Fingerprint Discoveries: The Illustrated Textbook of Fingerprint Identification Contrast: An Investigator's Basic Reference Guide to Fingerprint Identification Concepts The FBI Fingerprint Identification Automation Program: Issues and Options Automated Fingerprint Identification System Technology and Policy Issues (Le63) Friction Ridge Skin: Comparison and Identification of Fingerprints Proceedings of the International Symposium on Fingerprint Detection and Identification, June 26-30, 1995, Neurim, Israel Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition Ident-A-Kid: The Official Fingerprint Book and Complete Identification Record Ident-A-Kid: The Official Fingerprint Book and Complete Identification Record; For Your Child's Safety and Your Peace of Mind

•   AuthenTec’s TruePrint™-technology-based fingerprint identification systems are a simple reliable means for achieving this. ...
• Your Fingerprint is You Your fingers are always with you, .
•  Some fingerprint patterns are difficult to see, but can still be read by AuthenTec’s electronic sensors. ...   AuthenTec’s fingerprint ID systems can measure and compare those patterns to a high degree of accuracy.   Today, any two persons are highly unlikely to have fingerprints that will appear the same to AuthenTec’s automated fingerprint matching systems. ...
• Fingerprints are Convenient AuthenTec’s fingerprint sensors are small and easy to use. ...   You simply touch the sensor – and the sensor reads your fingerprint. ...
•   Fingerprint ID systems can be used in many other applications as well, where they provide fast, convenient and trustworthy personal identification. ...
• Have you ever forgotten your password, left your keys behind, or lost your ID card?  With fingerprint systems you won’t have these problems. ...
•   Fingerprint impressions in clay tablets over 2000 years old have been seen in archaeological materials from both China and the middle east. ...
• Fingerprint ID is simple, non-intrusive and inherently voluntary Fingerprint identification is known to the general public, and widely trusted. ...   Fingerprint identification is inherently voluntary.   Your finger cannot be read unless you place it on the fingerprint reader -- fingerprints cannot be read involuntarily from a distance.   Finally, today’s fingerprint systems are non-intrusive and non-threatening. ...

• SONY'S NEW FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION UNIT OFFERS SECURE ACCESS TO PROTECTED DATA THROUGHOUT AN ORGANIZATION .
• 5, 2002 -- Sony's new fingerprint identification device can serve as the basis for enterprise-wide employee identification solutions in work environments where employee mobility is critical. ...
• "Our new model allows IT administrators to centrally store fingerprint data, giving workers the ability to be mobile in their environments and still have fingerprint-based access to protected data. ...
• Key features of the FIU-600 model enable the device to quickly export high-quality, encrypted fingerprint images to a centralized database, where third-party matching algorithms can then process the information. ...
• Industry-leading software manufacturers are providing support for the new fingerprint device for an array of applications. ...
• The FIU-600 unit complements Sony's other fingerprint identification model, the FIU-710. ... The unit's fingerprint authentication feature eliminates the need for passwords. ...

• Archaeological artifacts prove that fingerprints were already used by the ancient Assyrians and Chinese as a form of identification of a person. The first scientific studies on fingerprints date from the late sixteen century, but the fundamentals of modern fingerprint identification methods were provided at the end of nineteenth century. ...
• The first Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) were developed in the 1950s by the F. ...
• Fingerprint recognition is nowadays the basic task of the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification Service (IAFIS) of the most famous police agencies. Ten-print based identification and latent fingerprint recognition are the two main concerns of an IAFIS. In the former, the system should identify a person by the whole sequence of his/her ten fingerprints, in the latter it has to identify a person through a latent fingerprint found on a crime scene. Technology advances in the 1980s in the areas of personal computing and optical scanners triggered non-forensic applications of fingerprint recognition methods. The enormous interest roused by electronic commerce on Internet and, more in general, by the need of reliable techniques for authenticating the identity of a living person in a broad range of applications has greatly intensified the research efforts towards the development of low cost small-size fingerprint-based biometric systems. ...
• Fingerprint Anatomy.
• A fingerprint is the representation of the epidermis of a finger. At a macroscopic analysis, a fingerprint is composed of a set of ridge lines which often flow parallel and sometimes produce local macro-singularities called whorl, loop and delta. ...
• The number of cores and deltas in a single fingerprint is regulated in nature by some stringent rules; fingerprints are usually partitioned into five main classes (arch, tented arch, left loop, right loop, whorl) according to their macro-singularities. ...
• At a finer analysis other very important features can be discovered in the fingerprint patterns. ... Minutiae play a primary role for fingerprint matching, since most of the algorithms rely on the coincidence of minutiae to state whether two impressions are of the same finger or not. Minutiae matching, which is essentially a point pattern matching problem, constitutes the basis of most of the automatic algorithms for fingerprint comparison. ...
• Fingerprint acquisition.

• Classification of automatic fingerprint identification technologies .

• Fingerprint Identification Standards for Emerging Applications .
• Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) technology has been proven in law enforcement over the last 25 years, and the use of AFIS technology is rapidly expanding in a number of new applications areas including welfare. ...
• For serious large-scale positive-identification applications, no other currently-available biometric technology comes close to fingerprints. Fingerprint identification technologies are: .
• well established: fingerprint identification has been used in law enforcement applications over the past 100 years, and has become the de facto international standard for positive identification of individuals. ...
• proven: AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System) technology has been developed, refined and proven in demanding law enforcement applications over the last two decades. ...
• court system make fingerprints the only biometric proof of identification which is readily accepted in legal proceedings. ...
• mature: Fingerprint identification technologies are well beyond the R&D stage, as evidenced by the fact that a number of viable manufacturers produce competing products for a wide-spread and well established marketplace. ...
• Recent advances in computing and digital imaging technology have led to the introduction of new AFIS methodologies using electronic "live-scan" plain impressionfingerprint images as the basis for identification. The proliferation of plain-impression AFIS systems is rapid and accelerating at the state and federal level, in large-scale applications, including welfare, driver's licensing, border control, immigration and military personnel identification. ...
• These new identification applications are being treated as straightforward applications of AFIS technology. ... Furthermore, plain-impression AFIS applications are not nearly as complex as those in law enforcement, and the associated fingerprint scanners are simple and relatively inexpensive. ...
• The new applications of plain-impression fingerprint technology depart from law enforcement applications in the use of radically reduced fingerprint information to minimize capture times and storage requirements, coupled with requirements for unprecedented levels of identification performance. ...
• Law enforcement AFIS applications use "nail-to-nail" rolled fingerprint impressions as the basis for all identification processing. A plain-impression print can be less than 50% of the area of the equivalent rolled print, providing significantly less data for identification processing. ...
• The proven law enforcement AFIS applications use either 8 or 10 finger images to achieve identification accuracy. ...

• Michele Triplett's Fingerprint Terminology Page.
• Fingerprint Image Enhancement Technology.
• "What Is Science?  The Dilemma of Fingerprint Science Revisited" by Mark A. ...
• <<<Ridges and Furrows Homepage   |  What Is A Fingerprint?  |  Friction Skin  |  Friction Skin Growth  |  Articles>>>.
• Friction Ridge Identification involves the use of friction ridge impressions - whether they are patent or latent, clear or unclear; 'large' or 'small' (all prints are partial) that are found at crime scenes in order to help solve the crime. ...
•   It is brought to the friction ridge identification specialist (sworn officer or individual who is not sworn) who .
• analyzes it and then compares it to a known fingerprint. ...
• black powder, white powder, ninhydrin or perhaps the impression was made in dust and photographed)   How has the surface from which the print was lifted affected the appearance of the lift?  How has the enhancement process affected the appearance of the friction ridges?  What type of distortion is present? (many different kinds may be apparent on one lift)  How does the clarity or lack of clarity affect the amount of detail that is present in the unknown print?  Also, how does the clarity or lack of clarity affect  the level of tolerance for any ridge formation discrepancies between the unknown and the known print in the comparison phase?  Do you have sufficient quality and quantity of information to proceed to the comparison step in the identification process?  (It's important to note here that quite often certain information, such as types of distortion present, are not always obvious in the friction ridge impression at this stage and may be revealed later on in the comparison stage. ...
•   Others must see what the identification specialist sees. ...
• Next,  the evaluation is made based on the identification philosophy. The identification philosophy can be paraphrased by the following statement:.
• "Friction ridge identification is established through the agreement of friction ridge formations, in sequence, having sufficient uniqueness to establish individuality. ...
• Not everyone, however, agrees with the term 'sufficient uniqueness' and therefore you might want to consider paraphrasing the identification philosophy as follows:.
•   Friction ridge identification is established through the agreement of friction ridge formations, in sequence, having sufficient 'observed' uniqueness to establish individuality.
• As previously mentioned, before the friction ridge identification specialist can answer questions, however,  such as "Is there agreement of friction ridge formations?"  "Is there sufficient 'observed' uniqueness to establish individuality?", it is imperative that he/she must first understand the premises of friction skin identification and how scientific research in biology, histology, embryology etc. ...
• Last, but certainly not the least, is the process of verification to be completed by a second qualified friction ridge identification specialist.   This step is not to be treated lightly and is extremely important in order to follow the criteria that contributes to making fingerprint identification a 'science'.   Verification ensures the application of a proper sequence of events has been implemented by the identification specialist in arriving at making a positive identification (and sometimes non-identification). ... ) is known as the identification methodology or,  "a structured and systematic manner in which quantitative-qualitative analysis of friction ridges is carried out". ...

• Fingerprint > Working Parties.
• Interpol European Expert Group on Fingerprint Identification - IEEGFI.
• The Interpol European Expert Group on Fingerprint Identification (IEEGFI) was instigated in 1998 following a proposal accepted at the 26th European Regional Conference held in Slovakia in May 1997. The proposal to assess the feasibility of formulating a European Fingerprint Identification Standard was endorsed by the Interpol European Committee in November 1997, which set the basis for the work to be undertaken by the IEEGFI in the following statement: .
• 'Bearing in mind the methods and procedures for identification of fingerprints in use by Interpol European member countries, the Interpol European Expert Group on Fingerprint Identification is asked to explore the feasibility of determining a common European method for fingerprint identification. This new method will include standard fingerprint identification procedures and an agreed number of minutiae and other characteristics. ...
• The work of this group is being continued by the Interpol European Expert Group on Fingerprint Identification (II) - IEEGFI (II) , its report will be published in 2004. ...
• 2 'Interpol European Expert Group on Fingerprint Identification - IEEGFI'.
• Method for fingerprint identification.
• 2 : Groupe d'experts européens d'Interpol sur l'identification par les empreintes digitales.
• Recherche d'une méthode d'identification par les empreintes digitales.
• fingerprint@interpol. ...

• Standards for Fingerprint Indentification .
• This paper will focus on the growing field of Biometrics, and the endeavor for an agreement on a set of standards for Fingerprint Identification. ...
• There are several large projects that have been initiated that involve biometric identification. ...
• Spain has spent almost $13 million in fingerprint identification technology for the kiosks. ...
• At the time of purchase, the customer's fingerprint is scanned and checked against a database. ...
• For these reasons the vast amount of research and discussion has been focused on creating a standard for fingerprint identification. ...
• ANSI/NIST-CSL 1-1993 Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint Information, ANSI, November 22, 1993. ...
• Criminal Justice Information Services (CIJS) Electronic Fingerprint Transmission Specification, IAFIS-IC-0010, Federal Bureau of Investigation, December 1995. ...
• WSQ Gray-Scale Fingerprint Image Compression Specification, IAFIS-IC-0110V2, Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS), Federal Bureau of Investigation, February 16, 1993. ...

• The fourth service offered is access to the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). ... Identifiable latent prints are processed through AFIS to search for possible matches against the database of post-arrest fingerprint records maintained by GCIC. ...
• Using special color graphic terminals, the forensic examiner can clarify the image of the fingerprint, enlarge it, and tell the computer to make certain assumptions about the print. These experts, looking at the system's image of a partial fingerprint, can tell the computer that it appears to be a thumbprint, a certain finger, or a left or right hand fingerprint. ...
• AFIS then provides the fingerprint examiners with a series of possible matches, rating them from the most likely to the least likely match.
• By way of a computer split-screen, the scientist is then able to perform a side-by-side comparison of similarities of the known inked fingerprint verses the candidate or unknown latent fingerprint.
• Unidentified latent fingerprints of good quality are entered into the unidentified latent fingerprint database and are compared daily to new fingerprint records being added to the main fingerprint database from arrest fingerprint cards submitted by local agencies to GCIC. ...
• When his ten-print application card was entered into the system for a background check, a print from the card matched a latent print that had been on file in the unidentified latent fingerprint database for eight years. ...

• Sherlock Ink introduces the inkless fingerprint system that cost pennies to use and can help save your business and community the millions of dollars that are lost to check and credit card fraud each year. ...
• The Sherlock Ink®  fingerprint system is easy to use, making it the ideal product for many businesses and applications. ...
• When your purchase your inkless fingerprint system through Sherlock Ink®, our expert consultants will provide you with the support and services you need to help make your prevention plan effective and efficient from day one. ...
• Inkless fingerprint Pads .

• Neurotechnologija Debuts FingerCell EDK, A Complete Biometric Fingerprint Solution For Embedded Devices SecurityInnovator Staff Writer November 25, 2002 .
• , a provider of biometric identification technology, has announced the release of FingerCell EDK, a complete biometric fingerprint solution for embedded devices. FingerCell EDK not only enables rapid development of embedded fingerprint identification for doors, gates, computers, and other security-sensitive applications, but also can match 500 fingerprints per second, making it one of the fastest embedded ID systems on the market. The solution provides all necessary hardware/software - including AuthenTec Sensor, CPU; FingerCell Software Optimized for Sensor, Producing Maximum Speed and Reliability Embedded personal identification systems based on fingerprint matching are becoming increasingly popular for all kinds of devices. ... The kit includes: * FingerCell fingerprint recognition software: Based on Neurotechnologija's pioneering VeriFinger technology, FingerCell can be used for both verification (1:1 matching) and identification (1:N). ... 001%; * AuthenTec FingerLoc AF-S2 fingerprint sensor: From the premier fingerprint sensor manufacturer in the field, AuthenTec's AF-S2 offers enhanced performance, improved flow control, and more user-selectable baud rates; * Intel StrongAR (206 MHz) processor with RS232 adapter. ... "Developing a superior embedded biometric identification system is a long and expensive undertaking. ... " According to the company, FingerCell fingerprint recognition software combines lightning-fast comparison speed with high reliability in both 1:1 and 1:N matching modes, and fingerprint enrollment time is less than one second (three seconds when feature generalization is used). In addition to its 400 fingerprint per second 1:N (identification mode) matching speed and low FRR/FAR ratios, FingerCell is fully tolerant to fingerprint translation and rotation, ensuring accurate matching regardless of finger position. The software does not require a fingerprint core or delta points for recognition; however, more reliable results will result if those elements are present. ... Complete documentation, electrical schematics, identification software libraries and more are standard with each kit. ... A sample fingerprint database, scanned with the AuthenTec FingerLoc AF-S2 sensor is also available for free download.

• Prototype Workstation Based Human Identification System (HIS) .
• The system uses fingerprint samples for identification. ... The system has three components: an artificial neural network (ANN)-based fingerprint classification system; an image database and image preprocessor to facilitate fingerprint recognition; and a library of neural network paradigms and digital signal processing (DSP) techniques on fingerprint analysis. ...

• Fingerprint .
• Automatic fingerprint identification systems (AFIS) have traditionally been used by law enforcement agencies. ... Fingerprint identification, coupled with time and attendance software, prevents employees from "buddy punching. ...
• Many devices analyze the position of the end points and junctions of print ridges (minutiae) of the fingerprint. Others count the number of ridges between points, while some approach the fingerprint from an image processing perspective. For storage, a fingerprint requires a data template that ranges from several hundred bytes to more than 1,000 bytes depending on the approach. ...
• Some systems combine smart card technology and live fingerprint scanning. A digital template of the user’s fingerprint (no ink involved!) may be captured and stored with credit card information on a smart card. ... When the card is inserted into the terminal, the cardholder is prompted to place a finger on the integrated fingerprint scanner to determine if the live scan and the information on the card match. ...

• The FBI Fingerprint Image Compression Standard.
• The goal of this project is to design and implement a national standard for coding and compression of digitized fingerprint images. The FBI is digitizing the nation's fingerprint database at 500 dots per inch with 8 bits of grayscale resolution. At this rate, a single fingerprint card turns into about 10 MB of data! .
• Here's a sample fingerprint image measuring 768 x 768 pixels (= 589,824 bytes): .
• Yes, but the FBI has been collecting fingerprint cards since 1924, and because (like most of us) they find it hard to throw things out, over the past 70 years their collection has grown to over 200 million cards occupying an acre of filing cabinets in the J. ...
• And to make matters worse, fingerprint data continues to accumulate at a rate of 30,000-50,000 new cards PER DAY, which makes for a serious traffic jam on the Information Superhighway. ...
• Here's a 4x zoom of the ``core'' (or center) of the fingerprint image we saw above. ... The white spots in the middle of the black ridges are sweat pores, and they're admissible points of identification in court, as are the little black flesh ``islands'' in the grooves between the ridges. ...
• These blocking artifacts annoy the bejeesus out of human end-users like the FBI's fingerprint experts, who do NOT like seeing computers munch their precious data and are pretty leery of this whole ``data compression'' thing in the first place. What's more, the blocking artifacts also affect the performance of automated systems that attempt to trace out ridges to help classify the fingerprint. ...

• Identification.
• •Identification Rules.
• •Victim of Mis-Identification Record Challenge.
• Fingerprint Check:.
• Flagged Fingerprint Check:.
• Mission:  To support federal, state and local law enforcement agencies by identifying individuals through the use of Automated Fingerprint Identification System.
• The Identification Unit is comprised of two programs: .
• Civil Identification.
• Criminal Identification.
• Civil Identification is responsible for all record requests pursuant to the Criminal Justice Records Act which include.
• Applicant Fingerprint Cards  .
• Criminal Identification is responsible for criminal fingerprint cards received from law enforcement agencies, which include:.
• Arrest Fingerprint Cards received through the mail.
• This section is also responsible for the automated fingerprint identification system (AFIS) and the archival of all fingerprint cards which have been automated and used to update the criminal history files in the Colorado Crime Information Computer (CCIC).   All criminal arrest information, based on fingerprint cards, are forwarded to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for entry into the National Crime Information Computer (NCIC) for criminal identification. ...

• California Company Penalized for Exporting Fingerprint Identification Systems and Encryption Software.
• Garcia announced that the Department of Commerce has imposed a $135,000 civil penalty on Printrak, A Motorola Company, of Anaheim, California to resolve allegations that the company exported automated fingerprint identification systems, associated fingerprint identification software, and encryption software to numerous destinations in violation of U. ...
• The Commerce Department's Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) alleged that, on 37 occasions between January 1997 and October 2000, Printrak exported or reexported automated fingerprint identification systems, associated fingerprint identification software, and encryption software to numerous destinations without the required export licenses. ...

• Forensic Fingerprint Identification .
• A law enforcement professional with over 30 years in the highly specialized areas of fingerprint identification and analysis. ...
• Attended numerous annual conferences and seminars on the detection and comparison of latent prints sponsored by the FBI Academy, the International Association for Identification and the Florida Division of the International Association for Identification. ...
• International Association for Identification, (1978) Washington, DC.
• Fingerprint Technician II (1974-1993).
• Fingerprint Technician I (1967-1974).

• In fact, fingerprint recognition and identification is poised to replace passwords, user names, security cards, PINs, IDs and other troublesome, often ineffective mechanisms for accessing computer-based information systems. ...
• Fingerprint identification is emerging as the most practical biometric security system for health care, says Erik Bowman, an analyst of the nascent biometrics industry at Warfel & Miller in Bethesda, Md. "Fingerprint recognition is fast, reliable and affordable. ...
• One reason fingerprint recognition is catching on is that prices have fallen dramatically in the past couple years, he adds. ...
• Such "one-to-one" verification is simpler and cheaper than "one-to-many" identification. ...
• And dozens of software developers, hardware makers and value-added resellers are building fingerprint identification into their products. ...
• For example, Oracle, the world's second-largest software company, has incorporated fingerprint recognition into its server software. ...
• , has begun to package fingerprint identification with its virtual electronic health record. ...
• Fingerprint identification is so hot that what may be the first hospital to test the technology for provider access asked not to be named in this column. ...
• Here's what some other early adapters in health care have found:l As a result of its successful test, Mayo plans to institute fingerprint identification for all its 200 physicians at its multisite Jacksonville clinic. ...
• , uses fingerprint technology to identify patients and plans to use it to control providers' access to computer systems. ...
• To be sure, fingerprint identification is not perfect. ...
• Identification cards can be lost or stolen, and passwords can be shared or forgotten. A fingerprint, on the other hand, is unique, invariable and hard to misplace. ...
• In any event, developers predict that one day we'll use a fingerprint to start the car, bank at cash stations, punch in at work, pick up the kids, claim luggage, authorize credit card purchases, sign documents electronically and even unlock the front door. ...
• Privacy advocates fear that if fingerprint recognition becomes that ubiquitous, government and business would gain an Orwellian ability to track our every move, purchase and affiliation. ...

• In fiscal year 1989, Congress provided the initial funding for the INS to develop an automated fingerprint system to identify aliens encountered by the INS. ...
• Emerging technology in the area of automated fingerprint identification systems has the potential for providing empirical data to clearly define the problem of recidivism as well as immediately identify those criminal aliens who should remain in the custody of INS. ...
• 3 million to allow the INS to undertake a test of an automated fingerprint identification system in the San Diego Border Patrol Sector. ...
• In response, the INS arranged for a study to analyze the possible use of an automated fingerprint identification system and to analyze information about aliens apprehended by the INS crossing the border in the San Diego Border Patrol Sector. In this study, the fingerprints of each apprehended alien were taken manually on a fingerprint card, then scanned into an Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) for comparison. ...
• OIRM noted in a 1989 memorandum that an automated fingerprint identification system could also provide the INS the capability of identifying immediately aliens suspected of criminal activity, aliens who have outstanding warrants, and aliens who have been previously apprehended. ...
• Eventually, in fiscal year 1992, the INS designed and procured a pilot automated fingerprint identification system, called the Software AFIS Screening System (SASS), which operated in the San Diego Border Patrol Sector’s Chula Vista Station from November 1991 to June 1993. ...
• Two other events spurred the development of the INS’s automated fingerprint identification system. ...
• To aid in tracking the results of Operation Gatekeeper, OIRM was asked to implement an automated fingerprint identification system that would identify, with a quick turnaround, every alien apprehended. ...
• The INS used an automated, two-fingerprint identification system developed by the Navy to identify the aliens at the base. This experience demonstrated to the INS the feasibility of using a two-fingerprint system in a large-scale effort to identify individuals and further spurred the INS’s interest in the development of IDENT. ...
• ” This law also directed the INS to “operate a criminal alien identification system. ... Such system shall include providing for recording of fingerprint records of aliens who have been previously arrested and removed into appropriate automated fingerprint identification systems. ...

• Directorate: Identification.
• The Directorate Identification is responsible for the identification of all South African citizens applying for passports, identity documents and temporary identity documents, persons granted permanent residence and refugee status in terms of the Identification Act, 1997 (Act No 68 of 1997). ...
• ---> Fingerprint Identification is crucial to the functioning of the Department. ...
• This Directorate utilises fingerprint identification for a variety of tasks. The issuing and re-issuing of passports, identity documents and temporary identity documents are based on the positive identification of a person by means of his/her fingerprints. ...
• The Department of Home Affairs also assists various other National as well as Provincial Government Departments with projects involving the positive identification of persons by means of their fingerprints. ...
• The intricacies and minutia in the fingerprint make it possible for this Directorate to search and identify persons by means of their fingerprints. The purpose of using fingerprint identification is to identify SA citizens and to ensure that illegal aliens are tracked down and repatriated.
• Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS).
• The AFIS project, currently in the implementation phase, involves a computerised fingerprint identification system. The purpose of this system is to increase the Department of Home Affairs’ service delivery and as fingerprint identification is not an exact science it will also decrease the current margin of error in the Directorate: Identification.

• Re: CCMS Fingerprint identification for distributors.
• Subject: Re: CCMS Fingerprint identification for distributors .
• CCMS Fingerprint identification for distributors, marketing .
• Re: CCMS Fingerprint identification for distributors, Fabien Degryse .

• NTT Data Develops Identification System .
• with IC Cards and Fingerprint Identification Technology.
• NTT Data Corporation and Mitsubishi Electric Corporation have developed an IC card reader/writer with a fingerprint identification feature that combines IC cards and fingerprint identification technology. They have also developed an identification system using the reader/writer.
• Earlier systems that used IC cards utilized encryption processing to create high-security card identification, but it was necessary to use passwords or other similar means to confirm the identity of the card holder, and so such systems were insufficient for come purposes.
• In contrast, fingerprint identification systems require that information about individuals including their fingerprint information be maintained on a terminal, and there are security and operational issues that have to be addressed including managing and concealing personal information on terminals.
• In order to solve these problems, NTT Data's IC card technology and Mitsubishi Electric's biometrics*1 (fingerprint) technology have been combined to create an identification system that is superior to previous systems in terms of both security and operability.
• In addition, by combining the IC card reader/writer and the fingerprint identification device and by encrypting the identification information used to identify individuals, security levels are raised even higher.
• NTT Data and Mitsubishi Electric adopted a general-purpose OS card*2 as the IC card used in the new identification system, making links with other applications such as payment system possible. The two companies plan to use the identification system to develop a broad range of business.
• It is expected that that new identification system will be applied in the following business fields:.
• Personal identification combined with IC cash cards and IC credit cards .
• Personal identification for access to systems that demand high levels of security .
• Personal identification in various services such as building access management.
• Specifically, NTT Data and Mitsubishi Electric will develop the high-security solution business using the IC card identification system for use with governmental systems, electronic commerce systems including financial and distribution systems, and corporate intranet and building access management systems by IT-related companies, which are showing heightened interest in security such as ISO 15000. ...
• Compared to earlier identification systems, security and operability are raised in the following ways.

• Washington 2 423 2004-02-19T15:27:00Z 2004-02-19T15:27:00Z 1 1032 5883 Fingerprint Geometric Analysis 49 13 6902 10. ...
•                  Fingerprint Geometric Analysis.
• Click here to view a fingerprint of JFK. ...
• Journal of Forensic Identification.
• International Association for Identification .
• NCIC Fingerprint Filing Sequence Formula.
• Identification News / February 1983.
• International Association for Identification .
• fingerprint patterns and their frequency for each digit.
• Fingerprint Diagonal Reverse Sequence Arrangement .
• My experience in the performance of fingerprint identification encompasses research and study of the dermatoglyphic configurations. ...
• During 1988, I assisted in the composition of a lesson plan on fingerprint instruction and identification for the correction academy. ... It was in that year and the subsequent that the Department of Correction City of New York authorized my attendance into the FBI fingerprint classes. From 1979 to the present, I have been conducting independent research on the combination of fingerprint patterns and their frequency for each digit.
• I have taken FBI training of Basic Fingerprint Classification and FBI training of Advanced Latent Fingerprint Techniques and was awarded certificates in each. ...
• In reference to the filing of ten set fingerprint record cards, I am familiar with the Henry System of Fingerprint Classification and Filing. ... For example, a given fingerprint record may be assigned the originally designated Henry classification by the FBI. ... Notwithstanding, all jurisdictions communicate and utilize the National Crime Information Center Fingerprint Classification (NCIC FPC) in the same manner.

• Brief History of Fingerprint Identification.
• It is an engraving of the actual latent fingerprint which identified Richard Ramirez "The Night Stalker". I was given the pen for my work on testing their fingerprint examiners for I. ...
• I have exhibited one of these photos to the International Association for Identification and suggested it as a "possible" fingerprint pattern.
• He made no mention of their value as a tool for individual identification. ...
• In 1923, John Evangelist Purkinji, a professor of anatomy at the University of Breslau, published his thesis discussing 9 fingerprint patterns, but he too made no mention of the value of fingerprints for personal identification. ...
• He discussed fingerprints as a means of personal identification, and the use of printers ink as a method for obtaining such fingerprints. He is also credited with the first fingerprint identification of a greasy fingerprint left on an alcohol bottle. ...
• In Mark Twain's book, "Life on the Mississippi", a murderer was identified by the use of fingerprint identification. ...
• In a later book by Mark Twain, "Pudd'n Head Wilson", there was a dramatic court trial on fingerprint identification. ...
• During the 1880's, Sir Francis Galton, a British anthropologist and a cousin of Charles Darwin, began his observations of fingerprints as a means of identification. ...
• In 1891, Juan Vucetich, and Argentine Police Official, began the first fingerprint files based on Galton pattern types. ...
• In 1892, Juan Vucetich made the first criminal fingerprint identification. ...
• Introduction of fingerprints for criminal identification in England and Wales, using Galton's observations and revised by Sir Edward Richard Henry. ...
• During the next 25 years more and more law enforcement agencies join in the use of fingerprints as a means of personal identification. Many of these agencies began sending copies of their fingerprint cards to the National Bureau of Criminal Identification, which was established by the International Association of Police Chiefs. ...

• Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS).
• The introduction of the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) in 1997 has allowed fingerprint technicians to scan fingerprint images into a database for easy storage, retrieval, and comparison.
• AFIS gives DCI the capability of real-time identification of a suspect.
•   Fingers are rolled across a plate and scanned into a computer, then converted to a digital form for storage and transmitted electronically to the DCI workstation for identification.   Fingerprint cards can be printed out on a laser printer at the local and state sites.

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