 January 2002.
• Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister and has agreed to the following Bills being introduced into the National Assembly at its sitting on 4 February 2002 -.
• (a)       The Prevention of  Terrorism Bill which aims at empowering our legal system to adequately deal with terrorism.   The Bill inter alia contains provisions for the prevention, suppression and combatting of terrorism and new offences relating to terrorism generally;.
• (b)       The Prevention of Terrorism (Denial of Bail) Bill which specifies the offences under the Protection of Terrorism Act 2002 in relation to which an arrested person or detained person will not be admitted to bail in certain circumstances;.
• Past Cabinet Decisions for the year 2002.
• Last Updated : 29 january 2002.

• 4 October 2002.
• On the anniversary of the terrorist attacks on the United States, we vividly recalled the sense of tremendous panic and profound grief caused by such a brutal act. ...
• Although much progress has been made in the fight against terrorism, the struggle must be ongoing. Only through steadfast vigilance and a comprehensive approach, with efforts made by each State, as well as determined cooperation at the regional and international levels, can we have some assurance that such acts of terrorism will not be repeated.
• First, as part of its own efforts to combat terrorism, in June Japan deposited its instruments of acceptance of the Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism. In so doing it became party to all twelve international anti-terrorism conventions. Japan hopes that every State will likewise conclude all of the anti-terrorism conventions. At the same time, we believe it is also important to further strengthen the international framework by adopting such conventions as the Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism and the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. ...
• In Tokyo on the 1st and 2nd of this month, Japan co-hosted with the Republic of Korea and Singapore the Second ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) Workshop on counter-terrorism measures. ... As a result of the very fruitful discussions, we completed work on the paper entitled "Best Practices for Counter-Terrorism Measures in Major International Events". The workshop thus offered a valuable opportunity to strengthen regional efforts to combat terrorism.
• Third, cooperative efforts to combat terrorism at the international level are especially crucial. Japan therefore remains committed to fully supporting the work of the Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC). ...
• 2002.
• Terrorism.

• The US and the UK have implemented emergency measures to combat terrorism. ...
• In October 2001, the US Congress approved anti-terrorism legislation, known as the Patriot Act, which provides law enforcement agencies with increased powers to monitor and detain suspected terrorists without charge or trial. ...
• In December 2001, the UK Parliament approved the Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act, which allows for the detention without trial of foreigners suspected of terrorism. This Act is currently being revised, with British Home Secretary David Blunkett proposing keeping sensitive evidence from defendants and secret trials before specially-vetted judges. ...
• The so-called 'Patriot Act' was passed in late October 2001 and is aimed at preventing further terror attacks. The Act gives broad new powers to police forces and intelligence agencies, which are now able to observe and monitor the communications of suspected terrorists more easily. ... Civil liberty groups won a landmark lawsuit against the government in August 2002 regarding the disclosure of the names of an estimated 1,200 individuals who have been detained on both immigration violations and as material witnesses to the terror attacks. ... UK LegislationAfter much debate, the UK Parliament passed the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act in December 2001. The Act was intended to make it easier for law enforcement agencies to track terrorist funds and share information. Most controversially, the Act grants the home secretary the power to detain suspected international terrorists without trial if deportation is not possible. Since this provision violates Article 5 of the Human Rights Act, the home secretary had to assert that the UK is in a 'state of public emergency. ... Liberty, a human rights group, legally challenged Britain's anti-terror laws in July 2002, claiming they breach human rights. ...

• Updated: 22-Feb-2002 .
• 2002.
• at the Seminar the Role of EAPC in Combating Terrorism .
• Let me welcome all of you in Warsaw at the EAPC Seminar on Combating International Terrorism. ...
• This is the second important conference devoted to terrorism-fighting Warsaw is hosting after the tragic events of September 11th. ...
• The first was the November 2001 Conference on Combating Terrorism. The Heads of State and Government of the Central, Eastern and South Eastern European countries reflected upon the common struggle against international terrorism while retaining at the same time the guiding principles of democracy and freedom. ...
• These documents encourage us to take appropriate measures to provide conditions necessary for full implementation of the relevant international conventions on anti-terrorism issues and for far wider co-operation to fight international terrorism. ...
• Standing united against terrorism all the present in Warsaw agreed on deepening co-operation enabling us to provide quick and effective information exchanges on possible sources of international terrorism and possible terrorist threats. ...
• Today, this time in a different format, we meet to discuss how to enhance the role the EAPC may play in combating terrorism. ...
• As we will discuss ways and means of combating terrorism, we have to be clear about the fundamental assumptions for an effective fight against terrorism.
• Wolfowitz was right in his intervention at the Munich conference on security policy on 2 February 2002, when he said: There can be no reason substantiating a claim that any given terrorist act serves any purpose other destruction and humiliation. ...
• We should try to comprehend what makes us so vulnerable to terrorism. ...
• In short, a great deal has been written and said in recent months about terrorism, though not all have told the whole story yet. ... The former argument claims that it was a criminal act, that could have been prevented by enhancing controls at airports. ...
• On the basis of the above assumptions, one has to look into our possibilities of combating terrorism. I would venture to say that first of all we have to establish the criteria for effective fight against terrorism. ...

• The 107th Congress (2nd Session) – 2002 in Outlook.
• 2002 is an election year, and Congress will most likely avoid any long and protracted battles so that they can adjourn early in the year and return home to campaign for re-election. ...
• While members of Congress continue to view universities and their work as part of the long term solutions to both the economic and terrorist issues, they do not necessarily see an immediate, direct connection with the war on terrorism which is now dominating the Federal agenda. ...
• Increased Support for Research to Combat Terrorism — Following September 11, the Administration and Congress have increased initiatives to fund programs to combat terrorism. ... However, long-term basic and applied research in combating terrorism, in which universities play a vital role, will also be significantly increased. ...
• In 2002, Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) has promised to return to the debate and has introduced legislation (S. ...
• Under the university-favored Bioterrorism Act, proposed by Senators Ted Kennedy (D- MA) and William Frist (R-TN), organizations would be required to register in order to use or transfer any biological agents or toxins. ...
• Rats, Birds, and Mice — The FY 2002 Agriculture Appropriations bill included language that placed a one-year moratorium on any proposed rulemaking that would modify the definition of "animal" in research to include rats, birds, and mice. However, because the moratorium lasts only one year, the issue will certainly resurface in 2002. ...
• This issue remains a favorite of President Bush and will be raised again in 2002. ...
• 3394, the Cyber-Security Research and Development Act, which provides significant increases for grants in extramural research at the NSF and National Institute of Standards and Technology. This bill has been favorably reported out of the committee and will be debated in 2002. ...

• 2002/2003 - The Year in Review.
• Counter-terrorism issues continue to dominate. The October 2002 Bali bombings by Jemaah Islamiyah demonstrated the presence of a highly capable terrorist group in our region. ...
• We contributed to the post-Bali investigation, deploying officers to Bali on 12 October 2002 and forming a team in Canberra to support the Australian Federal Police (AFP).
• Intelligence obtained in 2002-03 confirms Australia was viewed as a target by al-Qa’ida prior to 11 September and continues to be seen in this light.
• Our work on counter-terrorism continued to increase:.
• The National Security Hotline, established in December 2002, had referred 7 537 calls to ASIO by 30 June, of which 1 049 contained sufficient information to initiate investigations, and 141 are still being pursued.
• The number of Threat Assessments produced in 2002-03 rose 15% from 1786 to 2055. ...
• ASIO received 14 272 requests for personnel security assessments in 2002-03 — a 16% increase on 2001-02. ...
• We conducted in-house training courses to improve terrorism-related expertise and agent recruitment skills.
• I briefed the Parliamentary Joint Committee on ASIO, ASIS and DSD on developments in the War against International Terrorism (including the response to the Bali attacks) and regarding security arrangements in ASIO, ASIS and DSD.
• In October 2002 the Prime Minister requested the Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security review all relevant intelligence and associated intelligence assessment processes, to establish whether there was any forewarning of the Bali bombings. In his report, presented in December 2002, the Inspector-General advised no such intelligence had been received by Australian agencies.
• Counter-terrorism and the threat from Islamic extremism to Australia and Australian interests overseas will remain our key investigative priority.
• Our capacity to combat terrorism will be enhanced by the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Legislation Amendment (Terrorism) Act 2002, which authorises warrants to question (and in limited circumstances to detain) persons in order to investigate terrorism.
• 5m over four years that we received in the 2003-04 Budget, we will be able to improve our response to counter-terrorism priorities.

•  Financial Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001.
• 3004, the Financial Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001, provides the United States with new tools to combat the financing of terrorism and other financial crimes. ...
• financial institutions; (3) provides statutory authorization for the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), which analyzes reports filed by financial institutions on currency transactions and suspicious financial activity; (4) sets up a unit in FinCEN directed at oversight and analysis of hawalas and other underground black market banking systems; (5) makes it a crime to knowingly falsify one’s identity in opening an account at a financial institution and directs the Treasury to develop regulations to guide financial institutions in identifying account holders; (6) directs the Treasury Department to establish a secure web site to receive electronic filings of Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs) and provide financial institutions with alerts and other information regarding patterns of terrorist or other suspicious activity that warrant enhanced scrutiny; (7) requires Treasury to report quarterly to industry on how SARs are used to assist law enforcement in combating terrorism and other crimes; (8) authorizes intelligence agency access to reports filed by financial institutions and expands government access to consumer financial records and credit histories; (9) creates a public-private task force on terrorist financing; (10) sets a December 31, 2001, deadline for proposed regulations on SAR reporting requirements for broker-dealers and authorizes Treasury to require SARs of commodity futures traders; (11) authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to impose “special measures” if a foreign country, financial institution, transaction, or account is deemed to be a “primary money laundering concern”; (12) prohibits U. ... financial system) against foreign governments that refuse to cooperate in law enforcement efforts against terrorism and money laundering; and (17) updates U. ...
• Despite the provisions of the 1970 Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and various money laundering laws enacted since, the current money laundering regime appears to have been of little use in detecting or preventing the terrorist hijackers from operating freely in the United States. ...
• officials are taking to address the financial networks and transactions that support terrorism including: (1) investigating terrorist organizations and their supporters; (2) identifying assets to be blocked; (3) figuring out the methods terrorists use to move funds for operational support; (4) identifying the gaps in U. ... law enforcement and regulatory regimes that terrorists exploit in order to move funds; (5) sharing information with law enforcement agencies and other organizations around the world; and (6) utilizing the powers of existing laws and regulations, such as the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, the Bank Secrecy Act, and the Anti-Terrorism Act, to deprive terrorists access to any of funds or other financial assets in the United States.
• 3004 is drawn from two bills the Administration has forwarded to Congress: (1) the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001, which strengthens criminal provisions relating to financial support for terrorism, permits a broader confiscation of terrorist assets, authorizes the IRS to disclose certain tax records to law enforcement and intelligence agencies investigating terrorism, and applies financial crimes prohibitions to conduct committed abroad so long as the tools or proceeds of the crime pass through or are in the U. ... ; and (2) the Money Laundering Act of 2001, which strengthens criminal penalties for bulk cash smuggling, transfers from the Internal Revenue Code to the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 the Form 8300s that businesses must file on cash transactions over $10,000, and expands the list of foreign "predicate" offenses for money laundering to include public corruption and fraud against a foreign government.
• 3004 will cost about $36 million in fiscal year 2002 and about $210 million over the 2002-2006 period, mostly for FINCEN. ... Without such adjustments, CBO estimates that implementation would cost $202 million over the 2002-2006 period. ...

• July 23, 2002 .
• 2452: National Homeland Security and Combating Terrorism Act of 2002.
• 2452, the “National Homeland Security and Combating Terrorism Act of 2002. ...
• 5005, the “Homeland Security Act of 2002” that were added by the House Select Committee on Homeland Security at the urging of House Majority Leader Richard Armey (R-TX). ...   Another, contained in section 770 of the House bill, would bar the government from establishing, as part of the Bush Administration’s Citizen Corps, a massive national spying program called the Terrorism Information and Prevention System (TIPS). ...
•   We urge you to oppose amendments to weaken civil liberties and accountability principles in the areas of customs immunity and the Freedom of Information Act.
• Finally, we urge you to oppose a misguided proposal to exempt so-called “critical infrastructure” information submitted to the new Department from the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). ...
• Documents released under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) have for decades helped to expose to the public threats to health and safety that may never have come to light under the bill. ...
• This number is based on including the agencies in the President’s original proposal:  INS has 20,000 armed federal agents, the Customs Service has 13,000 armed federal agents, the United States Secret Service has 3,300, the Coast Guard has 36,000 employees who act in a law enforcement capacity and the FAA has 1,400. ...

• These proposals include the Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 2002 (P. ... 107-173), the USA PATRIOT Act (P. ... 107-56), the Customs Border Security Act of 2001 (H. ... 3129), and the Trade Adjustment Assistance Act of 2002 (S. ...
• The Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 2002 (P. ... The Act also addresses the need for increased interagency data sharing pertaining to the admissibility and removability of aliens through the development of an "interoperable electronic data system. ...
• Among its other major provisions, the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA: P. ... The Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 2002 requires (1) implementation of an integrated entry and exit database; (2) machine-readable, tamper-resistant travel documents that use biometric identifiers, such as fingerprints; (3) biometric data readers and scanners at all ports of entry; and (4)greater tracking of stolen passports. The Act also extends until September 30, 2002, the deadline for border crossing identification cards to contain a biometric identifier that matches the biometric characteristic of the card holder.
• In regard to the admission of aliens, the Act requires airline carriers to provide the Attorney General with electronic passenger manifests before arrival to or departure from the United States and repeals a provision that requires airport inspections be completed within 45 minutes of arrival. The Act authorizes a study to examine the feasibility of establishing a "North American Perimeter Security" program that would provide for increased cooperation with foreign governments on questions related to border security.
• Previously, Congress passed the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (P. ... Among other things, the Act:.
• For discussion of the provisions in this Act that expand the Attorney General's authority to detain aliens suspected of being engaged in terrorist activities see the Immigration Law section of this briefing book.
• In late May 2002, the House and Senate passed different versions of the Customs Border Security Act of 2002 as part of the Trade Act of 2002 (H. ... These bills include provisions designed to increase Customs' capacity in the areas of counter-terrorism, cyber-based child pornography and exploitation, and international trade management. ...

• Chemical and Biological Terrorism .
• Combating Terrorism: Considerations for Investing Resources in Chemical and Biological Preparedness, by the US General Accounting Office October 2001 report on the national preparedness against chemical and biological terrorist attack. ...
• The Bioterrorism Act of 2002, by the US Food and Drug Administration The US Congress responded to the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 by passing the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 (the Bioterrorism Act). This site offers the complete text of the act and information for plans to implementing the act.
• The War on Terrorism, by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Washington, DC, US This site offers information on chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons in the hands of terrorists, statements by experts and government stakeholders, and insight to the US national strategy for combating terrorism.
• gov/terrorism/index. ...
• US Homeland Security: CDC’s Oversight of the Select Agent Program November 2002 report by the US General Accounting Office on the effectiveness of measures taken to prevent bioterrorism attacks. ...
• The Terrorism Threat and US Government Response: Operational and Organizational Factors Collection of terrorism-related articles published by the US Air Force Institute for National Security Studies in March 2001. Among the issues considered are nuclear, chemical, and biological terrorism, the role of the military and intelligence services in countering terrorism, and cyber terrorism.
• mil/inss/terrorism. ...
• Agro-terrorism, by the Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) at the Monterey Institute of International Studies This site provides a chronology of attacks and incidents of deliberate use of chemical or biological weapons, information on states that have developed or are suspected of developing biological agents, and links to more articles, papers, and documents on the topic.
• Bioterrorism This site, provided by the CATO Institute, offers studies, opinion and commentary, television appearances, and events related to biological terrorism.
• org/current/terrorism/bioterrorism. ...
• Bioterrorism: Legal Issues This site, provided by the University of Pittsburgh's School of Law, offers information on international and US law on biological terrorism.
• edu/terrorism/terrorism5. ...
• Louis, US This site provides fact sheets on various biological agents, a fact sheet on chemical terrorism, official reports, online articles, case studies, news, and research.

• Government's fight against terrorism.
• 2002.
• Government's proposed Combatting Terrorism Act of 2001 that was introduced as a result of the September 11 terrorist attacks, in light of the 1948 Declaration. ...
• "Another response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks was the creation and implementation of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act. The Aviation and Transportation Security Act expanded the number of baggage screeners, imposed standards for their training, and made them federal employees for an interim period of time. Starting in January, 2002, all checked luggage was to be put through special explosives-detecting machines. In addition, the Aviation and Transportation Security Act increased the number of armed federal air marshals flying on domestic flights and required international airlines to turn over advance copies of their passenger lists to United States Customs officials for background checks to weed out suspected terrorists. ...
• TERRORISM POLICY HUMAN UNITED NATIONS FREEDOM INTERNATIONAL RIGHTS PRIVACY IDENTIFICATION CARD CONGRESS ACT MEASURES LAW SECURITY AIRPORT.

• November 22, 2002.
• Campus responds to satisfy range of new terrorism laws.
• As UC Davis responds to terrorist threats with new research and initiatives such as the proposed National Biocontainment Laboratory and the Western Institute for Food Safety and Security, it is also striving to come into compliance with new laws intended to combat terrorism.
• New laws include the USA-PATRIOT Act, passed by Congress soon after the 9/11 attacks; the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002; and the Enhanced Border Security and Visa Reform Act, which comes into force in 2003. But the federal government is also tightening regulations from older laws, such as the Export Control Act of 1979 and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations.
• The Patriot Act Compliance Team, chaired by police chief Calvin Handy, has the task of ensuring that the campus complies with the law. Spaur is co-chair of two subcommittees charged with implementing Patriot Act regulations on physical security and on human resources issues.
• The Patriot Act introduced broad new powers for law enforcement agencies to fight terrorism, broadened the scope of some existing statutes and toughened penalties for carrying out or supporting terrorist acts. ...
• The Patriot Act bans some groups of people, defined as "restricted persons," from working with select agents. ... Under the act, employers may have to conduct background checks on researchers working in sensitive areas to ensure that they do not fall into these categories.
• Department of Justice, or that the regulations might reduce the scope of the Act and require fewer background checks.
• The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Protection Act, together with the USDA Farm Bill, expands and implements parts of the Patriot Act. Under the Bioterrorism Act, UC is required to keep lists of agents and toxins that represent a potential hazard and follow tighter safety procedures for transporting and storing agents.
• The campus Patriot Act Security Commit-tee, chaired by Spaur and Foreman, is checking the locations of select agents on campus to ensure they are properly secured. ...
• For Bruno Olshausen, an associate professor at the Center for Neuroscience, such changes mean that he can’t take up a grant awarded in January 2002 by the Federal Aviation Administration to study how the brain recognizes objects. ...

• Transnational Crime and Terrorism.
• ASEAN Efforts to Counter Terrorism.
• (This paper was prepared for the UN - Counter-Terrorism Committee).
• ASEAN Leaders, at their 7th Summit on 5 November 2001 in Brunei Darussalam, adopted the 2001 ASEAN Declaration on Joint Action to Counter Terrorism. The ASEAN Leaders viewed terrorism as a profound threat to international peace and security and "a direct challenge to the attainment of peace, progress and prosperity of ASEAN and the realization of ASEAN Vision 2020". They expressed commitment to combat terrorism in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, other international laws and relevant UN resolutions. They also underlined that "cooperative efforts in this regard should consider joint practical counter-terrorism measures in line with specific circumstances in the region and in each member country".
• • Review and strengthen national mechanisms to combat terrorism;.
• • Call for the early signing/ratification of or accession to all relevant anti-terrorist conventions including the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism;.
• • Deepen cooperation among ASEAN’s front-line law enforcement agencies in combating terrorism and sharing "best practices";.
• • Study relevant international conventions on terrorism with the view to integrating them with ASEAN mechanisms on combating international terrorism;.
• • Discuss and explore practical ideas and initiatives to increase ASEAN's role in and involvement with the international community including extra-regional partners within existing frameworks such as the ASEAN + 3, the ASEAN Dialogue Partners and the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), to make the fight against terrorism a truly regional and global endeavour;.
• • Strengthen cooperation at the bilateral, regional and international levels in combating terrorism in a comprehensive manner and affirm that at the international level the United Nations should play a major role in this regard.
• The specific measures outlined in the Declaration have been incorporated in the Terrorism component of the Work Programme to Implement the ASEAN Plan of Action to Combat Transnational Crime adopted in May 2002. ...
• ASEAN is also carrying out training programmes and projects in counter terrorism in 2003, including on psychological operation/psychological warfare courses for law enforcement authorities and on intelligence procuring. ... In addition, ASEAN focal points on counter-terrorism have also been established.

•    a Better Place Combatting Terrorism.
• We invite submissions for our web site which apply behavior analysis to understanding terrorism, or to improving world ability to prevent or respond effectively to terrorism. ...
• However horrible, the number of deaths and destruction due to terrorism is much smaller than from actions by recognized governments, natural disasters, and disease. However, the apparent randomness of terrorist acts and the resulting innocent victims makes terrorism especially abhorrent, even though those killed or starved by established political entities, natural disaster or disease, are usually equally innocent. ...
• Terrorism bothers us out of proportion to its relative magnitude because we do not know what to do about it. ... What to do about terrorism is unknown. ...
• The significance of terrorism may also be due to the fact that terrorist acts may be like barometers. ...
• From a behavioral science point of view, confronting and responding to terrorism pose some difficult technical problems. ...
• Much terrorism involves those who are or consider themselves “have nots” acting against richer and more advanced countries or groups. ... The behavioral problem is how to correct these causal inequities or “perceptions,” thus reducing terrorism in the long run, without reinforcing terrorist behavior. ...
• But paradoxically, punishment, while reducing the punished behavior, may also increase aggressive behavior, and terrorism is aggressive behavior. ...
• The demands of investigative accuracy and legal and political process make such consequences, such as bombing a training site, delayed; the bombing happens days, weeks or months after the terrorist act. ... These issues all pose problems in responding to terrorism in ways that will have the precise effects we want and not untoward effects.
• And, like responses to actual terrorism, it may be difficult to do with surgical precision and avoidance of unwanted effects. A number of behavioral issues related to successfully dealing with terrorism have been briefly noted. ...

• G8 RECOMMENDATIONS ON COUNTER-TERRORISM .
• The G8 attaches the highest importance to preventing and combating terrorism. To assist in the effort, the G8 have defined a series of principles which provide guidance to strengthen capacities to combat terrorism. The following recommendations are the result of a revision of the Counter-Terrorism Experts Group 25 Measures, adopted in Paris in 1996. The revision was initiated by the United States, conducted by the G8 Counter-Terrorism Experts Group (Roma Group), and coordinated by the Canadian Presidency. ...
• The recommendations update the Counter-Terrorism Experts Group 25 Measures to address new terrorist threats as well as to complement the 40 Recommendations of the G8 crime group, known as the Lyon Group (1996). ... The revised Lyon Group Recommendations, now entitled the G8 Recommendations on Transnational Crime, were endorsed by G8 Ministers of Justice and the Interior (Mont-Tremblant, May 13-14, 2002). ...
• The following revised G8 Recommendations on Counter-Terrorism comprise standards, principles, best practices, actions and relationships that the G8 views as providing improvements to the mechanisms, procedures and networks that exist to protect our societies from terrorist threats. ...
• States should ensure that their strategies for combating terrorism are dynamic and sufficiently flexible and innovative to respond to the constantly changing challenges. ...
• SECTION 1: RAPID IMPLEMENTATION OF EXISTING COUNTER-TERRORISM INSTRUMENTS .
• Take actions to ensure, as rapidly as possible, full adherence to the following instruments relating to the prevention and suppression of terrorism: .
• the twelve United Nations conventions and protocols addressing counter-terrorism issues listed in the annex; .
• Become a party, if entitled, to the Council of Europe's Convention on Cybercrime (2001), ensuring full and rapid implementation of its terms, or, ensure the availability of a legal framework approximating the measures called for in the Convention, as it provides useful measures to combat attacks by terrorists and other criminals on computer systems, as well as to gather electronic evidence of terrorism and other crimes. ...
• SECTION 2: SUPPORT FOR ADDITIONAL MULTILATERAL COUNTER-TERRORISM INITIATIVES AND INSTRUMENTS .
• Work within the United Nations system to complete the draft UN Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism, and coordinate our efforts in this regard. ...
• Promote appropriate action in multilateral organizations of which we are members, including at the regional level, in order to usefully supplement counter-terrorism measures already taken or under development at the global level.

• Background: As part of new regulations enacted by the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 (PL 107-188), researchers are now required to register with the federal government and get approval to possess or use any pathogen or toxin defined as a â œselect agent. ...
• 6 (Additional Requirements for Facilities Transferring or Receiving Select Agents) stems from the "Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996" which requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to regulate the transfer of certain biological agents ("select agents") harmful to humans. ...
• This action is necessary to ensure that, as required by the Act, ongoing national defense research and educational efforts are not disrupted.
• USDA Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002 Web Site .
• Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 ---> .
• USA Patriot Act of 2002 .
• Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 .
• Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (Summary) Select Agent Rule (42 CFR Part 72)-April 1997---> .
• Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002; Listing of Biological Agents and Toxins and Requirements and Procedures for Notification of Possession (The USDA contact for this notice is Mr. ...
• ASM Comment and Information on the National Homeland Security and Combating Terrorism Act of 2002, S. ...

• Protecting Transportation from Terrorism 12/97 .
• GAO - Combating Terrorism .
• Draft Anti-terrorism Act of 2001 .
• The Patriot Act of 2001 .
• The Homeland Security Act of 2002 .
• Multi-state Anti-terrorism Information Exchange .
• September 2002 GAO Interim Report on the Response of Charities .
• The Red Cross Financial Statements for 2002 .
• Red Cross Financial 91101 Report (Released September 2002) .
• Terrorism and R & D.
• NASP Tops for Educators September 2002 .

• The following web sites provide information on the fight against terrorism, current U. ...
• President Bush Signs Homeland Security Act (November 25, 2002) .
• President's Remarks at the United Nations General Assembly (September 12, 2002) .
• Analysis for the Homeland Security Act of 2002 .
• Progress Report on the Global War on Terrorism (September 2003) .
• The National Security Strategy of the United States of America (September 20, 2002) .
• National Strategy for Homeland Security (July 16, 2002) .
• National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction (December 11, 2002) (pdf file: 414 KB) .
• National Strategy for Combating Terrorism (February 14, 2003) .
• The Center will ensure that government investigators, screeners and agents are working off the same unified, comprehensive set of anti-terrorist information - and that they have access to information and expertise that will allow them to act quickly when a suspected terrorist is screened or stopped. ...
• Response to Terrorism.
• Patterns of Global Terrorism 2002 (April 2003) .
• The Network of Terrorism (IIP) .
• Terrorism: Threat Assessment, Countermeasures and Policy (IIP Electronic Journal) .
• Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): War on Terrorism .
• The War on Terrorism.

• V State Terrorism vs. ...
• What is the difference between State terrorism and individual terrorist acts? If we understand this difference we'll understand also the evilness of the US policies in the Middle East and the forthcoming disasters. When Yassir Arafat was put under siege in his offices and kept hostage by the Israeli occupation forces, he was constantly pressed into condemning terror and combatting terrorism. Israel's State terrorism is defined by US officials as "self-defense", while individual suicide bombers are called terrorists.
• Arafat was blamed as responsible for this act, and the present IDF offensive has been justified through this accusation.
• But they cannot be compared to State terrorism carried out by the Israeli Government. ...
• Yet in the public debate, State terrorism and individual suicide bombs are not even considered as comparable cases of terrorism. ...
• © Spencer Creek Press, West By Northwest 2000-2002 All Rights Reserved unless otherwise noted.
• Norman Solomon considers India and Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons and Media Fog and the USA's "War On Terrorism": Winking At Nuclear Terror.
• Archive Late Spring 2002 .
• Early Spring 2002.
• Winter 2001-2002 .

• Europe's Response to Terrorism.
• There is no cause that can justify terrorism. ...
• “Europe and the United States have worked very hard together since September 11 to fight terrorism in any form, any place. ...
• -EU Cooperation Against Terrorism .
• State's Armitage Says Spanish Election Not Victory for Terrorism, Mar. ...
• Bush, Dutch Prime Minister Urge Solidarity Against Terrorism, Mar. ...
• Vienna Conference Calls for Greater Anti-Terrorism Cooperation, Mar. ...
• "The heinous acts of terrorism that caused immense human sufferings and huge material damage and losses in New York, Washington and Pennsylvania were perceived by the European citizens as brutal attacks to the ideals and principles of freedom and peace, to the institutions of democracy, to their own security and way of life. ...
• Expert Says International Alliances Against Terrorism Are Crucial, August 7, 2003 .
• Cooperation, coordination and collaboration between the United States and the global alliance combating terrorism has been invaluable and aggressive in using every means available -- from traditional law enforcement methods to exhaustive intelligence gathering, says U. ... The gulf between nations now separates those devoted to the rule of law from those devoted to the tyranny of terrorism. ...
• Ashcroft: Global Alliance Now Fighting Terrorism, Feb. ...
• WHO Warns of Food Supply Vulnerability to Terrorism, Jan. ...
• Security Council Calls for Intensified Fight Against Terrorism, Jan. ...
• Ashcroft Praises German-FBI Cooperation on Terrorism Investigation, Jan. ...
• Grossman Says OSCE Has Made Excellent Start against Terrorism, Dec. 6, 2002 .

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