Voting representation in Congress for the District of Columbia : hearing before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Semate, one Hundred Third Congress, second session, August 4, 1994 Records of Orrington, Penobscot County, Maine Vol. 3: First Treasurer's Book, Voting Lists, Bartlett Journals and School District Records Voting Representation in Congress: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the District of Columbia of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Represe Periodical and general elections 1982 : statistical returns showing the voting at each polling place and within each district in relation to the Legislative Council election and the House of Assembly elections held on 6 November 1982 Voting Rights, Voting Wrongs Congressional Districts in the 1980's Affirmative Action and Representation : Shaw v. Reno and the Future of Voting Rights Race, Voting, Redistricting and the Constitution: Volume One (Controversies in Constitutional Law) Voting Rights, Voting Wrongs: The Legacy of Baker V. Carr (Twentieth Century Fund Paper)

•   Boundaries Shown:  Counties, minor civil divisions, census county divisions, incorporated places, census designated places, American Indian/Alaska Native/Hawaiian Home Land areas, census tracts, voting districts (42 states* and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico), block groups, and blocks. ...
• VOTING DISTRICT/STATE LEGISLATIVE DISTRICT OUTLINE MAPS.   Boundaries Shown:  States, voting districts (42 states* and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico), legislative districts (40 states), counties, minor civil division/census county divisions, places (or place parts).

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• Ten new voting districts added to S. ...
• Township Clerk Barbara Gut said Tuesday night that there will be 10 more voting districts, starting with the primary election.
• "The new districts were created to keep all the districts within that range of voters," Gut said, adding that many of the districts were well over the 750 maximum allowed per district.
• District 3 will vote at the Kingston First Aid Squad; Districts 18, 21 and 22 at the Kendall Park firehouse; Districts 13, 15, 23 and 30 at the Senior Center; Districts 11 and 12 at the Brunswick Acres Elementary School; Districts 7, 10 and 24 at the Constable School; Districts 14, 17 and 28 at the Crossroads Middle School; Districts 5, 6, 8, 9 and 16 at the Community Center; Districts 25, 26 and 27 at the high school; Districts 2, 19 and 20 at the Monmouth Junction firehouse; and Districts 1, 4 and 29 at the Indian Fields Elementary School.
• District 12 will now vote at Brunswick Acres, Gut said.
• Gut said that residents with questions about the new locations or about what district they are in may call the township Clerk’s Office at (732) 329-4000, ext. ...

• Anderson remained State's Attorney until 1960, when he ran for the House of Representatives in the 16th District of Illinois. ...
• His inability to overcome the spoiler effect in that election would later lead him to become an advocate for Instant Runoff Voting. ...
• He has also served as Chair of the Center for Voting and Democracy from 1996 to the present day (as of this writing in 2002), and as President of the World Federalist Association. ...

• County Board votes tonight on redrawing voting districts.
• Democratic candidates swept the board elections this past November, and the new 14-13 Democratic majority is responsible for redrawing the district map. ...
• If the referendum passes, the board will redraw the district map to reflect the change.
• The county board oversees the Mass Transit District, appoints fire chiefs, deals with zoning and drainage issues, maintains county roads and provides public safety through the county sheriff's office. ...
• Partisans fight to change voting districts (10/20/00).
• Look up your voting districts at the Illinois Board of Elections .

• Congressional incumbents almost always win, barring long-term shifts in their district (a Democratic incumbent in historically conservative Texas would have a less likely chance of winning than a Democratic incumbent in liberal New York City, because Texas has shifted away from the Democratic party in terms of voting). ...

• United States District Court.
• District of South Dakota -- Central Division.
• Before LOKEN, Circuit Judge, KORNMANN and SCHREIER, District Judges.
• SCHREIER, District Judge.
• Each legislative district, except one, also elects two representatives to the State's House of Representatives. The remaining district is divided into two single-member house districts. Four Native American qualified voters who reside in Districts 26 and 27 commenced this action, alleging that the 2001 Plan must be precleared in accordance with § 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and that the Plan denies or abridges their right to vote on account of their membership in a language minority in violation of § 2 of that Act. ...
• ¶2 The chief judge of the circuit convened this three-judge district court to consider plaintiffs' § 5 claim. ... On the eve of that hearing, the United States moved to participate as amicus curiae, represented by the Voting Section of the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice. ...
• ¶3 Section 5 requires federal preclearance of voting changes in certain state and local jurisdictions. ... In 1975, coverage was expanded to include state and local jurisdictions which hold English-only elections if (i) Native Americans or another "language minority" comprise more than 5 percent of the population, and (ii) less than 50 percent of the voting-age citizens were registered to vote or voted in the 1972 presidential election. ...
• ¶4 Section 5 is an "uncommon exercise of congressional power" intended to prevent covered jurisdictions from "contriving new rules of various kinds for the sole purpose of perpetuating voting discrimination in the face of adverse federal court decrees. ... The statute applies to changes in "any voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure with respect to voting. ... If § 5 applies, a voting change may not be implemented until the voting change receives preclearance -- either no objection by the United States Attorney General after the change has been submitted for his review, or a declaratory judgment by a three-judge panel of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia that the change "does not have the purpose and will not have the effect of denying or abridging the right to vote on account of race or color" or language minority status. ...
• ¶5 In this case, South Dakota concedes, as it must, that if redistricting caused a voting change in Shannon or Todd county, that voting change must be precleared. (1) The State has not submitted the 2001 Plan to the Attorney General or the District of Columbia District Court for preclearance. Like the 1991 Plan, the 2001 Plan places Shannon and Todd counties in Senate District 27. The State sought preclearance for District 27 before the 2001 Plan was enacted, but the Attorney General will not consider pre-enactment submissions. ... After the 2001 Plan was enacted, the State concluded that preclearance is not required because the 2001 Plan is not a voting change in Shannon and Todd counties for purposes of § 5. Thus, the issues before us are (i) whether preclearance is required because the 2001 Plan includes a change in voting that affects Shannon and Todd counties within the meaning of § 5, and if so, (ii) whether the State is required to submit the Plan for preclearance, and (iii) to what injunctive relief are plaintiffs entitled. ...

• Greenwich Voting Districts .
• Polling Places by District 1, 1A .
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• 94-171 Voting District/State Legislative District Outline Maps (Census 2000) by Texas Counties.
• For each county or statistically equivalent entity, these county-based maps show the boundaries and codes for Voting Districts and/or State Legislative Districts as delineated by the participating states in Phase 2, Voting District Project, of the Census 2000 Redistricting Data Program; the features underlying these boundaries; and the names of these features. ... The maps will be available only for those states and counties that participated in the Voting District Project.
• NOTE: In some counties, the entire county is shown on a single Voting District/State Legislative District Map. ...

• Election Districts & Places of Voting .
• Councilman McLean:                Voting Aye.
• Councilman Depew:                  Voting Aye.
• WHEREAS, a petition dated April 3, 2002 has been duly presented to the Town Board of the Town of Wallkill, with a plan attached thereto according to law, requesting that Drainage District, as hereinafter described, be established in the Town of Wallkill; and.
• WHEREAS, said Town Board duly adopted on the 24th day of October, 2002, an order reciting in general terms the filing of said petition, the boundaries of the proposed district, the improvements proposed, the maximum amount proposed to be expended for the improvement and the specifying that said Town Board shall meet at the Town Hall, on the 14th day of November, 2002 at 7:15 PM, to consider said petition and hear all persons interested in the subject hereof, concerning the same, and.
• WHEREAS, certified copies of said order were duly published and posted according to law, and said Town Board did, at the time and place specified in said order, did duly meet and consider the matter of the establishment of said drainage district, and heard all persons interested in the subject thereof who appeared at such time and place, concerning the same, and.
• RESOLVED, that all the property and property owners, within the proposed Drainage District are or will be benefited thereby; and be it further.
• RESOLVED, that all of the property and property owners benefited are or will be included within the proposed Drainage District; and be it further.
• RESOLVED, that it is in the public interest to establish the proposed Drainage District as hereinafter described, and be it further.
• RESOLVED, that the Town Board does hereby approve the establishment of a Drainage District as hereinafter described to be known as Wallkill Drainage District No. 3 and said district being bounded and described in Schedule “A” annexed hereto; and be it further.
• RESOLVED, that the proposed improvements in said district be constructed upon the required funds made available or provided for: construction of a drainage system in accordance with .
• RESOLVED, that the Town Clerk be and she hereby is authorized and directed to file a certified copy of this resolution, in duplicate, in the office of the State Department of Audit and Control, at Albany, New York, together with an application in duplicate, for permission to so create said Drainage district in the manner and form prescribed by Section 194 of the Town law of New York, within ten days after the adoption of this resolution, and be it further.
• Supervisor Ward:                     Voting Aye.
• Councilman King:                     Voting Aye.
• Councilman Valentin:                Voting Aye.

• Talk:Instant-runoff voting.
• This article as it stands is still biased towards instant-runoff voting without explaining its disadvantages. I've restored the description of the trade-offs versus runoff voting, but left out the description of the trade-offs versus approval voting, save only the simple observation that it's easier to do tactical in preference versus no-preference (approval). ...
• If you wish to have a project on voting systems, you should be more willing to edit material rather than delete it or revert it. ...
• You describe approval voting as one method of instant runoff voting. This is not how the rest of the world uses the term instant runoff voting. ... Finally, IRV is not a misnomer and approval voting is not a runoff any more than first-past-the-post is. ...
• Which places in the world use the term "instant-runoff voting"? How many of these places actually use the system in more than a minor way? Tannin .
• I have spent more than 40 years here in Australia (plus a little time in New Zealand), and I can assure you that I have never, ever heard the preferential system described as "instant run-off voting" before - and bear it in mind that we get a great deal of our media content from the UK and the USA. On the face of things, I'd say that a change of the article title is called for, but I ask just in case the "instant run-off" term is actually the more common one in other parts of the world that use the preferential voting system. ...
• However, PR, like "preferential system" is a hopelessly generic name--there are many very different systems of PR and of preference voting. ...
• However, proponents of instant runoff voting point to the 2002 French election as an example of where the French system went badly awry; with the votes divided between sixteen candidates, an extremist candidate strongly opposed by most voters was able to make it to the second round with less than 17% of the vote in the first round. ...
• The other multiple-winner system I've heard of (and heard advocated) does not have a quota at the top, but simply eliminates people off the bottom until there are n candidates left, for an n-sized district. ...
• So what you're suggesting is not a voting method, but an algorithm for calculating the results of an instant-runoff vote. ...
• Both houses of the Australian Parliamwnt and of all the Australian states and territories use what Australians call preferential voting. ...
• Agreed, preferential doesn't (often) mean just IRV, it means preferential voting. ...

• Riker noted that strong regional parties can distort matters, leading to more than two parties nationwide, even if there are only two parties competitive in any single district. ...
• While some would argue that a two-party outcome is not necessarily harmful (see Two-party system), researchers and mathematicians have devoted considerable time to developing voting systems that do not appear to be subject to Duverger's Law. ...

• Maryland Voting Records, District 26.
• This page contains voting records from the State of Maryland General Assembly, cast by the representatives of district 26: Senator Gloria Lawlah and Delegates Obie Patterson, Anthony Muse and David Valderrama. ...
• excused from voting / absent.
• DISTRICT 26.
• District 26 is in southwestern Prince George's County. ...
• District Offices: .

• The voters resident in an electoral district vote only for the Member who will represent that district in the Legislative Assembly. ... The Electoral Districts Act contains detailed legal descriptions of all electoral district boundaries.
• Voting Areas S. ...
• Electoral districts are subdivided into voting areas. A voting area is a geographic area containing up to 400 registered voters. This division is for administrative purposes to ensure sufficient voting places are provided and that the voting place locations are accessible. Special voting areas may also be established to enhance access to voting.
• A Writ is addressed and directed to the District Electoral Officer of each electoral district in which an election is to be held. Each Writ includes the dates for the nomination of candidates and the dates of General Voting Day and Return Day. ...
• This period starts on the day the Writ is issued to the District Electoral Officer and ends on the day the Writ is returned to the Chief Electoral Officer.
• General Voting Day .
• District Electoral Officers S. ...
• A District Electoral Officer is appointed for each electoral district by the Chief Electoral Officer. The District Electoral Officer is responsible for administering the election in that district and ensuring that the provisions of the Election Act are observed. A Deputy District Electoral Officer is appointed in each electoral district to assist in these duties.
• District Registrars of Voters S. ...

• High court rejects state voting-district case .
• “The (new) plan is one that we think is entirely fair and complies with the Voting Rights Act,” said Laughlin McDonald, an attorney for the Voting Rights Project of the American Civil Liberties Union. ...

• When Thiers, however, fell from power in May 1873, and a Royalist was placed at the head of the government in the person of Marshal MacMahon, Gambetta gave proof of his statesmanship by unceasingly urging his friends to a moderate course, and by his tact and parliamentary dexterity, no less than by his eloquence, he was mainly instrumental in the voting of the constitution in February 1875. ...
• Although he really directed the policy of the various ministries, he evidently thought that the time was not ripe for asserting openly his own claims to direct the policy of the Republic, and seemed inclined to observe a nsutral attitude as far as possible; but events hurried him on, and early in 1881 he placed himself at the head of a movement for restoring scrutin de liste, or the system by which deputies are returned by the entire department which they represent, so that each elector votes for several representatives at once, in place of scrutin d'arrondissement, the system of small constituencies, giving one member to each district and one vote to each elector. ...

• Constitutional reforms adopted in August 1994 reduced the presidential term to 4 years, abolished the electoral college in favor of direct voting, and limited the president and vice president to two consecutive terms; they are allowed to stand for a third term or more after an interval of at least one term. ...
• Country name conventional long form: Argentine Republic conventional short form: Argentina local long form: Republica Argentina local short form: Argentina Data code: AR Government type: republic Capital: Buenos Aires Administrative divisions: 23 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), and 1 federal district (distrito federal); Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Province; Catamarca; Chaco; Chubut; Córdoba; Corrientes; Entre Ríos; Formosa; Jujuy; La Pampa; La Rioja; Mendoza; Misiones; Neuquén; Río Negro; Salta; San Juan; San Luis; Santa Cruz; Santa Fe; Santiago del Estero; Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands; Tucumán .

• AN ACT relative to domicile for voting purposes, penalties for voter fraud, and access to preserved ballots.
• Establishes civil penalties for wrongful voting.
• Modifies procedures for voter registration and absentee voting.
• Modifies the laws concerning domicile as it relates to voting and eligibility for office.
• AN ACT relative to domicile for voting purposes, penalties for voter fraud, and access to preserved ballots.
• 289:2 Address Confidentiality Program for Victims of Domestic Violence, Stalking, or Sexual Assault; Voting by Program Participants. ...
• It may be exercised by the selectmen of towns and the governing boards of districts without vote of the inhabitants voters in town or district meeting. Provided, that no sum in excess of $100,000 shall be so borrowed without vote of the city, town, or district.
• (d) Using the guidelines established in RSA 49-C, the charter shall specify at-large or district representation or a combination thereof; the manner of filling vacancies; powers of nomination, appointment, and confirmation; requirements for attendance and quorum; any residency domicile or eligibility requirements of up to one year in the town or district and continued residency domicile during a term; specific procedures for the preparation, presentation, public hearing, and adoption of annual budgets and designation of a fiscal year; procedures for issuing bonds and notes pursuant to RSA 33:8-e; an annual municipal election date pursuant to RSA 669:1; bonding of certain town officials and employees where not required by general law; and requirements for periodic independent audits of all town financial matters by a certified public accountant.
• (b) The charter shall specify the manner of district representation; the manner of filling vacancies; powers of nomination, appointment, and confirmation; requirements for attendance and quorum; any residency domicile or eligibility requirements of up to one year in the town or district and continued residency domicile during term; specific procedures for the preparation, presentation, public hearing, and adoption of annual budgets and designation of a fiscal year; an annual municipal election date pursuant to RSA 669:1; bonding of certain town officials and employees where not required by general law; and requirements for periodic independent audits of all town financial matters by a certified public accountant.
• Upon the petition of 10 or more legal voters, inhabitants of persons domiciled in any village situated in one or more towns, the selectmen of the town or towns shall fix, by suitable boundaries, a district including such parts of the town or towns as may seem convenient, for any of the following purposes:.
• The legal voters and inhabitants of who are domiciled in any village shall cause a record of the petition, pursuant to paragraph I, and their proceedings thereon to be recorded in the records of the towns in which the district is situate.
• Such selectmen shall also forthwith call a meeting of the legal voters residing domiciled in the district to see if they will vote to establish the district, and if so to choose necessary officers therefor. They shall call the meeting and give notice thereof as town meetings are called and warned, excepting that the warrant shall be posted at 2 or more public places in the district.
• No village district shall raise or appropriate money, or reduce or rescind any appropriation of money previously authorized, at any special meeting of the inhabitants voters thereof except by vote by ballot, nor unless the ballots cast at such meeting shall be equal in number to at least 1/2 of the number of legal voters of such district at the regular meeting next preceding such special meeting; and if a checklist was used at the last preceding regular meeting the same shall be used to ascertain the number of legal voters in the district; and such checklist, corrected according to law, shall be used at such special meeting upon request of 10 legal voters. In case of an emergency arising in a district for which immediate expenditure of money is necessary, the district through its commissioners may appeal to the superior court for permission to hold a special district meeting which, if granted, shall give said meeting the same authority as the annual district meeting.

• Member congregations (and a few other member organizations) send delegates and conventioneers to participate in the plenary sessions, workshops, District gatherings, and worship services. ...
• Associate Member organizations are esteemed as inherently integral to the work of the UUA and its member congregations, and are accorded two voting delegates each to the annual General Assembly. ...

• CT Voting Districts.
• Congressional District Towns.

• Liability under §2 of the Voting Rights Act is based in part on the ability to create a "geographically compact" electoral district in which a politically cohesive minority group, otherwise excluded from the political processes by white racial bloc voting and other barriers to access, can elect the representative of its choice. Many jurisdictions, concerned about exposure to costly and withering §2 litigation, perhaps motivated by a desire to remedy perceived effects of historical discrimination, have crafted majority-minority districts during the decade following the 1982 Voting Rights Act Amendments. ... Many of these jurisdictions are in the southern states, which have labored under the long shadow of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and are now "fertile ground" for equal protection claims based on Shaw. Courts have found the leash which §2 and §5 necessarily place on race-based remedial practices in the voting sphere. ...
• " In the wake of this "enigmatic decision" which some say "has created a cottage industry for its critics," we are witnessing a fascinating and as-yet unsettled interplay between liability and remedy issues in litigation under §2 of the Voting Rights Act, as amended by the 1982 Voting Rights Act Amendments. ...
• If a jurisdiction's black population is simply too dispersed to permit creation of a geographically compact majority-black district, and if the proposed illustrative plan departs from traditional districting principles and is explainable only as an effort to segregate voters on the basis of explicit racial classifications, there can be no effective remedy and thus no §2 violation. ...
• Attainable Goals of the Voting Rights Act.
• Lyndon Johnson in 1965 called for the "Goddamnedest, toughest, voting rights bill" that his staff could devise. ...
• In 1982 when Congress amended the Voting Rights Act of 1965, one of the most controversial amendments and the subject of the most heated debates was §2.
• Section 2(a) of the Voting Rights Act prohibits any "voting qualification or prerequisite to voting or standard, practice or procedure. ...
• First, the minority group must be able to demonstrate that it is sufficiently large and geographically compact to constitute a majority in a single-member district. ...
• As the Supreme Court noted in Gingles, the Senate Judiciary Report which accompanied the 1982 Voting Rights Act Amendments elaborated on the nature of §2 violations and the proof required to establish those violations, specifying certain "objective factors" and enhancing factors which typically may be relevant to a §2 claim. ...
• The "geographically compact majority" and "minority political cohesion" showings are needed to establish that the minority has the potential to elect a representative of its own choice in some single-member district. ... And, the "minority political cohesion" and "majority bloc voting" showings are needed to establish that the challenged districting thwarts a distinctive minority vote by submerging it in a larger white voting population. ...
• that is so extremely irregular on its face that it rationally can be viewed only as an effort to segregate the races for purposes of voting, without regard for traditional districting principles and without sufficiently compelling justification. ...
• Georgia's General Assembly, at the Attorney General's urging, enacted a revised reapportionment plan that created a second majority-minority district after a previous plan had drawn a §5 objection.

• Voting locations for the 13th Legislative District .
• Updates & Endorsements - Support the Campaign - Voting Locations - Voter Links & Information.

• WV Senate District Map from WV State Legislature website. ...
• WVFL PAC Endorsed Pro-Life Candidates for West Virginia’s 1st Senatorial District.
• WV 1st Senate District (Brooke, Hancock, Ohio) Edwin Bowman (D).
• WV 2nd Senate District(Calhoun, Doddridge, Marion, Marshall, Monongalia, Ohio, Ritchie, Tyler, Wetzel) Larry Edgell (D) .
• Please do not vote for Tal Hutchins who has a 100% pro-abortion voting record. ...
• Senators Edwin Bowman and Larry Edgell were sponsors of the Women’s Right to Know Act and have solid pro-life voting records. ...
• Delegates Ken Tucker, Scott Varner, Tim Ennis, Gil White, Joe Delong and Randy Swartzmiller have solid pro-life voting records. ...
• WVFL PAC Endorsed Pro-Life Candidates for West Virginia’s 2nd Senatorial District.
• WV 2nd Senate District (Calhoun, Doddridge, Marion, Marshall, Monongalia, Ohio, Ritchie, Tyler, Wetzel) Larry Edgell (D) .
• 6th Delegate District (Doddridge, Tyler, Wetzel) Wm. ...
• WVFL PAC Endorsed Pro-Life Candidates for West Virginia’s 3rd Senatorial District.
• WV 3rd Senate District (Pleasants, Roane, Wirt, Wood) Frank Deem (R) .
• 7th Delegate District (Pleasants, Ritchie) Otis Leggett (R).
• 8th Delegate District (Wood) E. ...
• 9th Delegate District (Wood, Wirt) Larry Border (R).
• Pro-Life Delegates Tom Azinger (R), and John Ellem (R) have 100% pro-life voting records and work diligently to pass pro-life legislation. ...

• 1 Voting.
• Subject to constitutional requirements established by case law, and in some states to review by the United States Department of Justice to ensure compliance with the federal Voting Rights Act, the government of each state draws the boundaries for the House districts within the state's borders. ...
• There are also five members without voting rights (except in committee votes): delegates from the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, and the U. ...
• If there is a floor vote, or a quorum call, the electronic voting system is activated and a sequence of bells rings throughout the House side of the Capitol and in the House office building complex. ...
• Voting .
• Members vote by inserting a plastic voting card, which doubles as a photo ID, into terminals located on the backs of seats in the House chamber. ... the member abstains from voting) or to register his or her presence at a quorum call. ...
• If the voting system is down, either the clerk calls the roll and members enunciate their votes, or a "teller" vote is held in which the members fill our red or green or yellow voting cards and give them to the clerk. ...
• The Chaplain, or some guest clergy member from someone's home district, offers a prayer. ...
• , but the cameras don't usually show the empty seats: the members can play to the C-SPAN audience, especially if the member's district is on Pacific time. ...
• Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from the District of Columbia .

• As a general proposition, deviations from the "ideal district" population should be justifiable either as a result of the limitations of census geography, or as a result of the promotion of a rational state policy.
• Voting Rights Act.
• Redistricting plans must meet the provisions of the Voting Rights Act and shall be constructed so as not to impede the opportunities of blacks and other racial and ethnic groups protected by the Act to participate in the political process and elect .
• Redistricting plans are subject to the preclearance process established in Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act.
• A redistricting plan will not have either the purpose or the effect of diluting minority voting strength, and shall otherwise comply with Sections 2 and 5 of the Voting Rights Act and the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments to the Constitution.
• Counties should be used as district building blocks where possible, and to the extent consistent with other aspects of these criteria.
• Where county lines cannot be maintained, district boundaries should follow as closely as practicable the local voting precinct boundary lines in order to minimize voter confusion and cost of election administration.
• Where voting precinct boundary lines cannot be followed and also meet the geographic guidelines as stated in this section, district lines must follow census block geography in order to maintain the integrity of the statistical analysis.
• * * * Each new district so created shall be formed of contiguous and compact territory containing as nearly as practicable a relatively integrated socioeconomic area. ...
• Each congressional district must be as nearly equal in population as practicable. ...
• Redistricting plans should not have either the purpose or the effect of diluting racial minority voting strength and shall comply with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, as amended, and the 14th and 15th Amendments to the United States Constitution.
• The dilution of voting strength and participation by recognized minorities within the state population is contrary to the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the U. ... Therefore, any plan or proposed amendment to a plan having the objective of diluting the voting strength of minority citizens shall be unacceptable.
• (a) Each member of the Senate, Assembly, Congress, and the Board of Equalization shall be elected from a single-member district.
• (c) Every district shall be contiguous.
• (1) Each district shall be as compact in area as possible and the aggregate linear distance of all district boundaries shall be as short as possible. Each district shall consist of contiguous whole general election precincts. ...

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