Terrorism Reader Canada Among Nations 2002: A Fading Power The Sorrows of Empire : Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic [The American Empire Project ] Terrorism and Public Health: A Balanced Approach to Strengthening Systems and Protecting People Super-Terrorism: Assassins, Mobsters and Weapons of Mass Destruction Hearts and Minds: Irish Culture and Society Under the Act of Union (Princess Grace Irish Library, 13) Terrorism & International Law Blackstone's Guide to the Anti-Terrorism Legislation (Check Info and Delete This Occurrence: ºt Blackstone's Guide Series) Hijacking and Hostages : Government Responses to Terrorism

• Issue of Interest: Money Laundering and USA Patriot Act.
• In October 2001, President Bush signed into law the USA PATRIOT Act. Title III of the USA PATRIOT Act is the International Money Laundering Abatement and Anti-Terrorist Financing Act of 2001, which includes a number of amendments to the anti-money laundering provisions of the Bank Secrecy Act.
• ABA Statement On Final Rules Under Section 326 Of The USA Patriot Act (April 30, 2003) .
• ABA Unveils Industry Resource Guide to Further Combat Terrorism at the Account-Opening Stage (February 12, 2002) .
• Banks Support Anti-Terrorism Legislation Cleared by Congress(October 25, 2001) .
• ABA Comment Letter to FinCEN regarding section 326 of USA Patriot Act(September 6, 2002) pdf .
• ABA Comment Letter to FinCEN regarding section 314 of USA Patriot Act .
• (April 2, 2002) pdf  .
• ABA Resource Guide: Identification and Verification of Account Holders(February 12, 2002) pdf  .
• 3004, the "Financial Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001"(October 16, 2001) .
• House of Representatives (February 12, 2002)  .

• Israel's State Terrorism.
• Alternative Information Center (AIC) 31 March 2002    Centre for Research on Globalisation (CRG),  globalresearch. ca , 5  April 2002 .
• What is the difference between State terrorism and individual terrorist acts? If we understand this difference we'll understand also the evilness of the US policies in the Middle East and the forthcoming disasters.
• When Yassir Arafat was put under siege in his offices and kept hostage by the Israeli occupation forces, he was constantly pressed into condemning terror and combatting terrorism. Israel's State terrorism is defined by US officials as "self-defense", while individual suicide bombers are called terrorists.
• Arafat was blamed as responsible for this act, and the present IDF offensive has been justified through this accusation.
• But they cannot be compared to State terrorism carried out by the Israeli Government. ...
• Yet in the public debate, State terrorism and individual suicide bombs are not even considered as comparable cases of terrorism. ...

• Mont-Tremblant, May 13-14, 2002 Chairpersons’ Summary.
• The Ministers of Justice and the Interior of the G8 countries, the Procurator General of the Russian Federation and the Commissioner for Justice and Home Affairs of the European Union met May 13 and 14 in Mont-Tremblant, Quebec, Canada to discuss the protection of our society from international terrorism and crime. ...
• Combatting Terrorism .
• Following the tragic events of September 11, 2001, G8 Leaders requested that their relevant Ministers develop measures to fight terrorism. The measures undertaken, which are within our collective scope of responsibility, are outlined in a report entitled G8 Justice and Interior Ministers’ Progress Report on Counter Terrorism. ...
• We highlighted the importance of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, the UN Security Council Resolution 1373 and the eight recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force as the basis of a framework for taking domestic and international action to combat terrorist financing. ... We recognize that anti-money laundering measures developed to combat organized crime may also be useful in combatting terrorist financing. ...
• We confirmed the value of the 24/7 network, established by the G8, to provide a network, of experienced contacts among participating States who are available around the clock to cooperate in high-tech criminal and terrorism investigations. ...
• Considering the Convergence of Crime and Terrorism .
• We share the view that the events of September 11 underscore the importance of a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach in order to understand the links between international crime and terrorism. Such an approach will also maximize the use of domestic and international tools to combat both terrorism and crime.
• In particular, we asked our experts to continue their examination into apparent and potential links between terrorism and human smuggling, travel document fraud, drug trafficking, illicit trafficking in firearms and money laundering. ... While there may be common elements between international terrorism and crime, and some tools can be used to address both, we should nevertheless continue to distinguish between them and address them as separate threats to public safety. ...
• We reviewed our efforts to improve our mechanisms to provide international legal cooperation, and take note of the conference on Judicial Cooperation held April 5 in Paris and which allowed G8 exchange of new forms of legal cooperation and, in particular to reflect on requirements to improve the international fight against terrorism. We endorse the proposed follow-up action from this Conference and call on our legal experts to continue their work to identify and remove obstacles to combatting terrorism and transnational crime. ...
• In order to achieve a comprehensive and effective global response to terrorism and transnational crime, we emphasized the importance of assisting other countries in developing their legal and law enforcement capacities to combat these threats. ...

• --> Date Prev Date Next Thread Prev Thread Next Date Index Thread Index Re: Query: Terrorist Elimination Act.
• Subject: Re: Query: Terrorist Elimination Act .
• Date: Sun, 05 May 2002 11:03:40 -0700 .
• Terrorism Elimination Act of 2001 (Introduced in the House) H. ... ) > on 5/4/02 12:18 AM, Harjit Singh at hsinghv@xxxxxxxxx wrote: >> >=20 >> > I was wondering if the Terrorist Elimination Act of the USA has passed= , or >> > something similar to it has been enacted post September 11. ... Terrorism is no exception. Below is a list of Terrorism Bills (not all inclusive). ... Thus, the thought processes =AD at the senior executive level =AD have not matured to the point yet where they clearly understand the scope and nature of the tools employed against terrorism or the reasons why that have not worked in the past. Keeping this in mind, there is no reasonable expectation that Congress (either the House or the Senate) will be of any operational value in terms of legislation that promotes advanced operations in CI directed towards the detection, identification, exploitation or neutralization (DIEN) of terrorism (or any other target of CI) in the near term. ... Best Regards, Rocco Rosano Terrorism Bill Listing: 1. ... Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives regarding the grav= e danger of domestic terrorism and the need for improved organization in the executive branch and Congress to. ... Terrorism Elimination Act of 2001 (Introduced in the House) H. ... Agricultural Terrorism Prevention and Response Act of 2001 (Introduced in the House) H. ... Environmental Terrorism Reduction Act (Introduced in the House) H.
• Previous by thread: Query: Terrorist Elimination Act .

• Almaty Act.
• Reaffirming our commitment to the UN Charter, as well as to the Declaration on the Principles Guiding Relations Among CICA Member States, which is an integral part of the Almaty Act, as the basis for our future co-operation;.
• Confident that full, equal and comprehensive implementation and observance of the principles, provisions and commitments enshrined in the Almaty Act will create the conditions for advanced co-operation among the CICA Member States and will guide us towards a better future, which our peoples deserve;.
• The Member States unconditionally and unequivocally condemn terrorism in all its forms and manifestations as well as any support or acquiescence to it and the failure to directly condemn it. The threat posed by terrorism has been increasingly growing over the last decade. Terrorism in all its forms is a trans-national threat, which endangers the lives of individuals and peoples and undermines the territorial integrity, unity, sovereignty and security of states. The menace of terrorism has been magnified by its close links with drug trafficking, illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons (SALWs) and their transfers in any form to terrorist groups, racist ideologies, separatism, all forms of extremism which present basic sources of financing and providing manpower for terrorist activities. We regard as criminal all acts, methods and practices of terrorism and declare our determination to co-operate on bilateral as well as multilateral basis to combat terrorism including its possible sources. In order to eradicate this menace to peace and security, we shall reinforce and unite our efforts in order not to allow terrorism in any form to be prepared, assisted, launched and financed from the territory of any state and we shall refuse to provide terrorists with safe haven and protection.
• We recognise that implementation of the UN Conventions will contribute to tackling the problems of terrorism and support the elaboration of a Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism.
• In order to provide follow-up and administrative support for regular meetings and political consultations and other activities mentioned in the Almaty Act, we support the establishment of a Secretariat of the CICA. ...
• Done in Almaty, June 4, 2002.

• Terrorism Studies - Conventions & Laws.
• Political Science >  Terrorism > Conventions.
• UN Action Against Terrorism.
• UN symposium examines strategies to combat terrorism (25 October 2001) .
• Progress reported at UN negotiations on new anti-terrorism treaties (18 October 2001) .
• UN Action Against Terrorism.
• Progress reported at UN negotiations on new anti-terrorism treaties (18 October 2001) .
• International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism.
• ICT is unique in that it focuses solely on the subject of counter-terrorism. All of its efforts and resources are dedicated to approaching the issue of terrorism globally - that is, as a strategic problem that faces not only Israel but other countries as well. ...
• Counter-Terrorism .
• Terrorism & Law .
• American Society of International Law - Resources on Terrorism.
• "Articles (1990-2001) from the ASIL Library on Legal Aspects of Terrorism" .
• International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (1999) .
• The Homeland Security Act Of 2002 . ...

• COST ESTIMATE   August 14, 2002.
• National Homeland Security and Combating Terrorism Act of 2002 .
• As ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs on July 25, 2002  .
• 2452 would establish the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to promote homeland security, prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce the United States' vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage and assist in the recovery from any attacks or other natural or man-made disasters that occur within the United States. ... 2452 also would establish a National Office for Combating Terrorism within the Executive Office of the President to coordinate threat assessments, to craft and oversee a National Strategy to Combat Terrorism, and to plan and coordinate the budget to combat terrorism. ...
• 6 billion is in addition to projected net spending for ongoing activities of the transferred agencies--about $19 billion in 2002, growing to over $33 billion by 2007 under CBO's baseline assumptions. ...
• 2452 contains an intergovernmental mandate as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA), but CBO estimates that the cost to comply with the mandate would not exceed the threshold established in that act ($58 million in 2002, adjusted annually for inflation). ...
• The first two lines of the table show funding for the agencies and programs to be transferred at the CBO baseline levels (that is, the 2002 appropriation adjusted for anticipated inflation in succeeding years). ... 5 billion that was provided by the 2002 Supplemental Appropriations Act for Further Recovery From and Response To Terrorist Attacks on the United States. That legislation was signed by the President on August 2, 2002. ...
• 2002.
• The 2002 level is the amount appropriated for that year for agencies that would be combined to form the Department of Homeland Security, including $6. 5 billion from the 2002 Supplemental Appropriations Act for Further Recovery From and Response To Terrorist Attacks on the United States. The estimated authorization levels for 2003 through 2007 are CBO baseline estimates that adjust the amounts appropriated for 2002 for anticipated inflation. ...
• These costs are in addition to those that would be incurred by the National Office for Combating Terrorism, which we assume would succeed the existing Office of Homeland Security. ...
• For example, spending on information technology by four of the agencies that would constitute the DHS would grow from more than $350 million in 2002 to around $800 million in 2003 under the President's budget request. ...

• • Terrorism and unintended consequences.
• Terrorism and unintended consequences .
• law intended to combat terrorism by providing more regulatory control over imported food and beverages may place an unanticipated chokehold on fine-wine imports, especially those by smaller importers that handle the wines of artisanal producers. ...
• 11, 2001, a portion of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 is intended to protect against terrorism by keeping an official eye on incoming cargo shipments. ...
• Some wine-business insiders fear that provisions of this Act may cause serious problems for small businesses that import wines. ...
• The problem, experts say, lies in the detailed and precise level of recording and reporting that the Act will require. ...
• One industry source called the Act "extreme," categorizing it as a classic non-tariff barrier to trade. ...
• If you prefer to read primary sources, you'll find the relevant provisions of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 online in a letter from the director of FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition:.

• 10, 2002 02:06 PM Permalink.
• I would feel better about our government's efforts to fight terrorism if I heard much more discussion of decentralized solutions, and an economic and organizational plan that blended centralized and decentralized approaches to the problems of terrorism. ...
• But do we really believe that terrorists -- who presumably have heard about the DHS -- will act in the future in any way that would trigger DHS or TIA attention? .
• Does this really prevent terrorism? Do we believe that no terrorist could ever enter the country without creating a record, bring gold or drugs or something else to convert to cash on the black market, buy a round-trip ticket rather than a one-way ticket, and so forth? It seems obvious that even if centralized data collection, analysis, and response help the problem, they certainly do not solve the problem. ...
• Furthermore, is it really the best thing for the country for the FBI, the CIA, and now the DHS to focus so intently on preventing terrorism from Washington? I was taken aback to read in the November 21st New York Times that. ...
• Rather than focusing exclusively on centralizing, we also need to concentrate resources on training local law enforcement officers how to better spot and combat terrorism; that is, how to be more like the Port Angeles Customs Inspector. Rather than sucking all possible data sources into the Pentagon or the DHS, we could distribute knowledge to the local -- far more numerous -- law enforcement resouces who are far more likely to be able to prevent terrorism. ...
• We could be improving the ability of local law enforcement to detect terrorism -- but instead we're degrading that ability, since we're shifting the FBI's traditional crime-fighting work onto local resources. ...
• Watch lists and signals intelligence and data warehousing almost certainly are key tools for fighting terrorism. ...
• I'd love to know 2002-12-11 04:29:17 anonymous Reply | View Are there any Centralized terrorists? Surely it is essential to the operation of terrorism that it is decentralized? .

• Funding for Homeland Security and Combating Terrorism Since 9-11.
• Published 09/24/2002.
• Funding for Homeland Security and Combating Terrorism Since 9-11 .
• Kosiak --> Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the Bush Administration and Congress have provided some $64 billion in emergency supplemental funding for programs and activities related to homeland security and combating terrorism. Another $24 billion was provided for related activities in the regular fiscal year (FY) 2002 annual appropriations bills. ...
• The definition used in this analysis includes funding identified as related to homeland security and combating terrorism in a variety of administration and congressional documents. ...
• In keeping with the administration’s use of the term “homeland security,” the estimates provided in this analysis focus on efforts related to preventing terrorist attacks within the United States, reducing America’s vulnerability to terrorism, minimizing the damage from such attacks, and improving our ability to recover from and respond to terrorist attacks. ... However, again consistent with the administration’s definition, as used here, “combating terrorism” includes efforts to combat terrorism overseas. It also includes the cost of fighting the war in Afghanistan, which is included in some, but not all, administration descriptions of the cost of combating terrorism. ...
• Funding for homeland security and combating terrorism grew from $20 billion a year or less, prior to the terrorist attacks of 9-11, to some $70 billion in FY 2002. ...
• In recent years, DoD has received about one-third of the federal funding for homeland security and combating terrorism provided through the regular annual appropriations bills. ... The next largest recipients of non-emergency funding for homeland security and combating terrorism in recent years have been the Departments of Transportation and Justice. ...
• Programs and activities closely related to homeland security and combating terrorism continue to absorb a relatively small share of DoD’s overall budget. ...
• If policymakers are to effectively determine how much funding needs to be provided for homeland security and combating terrorism in the future, the administration will have to begin providing substantially more detailed, comprehensive, and clear data and cost estimates concerning these missions than it has to date. ...
• According to OMB estimates, prior to the terrorist attacks of 9-11, the administration and Congress had provided about $20 billion for homeland security and combating terrorism in FY 2001. ... OMB estimates that the regular annual appropriations bills for FY 2002 included some $24 billion for homeland security and combating terrorism. ... 107-117), signed by the president in January 2002, that included an additional $20 billion in FY 2002 funding related to these missions. ... 107-206) that included some $24 billion in additional FY 2002 funding. Thus, altogether, Congress and the administration have provided about $68 billion in funding for homeland security and combating terrorism in FY 2002. ...

• Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001.
•     (1) At any time before 1st July 2002, an authorised Minister may by regulations make provision- .
• (c) any framework decision adopted under Article 34 of the Treaty on European Union on the execution in the European Union of orders freezing property or evidence, on joint investigation teams, or on combatting terrorism, and.
•     (3) The provision that may be made under subsection (1) includes, subject to subsection (4), any such provision (of any such extent) as might be made by Act of Parliament.
•     (2) The Scottish Ministers are authorised Ministers for any purpose for which powers under section 111(1) are exercisable within devolved competence (within the meaning of the Scotland Act 1998 (c. ...
• and in this subsection expressions used in the Government of Wales Act 1998 (c. 38) have the same meaning as in that Act.
• Intelligence Services Act 1994.
• Amendments of Intelligence Services Act 1994.
•     (1) In section 7 of the Intelligence Services Act 1994 (c. ...
•     "(9) For the purposes of this section the reference in subsection (1) to an act done outside the British Islands includes a reference to any act which- .
• and in this subsection "apparatus" has the same meaning as in the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (c. ...
•     (3) In section 11(1A) of that Act (prevention and detection of crime to have the same meaning as in Chapter 1 of Part 1 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000), for the words from "for the purposes of this Act" to the end of the subsection substitute- .
• "(a) for the purposes of section 3 above, as it applies for the purposes of Chapter 1 of Part 1 of that Act; and.
• (b) for the other purposes of this Act, as it applies for the purposes of the provisions of that Act not contained in that Chapter. ...
• Terrorism Act 2000.

• Background Notes - TRANSPARENCY TO COMBAT TERRORISM AND INTERNATIONAL CRIME .
• TRANSPARENCY TO COMBAT TERRORISM AND INTERNATIONAL CRIME .
• New Delhi, October 21, 2002 ----- Excerpts from a speech by British Foreign Office Minister Denis MacShane at a conference on 'Fighting Financial Crime' in London on 15 October 2002. ...
• COMBATTING MONEY LAUNDERING .
• This number is likely almost to double in 2002. ...
• Separately, we are bringing in major new legislation in the Proceeds of Crime Act, which received Royal Assent on 24 July 2002. Amongst its many provisions it brings together and strengthens in one Act the existing anti money laundering provisions contained in the Drug Trafficking Act 1994 and Criminal Justice Act 1988, and improves legislation on investigation powers, restraint and confiscation procedures and money laundering offences. ...
• TERRORISM .
• We have also developed our legislation to combat the finance of terrorism. Since September 11th, we have strengthened our existing provisions in a variety of areas, primarily under the Anti Terrorism Crime and Security Act 2001. ...
• Of course we place particular emphasis on combating the financing of terrorism. The UK is using its position as chairman of the Security Council's Counter-Terrorism Committee to keep this firmly on the agenda. This committee has assessed that counter-terrorism legislation and measures to combat terrorist financing should be the highest priorities for states in the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1373. ... Programmes presently being funded in this area of work are the development of counter-terrorism legislation for 48 states who have requested such assistance through the CTC; delivery of a programme of assistance by the UK Charity Commission to help strengthen specific countries' charity regulatory mechanisms to ensure their activities cannot be misused to support terrorism; and a range of projects being offered to overseas law enforcement agencies to identify, investigate and counter terrorist financing activities. ...
• 2002 .

• September 4, 2002.
• In addition to creating a new Federal Department of Homeland Security, the National Homeland Security and Combatting Terrorism Act of 2002 would establish a National Emergency Technology Guard, a center for technology evaluation, and an online database for legal immigrants to check their status with the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) – all concepts introduced by Wyden since the September 11 attacks. ...
• In June, the Senate passed Wyden's Science and Technology Emergency Mobilization Act (S. ...
• The Senate's homeland security bill also incorporates in full the Immigration Reform, Accountability, Security and Enforcement Act of 2002, first introduced by Sen. ...
• "As we seek to protect our nation against terrorism, we must ensure that those who are welcome in this country are treated with respect and guaranteed access to their personal information," Wyden said. ...

• Archives for September 2002 .
• So-called Muslims changed the numbers 9 and 11 forever by killing 3,000 innocent people -- an act of suicide and murder so clearly against Islam and in defiance of the liberating spirit of Islam that guided their ancestors to invent numbers. ...
• --> One Year Later: Evaluating Muslim Responses to 9/11 by Shahed Amanullah - Immediately after the terrorist acts of one year ago, Muslims leaders and activists worked very hard to distance themselves from the violence on the East Coast, trying desparately to explain what "true Islam" is and to emphasize that Islam condemns acts of terrorism. In the face of smearing by pundits, all-terrorism-all-the-time newscasts, and very real (although thankfully sparse) hate crimes, Muslims committed their energy to two goals: distancing American Muslims from terrorists, and combatting hate and discrimination. ... And with the calls for tolerance and respect towards Muslims long gone, the Muslim-haters are out tarring us with the brush of terrorism more than ever before. ... We needed to be a part of the solution to terrorism, not just simply brushing it off as if it weren't our problem. ...
• - December 2002.
• - November 2002.
• - October 2002.
• - September 2002.
• - August 2002.
• - March 2002.
• - February 2002.

• - 1974-2002 .
• Beazley Outlines Labor's Approach To Combatting Global Terrorism.
• In relation to border protection he said: "We need a dedicated and strong Coast Guard, on station 52 weeks a year, to act as a maritime police force and a coastal defence force in times of war or national emergency. ...
• This is the full text of the announcement made today by the Federal Opposition: Labor's Approach To Combatting The New Threats To Our Nation And Fighting Global Terrorism.
• After the attacks of 11 September in the United States, no-one seriously questions the need to confront the new threats to our national security and fight global terrorism.
• On 13 September, I announced a proposed national anti-terrorism programme, partly drawn from work Labor had been doing prior to the attacks. ...
• During the election campaign proper, I will announce the specific policies that Labor will pursue to strengthen our national security, combat the new threats to our nation and fight global terrorism.
• Combatting Terrorism - Tracking and responding to global terrorist networks more aggressively than we ever have before.
• We need a dedicated and strong Coast Guard, on station 52 weeks a year, to act as a maritime police force and a coastal defence force in times of war or national emergency. ...
• Protecting Our Nation's Information Infrastructure: We need to strengthen our national capabilities to defend against "cyber-terrorism" - electronic attacks by terrorist groups on our nation's information infrastructure. ...
• Combatting Terrorism.
• Boosting Intelligence Resources Targeted Against Terrorism: Labor will further upgrade the collection and assessment resources of our national intelligence and security agencies devoted to tracking transnational criminal organisations which threaten our way of life. These activities involve some or all of terrorism, drug trafficking, organised crime, people smuggling, arms smuggling, and the potential theft and sale of nuclear, chemical and biological material. ...
• Strengthening Law Enforcement Efforts Against Terrorism: Labor has already announced that it will integrate strategic law enforcement into our national security arrangements. ... Labor has already announced that it will consider specific anti-terrorist legislation, broadly comparable to the UK Domestic Terrorism Act 2000. ...
• Cracking Down on the Financing of Terrorism: We need to implement criminal sanctions against any entity which provides or collects funds with the intention or in the knowledge that they are to be used to support terrorist activity. The Commonwealth must be able to identify, freeze or seize funds used to finance terrorism and, subject to safeguards, cooperate with other countries in the exchange of financial information and the extradition of alleged offenders. Australia must sign and ratify the relevant international convention on cracking down on the financing of terrorism (see next point). ...

• Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA).
• News | Overview of FISA | USA-PATRIOT Act Amendments | Government Appeal | Resources News.
• According to the 2002 FISA Annual Report from the Attorney General, "All 1228 applications presented to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court in 2002 were approved. ...
• Surveillance Oversight Act Introduced. Members of the Senate Judiciary Committee have introduced the Domestic Security Oversight Act (pdf). The bill would increase the public reporting requirements of the Department of Justice on its implementation of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. ...
• The American Bar Association has adopted a resolution calling on Congress to conduct oversight of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act to ensure that government investigations do not violate Constitutional protections. The ABA also urged Congress to require annual reports for FISA investigations, comparable to those required by the federal wiretap act. ...
• 18, 2002) .
• A recently disclosed FBI memo reveals that agents illegally videotaped suspects, intercepted e-mails without court permission, recorded the wrong phone conversations, and allowed electronic surveillance operations to run beyond their legal deadline, during sensitive terrorism investigations. ... 10, 2002) .
• 20, 2002) .
• In a published opinion (also available in PDF), the secretive Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Court sharply criticized the DOJ and FBI for providing the tribunal misleading information in 75 cases. ... The Court said that DOJ substituted relaxed foreign intelligence gathering wiretapping procedures to evade higher requirements for standard criminal investigations: "The 2002 procedures appear to be designed to amend the law and substitute the FISA for Title III electronic surveillances…" The Court continues to say that this may be because "…the government is unable to meet the substantive requirements of these law enforcement tools. ... 23, 2002) .
• In 1978, Congress passed the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), which establishes a separate legal regime for "foreign intelligence" surveillance. ...

• Combating Terrorism , 2001.
• Term Paper on Combating Terrorism, Counter Terrorism measures, info taken from interviews, observations, and Congressional Reports. ...
• Policy Rights in the Aftermath of September 11 , 2002.
• Government's fight against terrorism. ...
• Government's proposed Combatting Terrorism Act of 2001 that was introduced as a result of the September 11 terrorist attacks, in light of the 1948 Declaration. ...
• "Another response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks was the creation and implementation of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act. The Aviation and Transportation Security Act expanded the number of baggage screeners, imposed standards for their training, and made them federal employees for an interim period of time. Starting in January, 2002, all checked luggage was to be put through special explosives-detecting machines. In addition, the Aviation and Transportation Security Act increased the number of armed federal air marshals flying on domestic flights and required international airlines to turn over advance copies of their passenger lists to United States Customs officials for background checks to weed out suspected terrorists. ...
• The Impact of the Terrorist Attacks on New York City , 2002.
• Table of Contents Introduction Literature Review Consumer Behavior and Risk Terrorism and Consumerism in the Melting Pot How has September 11 Impacted Americans Economic Impact of terrorism Outlook for the New York Economy Rationale for Study Methodology Examination of the Effects on Business Regaining Consumer Confidence Sampling Procedures Survey Construction Chapter 4 - Survey results Chapter 5 - Analysis Chapter 6 - Conclusion Chapter 7 - Recommendations for Further Studies Bibliography Appendices Appendix I - Survey of Consumer Patterns After The September 11 attacks on the World Trade Towers Appendix II - Survey Results presented Graphically Appendix III - Store Owner Interviews .
• "A team at Carnegie Mellon University conducted a study immediately following September 11 to assess the public reaction and to assess the role that the media played in this reaction (Thomas, 2002). ...
• Aftermath of September 11th , 2002.
• Media Coverage of Third Party Political Candidates , 2002.
• A look at how, since the late 1960s, militant Basque nationalists have used terrorism in an attempt to gain independence and how Spain has responded with police crack-downs and repression. ...

• NATIONAL HOMELAND SECURITY AND COMBATING TERRORISM ACT OF 2002, S. ...
• 803, E-Government Act of 2001.
• The amended version was reported out of Committee on March 21, 2002. ...
• Anti-Terrorist Financing Act of 2001 SA 1872.
• An Amendment to the Aviation Security Act .

• Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Enrolled as Agreed to or Passed by Both House and Senate) .
• Nothing in this Act shall be construed as exempting the Department from requirements applicable with respect to executive agencies--.
• (1) to provide equal employment protection for employees of the Department (including pursuant to the provisions in section 2302(b)(1) of title 5, United States Code, and the Notification and Federal Employee Antidiscrimination and Retaliation Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-174)); or.
• (2) to provide whistleblower protections for employees of the Department (including pursuant to the provisions in section 2302(b)(8) and (9) of such title and the Notification and Federal Employee Antidiscrimination and Retaliation Act of 2002).
• (a) IN GENERAL- The transfer of an authority or an agency under this Act to the Department of Homeland Security does not affect training agreements already entered into with the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center with respect to the training of personnel to carry out that authority or the duties of that transferred agency.
• (b) CONTINUITY OF OPERATIONS- All activities of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center transferred to the Department of Homeland Security under this Act shall continue to be carried out at the locations such activities were carried out before such transfer.
• SENSE OF CONGRESS REAFFIRMING THE CONTINUED IMPORTANCE AND APPLICABILITY OF THE POSSE COMITATUS ACT.
• (1) Section 1385 of title 18, United States Code (commonly known as the `Posse Comitatus Act'), prohibits the use of the Armed Forces as a posse comitatus to execute the laws except in cases and under circumstances expressly authorized by the Constitution or Act of Congress.
• (2) Enacted in 1878, the Posse Comitatus Act was expressly intended to prevent United States Marshals, on their own initiative, from calling on the Army for assistance in enforcing Federal law.
• (3) The Posse Comitatus Act has served the Nation well in limiting the use of the Armed Forces to enforce the law.
• (4) Nevertheless, by its express terms, the Posse Comitatus Act is not a complete barrier to the use of the Armed Forces for a range of domestic purposes, including law enforcement functions, when the use of the Armed Forces is authorized by Act of Congress or the President determines that the use of the Armed Forces is required to fulfill the President's obligations under the Constitution to respond promptly in time of war, insurrection, or other serious emergency.
• (5) Existing laws, including chapter 15 of title 10, United States Code (commonly known as the `Insurrection Act'), and the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U. ...
• (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS- Congress reaffirms the continued importance of section 1385 of title 18, United States Code, and it is the sense of Congress that nothing in this Act should be construed to alter the applicability of such section to any use of the Armed Forces as a posse comitatus to execute the laws.
• COORDINATION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES UNDER THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE ACT.
• (a) IN GENERAL- The annual Federal response plan developed by the Department shall be consistent with section 319 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U. ...

• 8 July 2002.
• Pre-trial proceedings appear to have been flawed and the scheduling of hearings of the forthcoming trial, due to commence on 8 July 2002, indicates that the speed at which the trial is to be conducted may violate the defendants= right to present a full defence. ...
• United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson said on 20 March 2002: "I am particularly concerned that counter-terrorism strategies pursued after September 11 2001 have sometimes undermined efforts to enhance respect for human rights. ...
• Amnesty International fears that the trial due to start on 8 July 2002, apparently one of the first in India under the Prevention of Terrorism Act 2002 (POTA), will have a signal effect for scores of other cases being brought under POTA in India and believes that it should therefore be subjected to very careful scrutiny. ...
• Abdul Rehman Geelani filed an application to the Additional Sessions Judge on 31 May 2002 requesting that the discrepancies contained in the charge sheet be clarified before charges were framed. This application was placed on record but was not taken into account before charges were framed on 4 June 2002.
• The media coverage which largely presented Geelani as guilty before the trial had even begun, must be presumed to impact negatively on Abdul Rehman Geelani= s right to be presumed innocent as required by Article 14(2) of the ICCPR and on the impartiality of the POTA court which is to hear the case from 8 July 2002. Reports have alleged that Abdul Rehman Geelani had bought a house in New Delhi with unaccounted for money (Hindustan Times, 17 December 2001), indoctrinated students in > terrorism= (Hindustan Times, The Hindu, both 17 December 2001) and participated in activities of the now banned Students Islamic Movement of India (Times of India, 20 December 2001); human rights activists in India have pointed out that these allegations are untrue. ...
• On 2 July 2002, Mohammad Afzal filed a statement in court withdrawing his confessional statement which he declared had been written by the Deputy Commissioner of Police.
• There are some 180 witnesses to be examined and the schedule presented to the lawyers of the defendants lists 10 witnesses to be heard on 8 July 2002, 11 witnesses on the next day and so on, with all witnesses to be heard on consecutive days within two weeks. ...
• Amnesty International is particularly concerned that several provisions of POTA undermine the principle of presumption of innocence: Section 4, under which Geelani is charged, raises an irrebuttable presumption that if a person is found in unauthorised possession of explosive substances, such possession is automatically connected with "terrorist acts" and the offence, normally punishable under the Explosive Substances Act, becomes triable under the POTA's special provisions, where few legal safeguards and heavier sentences upon conviction apply. ... Similarly, section 49(6) and (7) of the Act provides that no person accused of an offence should be released on bail unless the public prosecutor has been given an opportunity to oppose the application for such release and that where the public prosecutor opposes bail, it should not be granted unless "the court is satisfied that there are grounds for believing that the accused is not guilty of committing such offence". ...
• Amnesty International is concerned that in POTA the act of "inviting support" for a "terrorist organization" is made an offence, without a definition of what this act may include. ... The Act therefore is potentially leading to violations of the rights of freedom of expression established in article 19 of the ICCPR. ...
• Amnesty International believes that section 32 of POTA, providing for confessions made to a police officer to be admissible in trial, subverts standards for assessing evidence set by Indian statutory law and upheld in the Indian Evidence Act, which clearly excludes such confessions from evidence at trial. Expressing its view on an identical section contained in the Prevention of Terrorism Bill, 2000, the NHRC stated that:.

• Terrorism Incidents and Significant Dates .
• Terrorism Bibliography .
• Homeland Security Act of 2002. January 2002. ...
• This act establishes the Department of Homeland Security. ...
• Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002. 2002. ...
• This act addresses the following areas: National preparedness for bioterrorism and other public health emergencies, enhancing controls on dangerous biological agents and toxins, protecting safety and security of food and drug supply, drinking water security and safety, and additional provisions. ...
• Aviation and Transportation Security Act (2001). ...
• Bioterrorism Preparedness Act of 2001. ...
• This act addresses the following areas: National Goals for Bioterrorism Preparedness, Improving the Federal Response to Bioterroris, Improving State and Local Preparednes, Developing New Countermeasures Against Bioterrorism, and Protecting the Safety and Security of the Food Supply. ...
• Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001. ...
• The Act also provides law enforcement with better capabilities to find terrorists and terrorist suspects. ...
• Victims of Terrorism Tax Relief Act of 2001. ...
• This act will provide tax relief to families of those killed in the attacks on September 11th, the anthrax attacks after September 11th, and the Oklahoma City bombing. ...
• Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, Pub. ...

• Terrorism Documents .
• Documents Related to the Work of the Counter-Terrorism Committee This official UN site offers terrorism-related reports and related documents, resolutions and presidential statements, documents from the Counter-Terrorism Committee, press releases, speaking notes, and information on UN Security Council meetings on terrorism.
• Global Programme against Terrorism: Momentum for Increased International Action against Terrorism This site, provided by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime, offers links to the UN conventions, resolutions, and protocols related to terrorism, and information on the UN bodies dealing with terrorism.
• org/unodc/en/terrorism. ...
• Terrorism: Documents This official UN site provides important UN treaties related to terrorism, statistics, and an extensive collection of other key documents on terrorism.
• UN Action against Terrorism: Declarations This site offers UN declarations on terrorism.
• org/terrorism/declarations. ...
• United Nations Conventions on Terrorism This official UN site provides the full text versions of the UN conventions related to terrorism.
• org/English/Terrorism. ...
• 2003 Report to Congress on Combating Terrorism Unclassified report prepared by the US Office of Management and Budget on government-wide spending to combat terrorism domestically and overseas. The report examines executive branch spending from 2002 to 2004.
• Antiterrorism Assistance (ATA) Program: Report to US Congress for Fiscal Year 2002 The report, prepared by the US Bureau of Diplomatic Security and the Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, outlines the program's aims and objectives, summarizes the antiterrorism training and assistance given to US allies during 2002, and discusses the impact of these initiatives.
• Australian National Counter-Terrorism Plan Report of June 2003 by the Australian National Counter-Terrorism Committee outlining responsibilities, authorities, and the mechanisms to prevent, or if they occur, manage acts of terrorism and their consequences within Australia.
• Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Legislation Amendment (Terrorism) Bill 2002 and Related Matters Amendment of the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act with the intention of broadening the ability of the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) to deal with terrorism.
• Bibliography on Future Trends in Terrorism A bibliography on trends in terrorism including the potential threat of nuclear, biological, and chemical terrorism, cyber terrorism, and the technologies needed to deter these threats. ...
• Bill C-36, by the Parliament of Canada Anti-terror act amending the Canadian Criminal Code, the Official Secrets Act, the Canada Evidence Act, the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) Act, and a number of other acts in order to combat terrorism.

• The fight against international terrorism.
• Interpol’s position on terrorism .
• What is Interpol doing to combat terrorism?.
• How Interpol can prevent terrorism?.
• How Interpol can help after a terrorist act has been committed?.
• Interpol’s position on terrorism .
• What is Interpol doing to combat terrorism?.
• Interpol's role is twofold: to prevent acts of international terrorism and, if carried out, to ensure the perpetrators are located, arrested and brought to justice.
• How Interpol can prevent terrorism?.
• Interpol is committed to detecting and preventing acts of terrorism. ...
• The veracity and timeliness of the information is often directly proportional to its usefulness to the specialized officers within Interpol's Public Safety and Terrorism Sub-Directorate who are tasked with assessing the threat and issuing alerts and warnings, using specific Interpol tools e. ...
• Member countries should also report on other crimes which may be linked to terrorism, for example: weapons trafficking, money laundering and falsified travel and other identity documents, seizures of nuclear, chemical and biological material.
• Apart from its vital intelligence work, Interpol has also urged its member countries to intervene at the national level by monitoring suspicious financial transactions linked to terrorist activities in order to freeze their assets and to disrupt the funding of terrorism.
• How Interpol can help after a terrorist act has been committed?.
• In the immediate aftermath of a terrorist act, member countries should send Interpol full particulars concerning the nature of the incident. ... These should include details of any individuals arrested or charged in connection with a terrorist incident, or suspected as connected with a terrorist incident, and information concerning organizations on whose behalf the act was committed.

• Acquisition Streamlining Improvement Act .
• Agriculture Competition Enhancement Act of 2001 .
• Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act .
• Better Medicine for Children Act .
• Caribbean Regional Assistance Act of 2001 .
• Climate Change Strategy and Technology Innovation Act of 2001 .
• Department of Commerce Elimination Act .
• Department of Energy Advanced Scientific Computing Act.
• Department of Energy Elimination and National Security Protection Act of 2001 .
• Department of Energy Nanoscale Science and Engineering Research Act .
• Department of Environmental Protection Affairs Act of 2001 .
• Ethnic, Minority, and Gender Bias Clearinghouse Act of 2001 .
• Export-Import Bank Reauthorization Act of 2001 .
• Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2002 .
• Global Climate Change Act of 2001.
• Government Shutdown Prevention Act .

• Combating Terrorism: Does the U. ...
• and Terrorism .
• Security Council's Counter Terrorism Committee (3/02) .
• The Role of the United Nations in Combating Terrorism (10/01) .
• The American Servicemembers' Protection Act: Implications for U. ...
• The American Servicemembers' Protection Act of 2000: Implications for U. ...
• 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) (6/02) .
• International Leadership Act (6/03) .

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