Black Box Voting: Vote Tampering in the 21st Century The Secret Life of Bees The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference From Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict The Weekend Millionaire's Secrets to Investing in Real Estate: How to Become Wealthy in Your Spare Time Investing in Real Estate, Fourth Edition Democracy and Decision : The Pure Theory of Electoral Preference Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes are High Roman Voting Assemblies

• Electronic Voting.
• Welcome to the nightmare: In the rush to correct problems exposed by the 2000 Presidential election debacle in Florida, many municipalities were pressured or required to procure new voting systems. ... If you believe an election has been corrupted by voting equipment: .
•   This should be per voting machine per precinct for all precincts in the election (not just those machines and precincts that may be in question). ...
• Get the names and official titles of all individuals who supervised the voting system setup, operation, balloting, shut-down, and vote tabulation processes for the election. ...   If voting system vendors, staff, or contractors were involved, collect their information as well. ...
•   Some voting systems may not be capable of providing an independent recount. ...
• Attempt to obtain as much documentation as possible for all voting systems used at the election.   (Note that some regions use different systems for early/absentee voting than those used on election day. ...
• Voting Rights Act .
• A detailed explanation, along with my recommendation for appropriately configured voting equipment, is provided in the full text of this statement, available *here*. ...
• Those who are manufacturing or evaluating voting systems will find it helpful to consider two lists of questions I have developed. ... Some of the wording closely follows the Common Criteria, whose Level 4 assessment I have recommended as a minimum benchmark for voting system security. ...
• Voting Rights Act: .
• In the wake of the Florida 2000 election, a number of voting rights bills were proposed in Congress. ... House of Representatives Committee on Science convened a Hearing on Improving Voting Technology: The Role of Standards. ...

• ALTERNATIVE VOTING SYSTEMS.
• Several alternatives to plurality voting, with and without a runoff, are compared: the Hare system of single transferable vote (STV), the Borda count, cumulative voting, additional-member systems, and approval voting. The Hare system and the Borda count allow voters to rank candidates, and cumulative voting allows voters to allocate a fixed number of votes among candidates. ... Approval voting is a nonranked voting system that tends to help majority candidates.
• All these voting systems are vulnerable to strategic manipulation, with the Borda count being the most manipulable. ... Proportional representation under cumulative voting requires careful calculations by the parties and disciplined supporters. Strategic calculations may also be required under approval voting, though it is more sincere than other nonranked voting systems. Examples are given to illustrate these properties of alternative voting systems, and places where they have been used are indicated.
• The voting procedures used to elect candidates determine to a crucial degree whether elections are considered fair and their outcomes legitimate. ...
• Yet this human side of campaigns and elections is inevitably played out against a background of rules--in large part structured by voting procedures--that give election contests their shape and form if not their substance. While our focus will be on the political-strategic calculations that different procedures engender, the term "voting system" also encompasses the cultural and sociological forces that impinge on and shape election competition.
• The two best-known and most commonly used voting procedures in the United States restrict voters to voting for only one candidate, regardless of how many run. They are plurality voting (the candidate with the most votes wins) and plurality voting with a runoff (the two candidates with the most votes are paired against each other in a second, or runoff, election; the candidate with the most votes in the runoff election wins). ...
• In this chapter, we shall exclude from consideration plurality voting, with or without a runoff. We also exclude voting procedures commonly used in legislatures, councils, and other voting bodies, wherein the alternatives that are voted on are not candidates or parties but bills and resolutions. Like the procedures we discuss, these other procedures are vulnerable to strategic voting, whereby rational voters vote insincerely (not in accordance with their preferences) to try to obtain a preferred outcome.

• Approval voting.
• Approval voting is a voting system used for single-winner elections, in which each voter can vote for as many or as few candidates as the voter chooses. Approval voting is a limited form of range voting, where the range that voters are allowed to express is extremely constrained: accept or not. ...
• 3 Potential for Tactical voting.
• This is equivalent to saying that each voter may "approve" or "disapprove" each option by voting or not voting for them, and it's also equivalent to voting +1 or 0 in a range voting system. ...
• Supposing that voters voted for their two favorite candidates, the results would be as follows (a more sophisticated approach to voting is discussed below): .
• Potential for Tactical voting .
• Approval voting passes a form of the monotonicity criterion, in that voting for a candidate never lowers their chance of winning. Indeed, there is never a reason for a voter to tactically vote for a Candidate X without voting for all candidates she prefers to Candidate X. ...
• However, as approval voting does not offer a single method of expressing her sincere preferences, but rather a plethora of them, the voter is encouraged to analyze her fellow voters' preferences and use that information to decide which candidates to vote for. ...
• Instant-runoff voting advocates like the Center for Voting and Democracy argue that Approval Voting would lead to the election of "compromise candidates" disliked by few, and liked by few. ... Herschbach published in Science in 2000 argued that approval voting was "fairer" than preference voting on a number of criteria. They claimed that a close analysis shows that the hesitation to support a 'compromise candidate' to the same degree as one supports one's first choice (as approval voting requires) actually outweighs the extra votes that such second choices get. Accordingly, preference voting is more biased towards compromise candidates than approval voting - a non-obvious and surprising result. Citizens for Approval Voting was organized in December 2002 to promote the use of approval voting in all public single-winner elections. ...
• Advocates of approval voting often note that a single simple ballot can serve for single, multiple, or negative choices. ...

• March 5 — The controversial Florida recount still looms large in the minds of election officials seeking to put an end to paper voting systems and their hanging, pregnant and dimpled chads. ...
• But in California and Maryland on Tuesday, the new high-tech electronic voting machines — brought in to eliminate the specter of the Florida chaos circa 2000 — created new problems of their own. ...
• Using new voting machines called Diebold TSXs, election workers in San Diego were unable to get a "precinct control module" to work at many polling places, so the electronic "smart cards" voters use to cast their votes were not being read. ...
• Computer experts say that paperless voting — selected by Fortune magazine as "worst new technology" of 2003 — is rife with security and integrity issues. Many of these criticisms have focused on Diebold Election Systems, one of many manufacturers of electronic voting machines capitalizing on the hundreds of millions in federal dollars offered to states and counties in the Help America Vote Act of 2002, passed into law to avoid future Floridas. ...
• "Politicians and election officials have mislaid their trust, preferring expediency and convenience, thereby leaving their voting systems subject to electronic fraud and abuse," said Michael Wertheimer, a computer security expert and former National Security Agency official who tested new Diebold machines for the state of Maryland in January. ...
• "Electronic voting is safe, secure and accurate," spokesman David Bear said. ...

• Libertarian's lawsuit targets electronic voting machines.
• Paperless electronic voting machines -- such as this one from Sequoia Voting Systems -- pose a threat to Libertarians, said LP member Susan Marie Weber, who filed a lawsuit to stop their use.
• A California Libertarian who filed a potentially groundbreaking lawsuit against "touchscreen" voting systems is now waiting to learn whether an appeals court will hear oral arguments in the case.
• At stake in the case is whether the government can use Direct Recording Electronic (DRE) touchscreen voting machines in Riverside County, California. The machines use an electronic voting system that produces no paper ballots.
• "All Libertarians should be incensed that there is absolutely no way to verify any election that is on an electronic voting system. ...
• A ruling against DRE voting systems could halt their distribution in California, said Weber, and create a legal precedent that could slow their acceptance around the USA.
• The suit was filed after Riverside County installed Sequoia Voting Systems' AVC Edge System DRE voting machines.
• The lawsuit argues that touchscreen voting systems are illegal under California law and violate the Fourteenth Amendment's "equal protection" clause. According to California Elections Code §19205, all voting machines must be "safe from fraud or manipulation. ...
• District Court (Central District of California), the secretary of state's attorneys countered that the voting machines were tested for accuracy under laboratory conditions.
• In addition, according to the voting watchdog group, Election Guardians, the Sequoia Voting Systems' AVC Edge System uses proprietary software, which closes "the doors to independent analysis of the source code to see how it actually does -- or does not -- count the votes. ...
• If DRE voting systems are used, Weber asked the court to require printers to be added to the touchscreen machines, to produce a voter-verified paper ballot.
• Other California voting systems -- pre-scored punch cards, Datavote systems, and optical scan ballots -- all have a paper hardcopy ballot trail to recount in the event of machine failure, noted Weber.
• By contrast, touchscreen voting systems create "unobservable, unverifiable, non-recountable, untestable, non-public voter tallies," she said.
• In his decision, Wilson said "the state's interest in easy, attractive voting machines which might increase voter turnout outweighed the voters' interest in verifiable results," said Weber.

•    Voting Systems.
• This area of the State Board of Elections website contains information pertaining to voters and voting, such as finding a voter's districts and obtaining voter data files.
• How do I vote? Helpful information on how to use the voting systems currently in use in Illinois.
•     Voting Systems By County.

• Center for Voting and Democracy.
• The Center for Voting and Democracy is a non-profit organization based in Takoma Park, Maryland which provides information to the public about the impact of voting systems on political representation, proportional representation, and voter turnout. ...
• The Center advocates for the greater use of Instant-runoff voting in single-winner elections and Single Transferable Vote and other forms of proportional representation in multiple-winner elections. ...
• Center for Voting and Democracy .

• Available in the Voting section. ...
• Issues : Voting.
• The Bazelon Center has developed a flyer that you can circulate to help learn about problems with voting access in your area. ...
• Voting Rights of People with Mental Disabilities.
• A more detailed analysis offers approaches for challenging barriers to voting that face people with all kinds of disabilities.
• The effectiveness of the ADA has not yet been tested in several areas related to the voting rights of people with mental disabilities. The Doe case banned their improper exclusion from voting through vague or overbroad competency standards and the need for reasonable accommodations in the voting process. ...
• a friend or family member to accompany him or her into a voting booth, or .
• Just as important as ensuring that election officials are prepared to provide accommodations is educating people with disabilities about their right to voting accommodations. ...
• Narrowing Voting Exclusions. ...
• Many states have laws or regulations that bar individuals with mental disabilities from voting, whether or not they are, in fact, competent to vote. Furthermore, even where the laws themselves do not deny voting rights, the actions of election officials or staff at hospitals, ICF/MRs, group homes or other service providers deprive many individuals with mental disabilities of access to the ballot. To be sure, it may be within states' authority to limit voting rights to individuals who are capable of understanding the nature of an election and what it means to cast a ballot. ...
• However, if people with mental disabilities in your area face other barriers to exercise of their voting rights, we would be interested in hearing about those problems and discussing potential solutions. ...

• Talk:Tactical voting.
• It can even be encouraged by political partys: If a party will not be strong enough by itself to form a government, but could form a coalition government if another party would pass the 5-percent-clause it will probably encourage tactical voting. ...
• Okay, I understand how Germany's system works now, and see how this is tactical voting. ...
• I'll try to factor out the game-theory discussion into appropriate pages (like the G-S theorem page) and leave this page as an overview of how tactical voting occurs in real-life elections. ...
• Incidentally, I've just started reading the academic literature on voting systems, and I'm now embarrassed at all the pages I've put up from the activist perspective. ...

• Diebold attempts to prohibit Alameda from disclosing any information about the voting system to be used by the public and paid for with public monies, upon which the very foundation of democracy rests. ...
• Diebold also attempts to prohibit the state of Georgia from disclosing any information about the voting system to be used by the public and paid for with taxpayer money. ...
• Upon delivery of any deliverable with software or firmware, the State of Georgia will have in custody of the Secretary of State a paid up, perpetual, non-exclusive, statewide license for all Contractor Diebold software associated with the voting system. ...
• The permission will apply to all purposes associated with the Statewide Voting System, including withut limitation, elections, training, testing and education. ...
• Appendix K lists specific pieces of software, but the Georgia/Diebold contract lists "all contractor software associated with the Voting System. ...
• 7 applies to "all purposes associated with the Statewide Voting System" and the clause that says for similar purposes, the "Secretary of State may extend the permission of all use to others within the State of Georgia. ...
• Like Alameda, they fail to identify the smart card devices, or the related software, or even Diebold's custom smart card software, as part of the Georgia Voting System. ...
• These can be indicative of the county trying to resolve voting machine anomalies before filing reports. ...
• Observe how many cords come in and out of the voting machines. ...
• For example, we have already had reports that in Georgia, some poll workers were told to take voting machines home after training; Georgia flag artwork was uploaded right before the election; and other unwise and insecure procedures were followed. ...
• In fact, if you look at Chapter 13 of Black Box Voting, the San Luis Obispo incident was probably illegal (Diebold tech Sophia Lee was tied to a live vote database that appeared on the Internet five hours before the polls closed). ...
• , a Black Box Voting member, who had written to the Iowa officials asking about plans for DRE touch screen systems. ...
• The fact of the matter is on voting equipment, that EVERY piece of voting equipment in use in the world is corruptible, provide me with any technology and I can give you the same argument that these computer and blackbox people are saying are so horrible. ...
• no one voting. ...
• Show us a statistic that says people will stop voting if we scrutinize security of our voting system. ...
• And why would a "glorified calculator" need a million lines of source code? (Why would any voting system, for that matter — but a source at Wyle Labs said that by 1996, ES&S source code was 900,000 lines long. ...

• More Voting Rights News>>.
• Voting Rights .
• In 1965, Congress passed the Voting Rights Act, one of the most effective civil rights laws ever enacted. The Act immediately outlawed the worst Jim Crow laws in the South, such as literacy tests and other devices that kept black citizens out of the voting booth. ...
• Today, however, the hard won gains of the civil rights movement, and the Voting Rights Act, are in danger of being extinguished. ... In the state of Florida and at polling booths across the country, flaws in the voting system disproportionately affected people of color, effectively excluding them from the voting process. ...
• The most recent voting rights features are included directly below. ...
• Voting Rights Issues.
• Minority Voting Rights.

• (Redirected from Voting) .
• Voting is usually the final step of a meeting's decision making. ...
• In a democracy, voting most commonly implies election, i. ... In politics voting is the method by which the electorate of a democracy appoints representatives in the government. ...
• A vote, or a ballot, is the individual's acts of voting, by which he or she express support or preference for a certain motion (e. ...
• Different voting systems use different types of vote. ...
• In a voting system that uses a single vote, the voter can select one of the five that they most approve of. ... This precludes him voting for anyone else. ...
• In a voting system that uses a multiple vote, the voter can vote for any subset of the alternatives. ... Approval voting uses such multiple votes. ...
• In a voting system that uses a ranked vote, the voter has to rank the alternatives in order of preference. ... There are a great many voting systems that use ranked votes. See preference voting. ...
• In a voting system that uses a scored vote (or range vote), the voter gives each alternative a number between one and ten (the upper and lower bounds may vary). See range voting. ...
• One reason for preferring complex voting systems that may allow for these statements is to deal with the need to accommodate expressions of both tolerances and preferences in voting. ...

• On-Line Demonstration of Voting Terminal.
• Overreaction - Call for e-voting ban is misguided.
• Seniors try out voting system.
• Some 33,000 Diebold voting stations are being used simultaneously in locations across the United States to assist voters in exercising their most fundamental constitutional right: The right to vote.
• Diebold is a global leader in providing high-quality cutting-edge direct recording electronic (DRE) voting solutions to jurisdictions of all sizes, along with a comprehensive service and elections support capability that’s unmatched on a global scale. ... The AccuVote-TS™ system provides voters with an entirely new state-of-the-art design that represents a major leap forward in voting technology. ...
• Recent articles concerning electronic voting systems.

• Aussies Do It Right: E-Voting  .
• While critics in the United States grow more concerned each day about the insecurity of electronic voting machines, Australians designed a system two years ago that addressed and eased most of those concerns: They chose to make the software running their system completely open to public scrutiny. ...
• E-Voting Blunder Creates a Stir.
• No Consensus on Voting Machines.
• Critics say the development process is a model for how electronic voting machines should be made in the United States. ...
• Called eVACS, or Electronic Voting and Counting System, the system was created by a company called Software Improvements to run on Linux, an open-source operating system available on the Internet. ...
• Election officials in the Australian Capital Territory, one of eight states and territories in the country, turned to electronic voting for the same reason the United States did -- a close election in 1998 exposed errors in the state's hand-counting system. ... They decided to investigate other voting methods. ...
• It took another year for changes in Australian law to allow electronic voting to go forward. ...
• 06, 2003E-Voting Blunder Creates a Stir Sep. 10, 2003No Consensus on Voting Machines Aug. 27, 2003More Calls to Vet Voting Machines Aug. ...

• Voting system.
• Voting systems are methods (algorithms) for groups of people to select one or more options from many, taking into account the individual preferences of the group members. Voting is often seen as the defining feature of democracy, and is best known for its use in elections — but it can also be used to award prizes, to select between different plans of action, or as a means for computer programs to evaluate which solution is best for a complex problem. ...
• A key property of voting systems is that, because they are algorithms, they must be formally defined. Consensus, for example, which is sometimes put forward as a voting system, is more properly a broad way of working with others, analogous to democracy or anarchy. ...
• 1 Aspects of voting systems.
• 2 Criteria in evaluating voting systems.
• 4 Famous theoreticians of voting systems.
• Aspects of voting systems .
• Different voting systems have different forms for allowing the individual to express their tolerances or preferences. In ranked ballot or "preference" voting systems, like Instant-runoff voting, the Borda count, or a Condorcet method, voters rank the list of options in their preferred order. In range voting, voters assign numeric ratings to each option. In first-past-the-post, voters select only one option, while in approval voting, they can select as many as they want. In voting systems that allow "plumping", like cumulative voting, voters may vote for the same candidate multiple times. ...
• A voting system may select only one option, in which case it is called a "single winner system", or it may select multiple options, for example to fill a parliament. ...
• In some voting systems, voters may choose to select none of the candidates, by voting for a "None of the above" option. ...

• New E-mail alerts! Sign up now! 0 E-voting smooth on Super Tuesday.
• Electronic voting's first big test came Tuesday, as voters used computerized voting machines instead of paper ballots and punch cards to help choose who will be the Democratic Party's nominee for president. ...
• A representative for the elections division of the California secretary of state's office said some glitches arose in San Diego, which used touch screen voting machines for the first time. ...
• Other states said voting was expected to conclude without any serious problems. ...
• Security is a big issue for us, but you've got to weigh that against the advantage that electronic voting gives. ...
• Diebold's Bear said Tuesday that "electronic voting has broken down some barriers that have disenfranchised many more voters than the issues of security. ...
• Carlo LoParo, a spokesman for the Ohio secretary of state, said that six of 88 counties use electronic voting machines. ...
• In calculation errors, which we haven't seen with electronic voting devices, you probably won't find out until the results are posted. ...
• State governments are racing to install electronic voting machines as a result of the federal Help America Vote Act, which was enacted after the 2000 Florida election debacle and gives states millions of dollars if they meet certain deadlines. ...
• As part of Ohio's transition, the state hired two private contractors, Compuware Corporation and InfoSentry, to review the security procedures of Diebold's AccuVote-TS, Election Systems and Software's iVotronic, Hart InterCivic's eSlate 3000, and Sequoia Voting Systems' AVC Edge. ...
• Pentagon scraps Net voting plan February 5, 2004 .
• Security experts give e-voting thumbs down January 21, 2004 .

• The Voting Rights Struggle of Our Time.
• Now election officials everywhere are trying to prevent another Florida-style election meltdown by replacing paper-based voting systems with new, all-computerized ones. ...
• Computerized voting solves the problem of the moment – imperfect vote counting technology – but replaces it with a whole set of new problems we are only just beginning to understand. ...
• The biggest problem with computerized voting systems is that they are not transparent. There is simply no good reason for voters to trust a 100-percent computerized, paperless voting system run on proprietary software. People are not asked to exercise this kind of blind trust in any other important transaction, and voting is the most important transaction of all. ...
• It's these kinds of risks that led hundreds of respected computer scientists and technologists to sign Stanford computer science professor David Dill's Resolution on Electronic Voting, which insists there be an audit trail to back up digital ballots. ...
• Growing public awareness of these risks also led California Secretary of State Kevin Shelley earlier this year to convene a task force to study computerized voting. ... Secretary Shelley has given the public 30 days to evaluate the report and share their views with him before he decides whether he will raise the bar and require California's computerized voting machines to provide a voter-verified paper back-up of every digital ballot cast. ...
• as states and counties work to implement new voting requirements imposed under Help America Vote Act (HAVA). ...
• Computerized voting is expected to increase dramatically all over the country within the next few years due to new federal HAVA funding to replace punch card and lever machines, as well as a mandate that all polling places provide at least one voting machine that allows blind and disabled voters to cast a secret ballot without assistance. ...
• California is at the forefront of the paper trail debate because it is moving faster than other states to replace its voting systems due to a federal court order to replace Florida-style punch card voting machines, as well as the availability of $200 million in state bond funds to improve voting systems. ...
• In the past six months all three of the nation's top computerized voting vendors – Diebold, ES&S and Sequoia – have begun developing paper audit trail prototypes. ...
• But any reasonable person who takes a moment to think about it quickly understands why it's not a good idea to trust 100 percent computerized, paperless voting systems run on secret software. A voter-verified, paper audit trail is the best way to mitigate the real and perceived security risks inherent in any computerized voting system. ...
• Already there are signs that some voters lack confidence in computerized voting systems. ...

• Federal Voting Assistance Program .
• Voting Assistance Information .
• Voting Information Newsletter .
• This web site provides information to US citizens covered by the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA). ... Please see the Voting Assistance Officer Information page for more information. Secure Electronic Registration and Voting Experiment (SERVE) .
• Voting Information Center.
• Voting Assistance Workshops and e-Learning.
• e-Voting Initiatives.
• SERVICE VOTING WEB SITES .

• Our mission is to contribute to the public dialogue on Internet voting as well as to lead discussions on  collaborative decision-making in general.   THE BELL intends to  provide high-quality, non-partisan, timely  and useful information regarding privacy, security,  technology, voting, their markets and relevant policy issues.
• Read: Voting System Requirements .
• This proposal evolved during public  discussions at the Internet Voting Technology Alliance (IVTA) in September-November 2000. It recognizes the need for strict voting standards, with a set of 16 requirements that support fail-safe privacy, verifiable security and tamper-proof ballots. ...

• How to Add a Voting Booth .
• Self contained voting booth Terms and conditions.

• Part of the Voting and Elections web pages .
• Williams, chair of the NASED Voting Systems Board Technical Committee, wrote a rebuttal to the charges raised by Bev Harris. ...
• The Williams letter assures voters that whatever was found on Diebold's FTP site is irrelevant to the conduct of elections in Georgia because the only path from that site into a voting machine is through the FEC/NASED process and Georgia's certification tests. ...
• That was the first version of the hardware I saw, when it came before the Iowa Board of Examiners for Voting Machines and Electronic Voting Systems on Nov 6. ...
• In this model, the voter registration cards sent to each voter would be smartcards, allowing a voter to walk up to any voting machine in the county and cast a vote using only his or her voter registration card. ...
• See Problems with Voting System Standards .
• The FEC/NASED Voting System Standards require that all software used in voting systems be passed through a source-code audit, but there is an exemption, in both the 1990 and 2002 editions of this standard, for unmodified third-party 'COTS' software, that is, commercial off-the-shelf software produced by a third party that has not been modified for use in the voting context. ...
• There is an excellent examples of a revision to Windows that actually destroyed voter privacy on an early version of the Fidlar and Chambers direct recording electronic voting machine. ...
• The FEC/NASED Voting System Standards explicitly forbid self-modifying code. ...
• Depending on the interpretation of the restrictions on self-modification in the FEC/NASED Voting System Standards, use of these mechanisms could be problematic, and even if they are considered acceptable under the standards, their abuse introduces the possibility of security loopholes! Communication and Security.
• AccuTouch Electronic Ballot Stations can be run in isolation, but the 1990 FEC/NASED Voting System Standards required that the totals for the precinct be automatically consolidated at the precinct, and this requires some communication between the machines at the precinct when more than one direct recording electronic voting machines is used. Some voting system vendors have opted to use local area networks for this, notably Fidlar and Chambers (which became Fidlar Doubleday), while others have opted to use hand-carried cartridges of various sorts; Diebold uses PCMCIA cards, ES&S uses special and somewhat chunky custom built bricks). ...
• Programming the AccuTouch machine for a particular election is also done using PCMCIA cards written on the GEMS system at the central offices and then loaded into the voting machine, and the permanent record of the election that is stored for recount purposes is stored on a PCMCIA card (with a duplicate record stored on the internal hard drive of the voting machine in case of failure). ...
• On continued questioning, it became apparent that there was only one key used, company wide, for all of their voting products. ...
• This is not true! First, as the Global representative I talked to informed me, the I-Mark system uses only a single DES key for all voting machines they manufacture. ...
• I have frequently used this problem as an example of the weakness of the voting system standards; for example, I used it in my testimony before the House Science Committee in 2001. See Problems with Voting System Standards .

• Voting .
• , but still follow the same discussion/voting principle. ...
• As voting styles, both first-past-the-post (winner takes all) and preferential voting are reasonably simple and should be supported, policy polls work better with fpp voting (clearly distinct options). ...
• Voting is criticized on a number of levels. ... Especially the common first past the post voting style is frequently criticized for producing undesired outcomes. (It is worth pointing out, at this point, that most criticisms of voting systems focus on systems where persons/candidates are voted on, not issues. ...
• It seems to be the case that first-past-the-post voting is problematic when dealing with many similar options, such as "NPOV should be a standard policy", "NPOV should be a standard policy, but with amendment X", "NPOV should be a standard policy, but open to modification" and so on. ... Here, especially, preferential voting could tell us which option is generally most agreeable. This also avoids strategic voting, because the voter can still give his personal preference the highest ranking. ...
• In other cases with fewer, more distinct options, first past the post voting might be more appropriate and less problematic. When a poll basically boils down to "Yes", "No", and "No opinion", there does not seem to be much potential for strategic voting. ...
• Voting relies on having a clear electorate, and a means for individuals to reliably identify themselves. ...
• Presumably the poll text will be frozen once voting begins? .

• Maryland is using electronic voting machines that make it impossible to tell if your vote is being correctly counted. ...
• Primary 2004: Electronic Voting Flunks Test in Maryland.
• Montgomery County, MD: Thousands of voters in Maryland protested the use of paperless electronic voting by demanding paper ballots and demonstrating at precincts in Takoma Park, Baltimore and Annapolis. ...
• In reaction to the 2000 Presidential election in Florida, many states including Maryland are upgrading their voting systems. Unfortunately, Maryland is moving quickly to put in place electronic voting machines that make it impossible to safeguard the integrity of your vote - electronic voting machines that are not designed with an independent recount capacity - paper or otherwise. ...
• Numerous reports have found Diebold machines and other computer voting systems vulnerable to error and tampering. ...
• Leading national computer professionals and security experts have stated clearly that any computer voting system cannot be made completely secure. ...
• Add a Verifiable Voting Graphic to Your Web Site.
• • Takoma Park supports legislation to require modifications to new voting machines purchased by the State of Maryland to create a verifiable paper trail.

• I know I sound a bit petantic here, but I know if university students read a page about the specific voting system written as 'single transferable vote' they are not going to take wiki as a serious sourcebook, thinking that if wiki can't even get the name of the system correctly, how on earth can they trust the article's contents? .
• It talks about STV being a voting system, so it is explicitly and unambiguously talking about the system, not merely a description of a methodology. It is patently absurd, grammatically ludicrous and amateurish in the extreme to get something as basic as a voting system's name wrong. ...
• Preference Voting - Single Transferable Vote .
• As the evidence is so utterly overwhelming, with wikipedia standing out on the page on the net as one of a small minority not to capitalise a page dealing with the voting system (as opposed to methodology, where lower is sometimes used) I am changing the title back to the capitalised version. ...
• (to Martin) The problem with wiki articles on voting procedure is that, when a number of articles were placed by a group of political scientists (one Aussie, two Brits, one Irish and a couple of Americans) put on a series of pages on voting systems a handful of people swept in, and without knowing what they were doing, merged totally different systems into the one article thinking they were the same, broke up single articles into bits that contradicted each other, mucked up names, changes references, mucked up formulæ and then just when it looked that things couldn't get each other, a particular user who specialises in capitalisation muck ups (ie changing capitalisation in topics he doesn't know the first thing about because some dodgy google search based on a number of nutty websites told him too) swept in and lowercased proper nouns because ludicrously inaccurate web pages told him to. ...
• As a result there are glaring inaccuracies in terminology, in voting methodology, patently absurd links. ...
• In '52 and '53, BC used the Alternative Vote, aka Instant Runoff Voting, which gave voters as many ballots as candidates to be elected (most districts were single-member, but some were multi-member), effectively dividing each district into several single-member districts and allowing residents to vote in all of them. ...

• In the last election, tactical voting was seen to work for the first time. ...
• Vote Swapping -- If you're a Liberal-Democrat voter and are uncertain about voting for Labour, you can contact a Labour voter who will agree to vote Liberal-Democrat in his or her own constituency, or vice versa. ...
• Tactical Voting .
• net     General tactical voting site, with chat room and constituency guide.
• Tactical Voting Wizard    Guidance to tactical voting.
• Tactical voting in Dorset.

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