Making Votes Count : Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems National Conventions and Platforms of All Political Parties 1789-1905: Conventions, Popular, and Electoral Vote (American Classics in History and So) The National Conventions and Platforms of All Political Parties, 1789 to 1905: Convention, Popular and Electoral Vote, Also the Political Complexion The national conventions and platforms of all political parties, 1789 to 1900; convention, popular, and electoral vote, also, the political complexion of both Houses of Congress at each biennial period Proceedings of the Electoral Commission and of the two houses of Congress in joint meeting relative to the count of electoral votes cast December 6, 1876 for the Presidential term commencing March 4, 1877 After the People Vote: A Guide to the Electoral College Drawing the Map: Equality and Efficacy of the Vote in Canadian Electoral Boundary Reform (Research Studies, V. 11) How democracies vote : a study of electoral systems

• Fhstoday ELECTORAL VOTE.

• No state too small in electoral vote math.
• A few ''small'' states, rarely battlegrounds in presidential elections, have taken on new importance this year as a close race magnifies their value in the contest for 270 Electoral College votes. ...
• Democratic nominee Gore campaigned heavily in Maine and New Hampshire last week as those states, which have four electoral votes each, remain up for grabs.
• On Monday, he began his week in Arkansas, home of President Clinton and six electoral votes. ...
• If Bush can carry Arkansas, Maine and New Mexico, that would give him 15 electoral votes, which would offset the loss of a larger state, such as Missouri, which has 11 votes, or Tennessee, also with 11. ...
• Running mates, too, have been in and out of small tossup states on days when the ticket leaders are focusing on the bigger electoral prizes - states such as Illinois, Ohio, California and Pennsylvania: .
• His Republican counterpart, Dick Cheney, spent Monday in Oregon, which has seven electoral votes, and Washington state, which has 11. ...
• Fred Harris, a Democrat who is a political science professor at the University of New Mexico, said the state's large Hispanic vote keeps it from being a lock for Republicans, as some Western states are. ...
• ''Every electoral vote is going to be important. ...

• The Electoral College Inhibits Democracy.
• Bush 271 to 266!  If this doesn’t cause us to reconsider the role of the Electoral College in our democracy, then nothing will. ...
• The Electoral College is a concept whose time has passed. ...
• There are two fundamental aspects of the Electoral College that cause these problems. The first is that it awards electoral votes based on a winner-take-all method: the candidate with the highest number of votes in each state gets all of the state’s electors. ... The second is that smaller states get relatively more electoral votes, effectively giving those states more voting power. ...
• Yet all of California’s 54 electoral votes were awarded to Al Gore, effectively eliminating the votes of more than 4. ... If California’s electoral votes were allocated proportionately then George W. ...
• In addition, vote counting was difficult and not very reliable. ...
• Pre-election polls give a pretty good indication of who will win all the electoral votes. Al Gore handily carried New York 60% to George Bush’s 35%, and it was clear prior to voting who would get the majority vote in New York. So why take the time to vote for George Bush in New York and have your vote not count? .
• This is compounded by the fact that there is little incentive for individual states to increase voter turnout since they get the same number of electoral votes no matter how many people actually vote. Regardless of whether there is 100% turnout or if only one person votes in a state, that state still has the same number of electoral votes. ...
• We all learned in the last election that because of winner-take-all electoral votes, absentee votes do not matter when the number of absentee votes is less than the margin of difference in the recorded vote. ...
• We would no longer hear, “with 2% of New York’s vote in we award New York and its 33 electoral votes to …. ...

• Electoral College vs. Popular Vote.
• The 2000 presidential election has generated renewed interest in the Electoral College. Some experts have suggested that the presidential candidate who actually receives the most votes might not be elected by the Electoral College. This is because 48 states award all their electoral votes to the winner, regardless of how large their margin of victory was. Only two states—Nebraska and Maine—allocate electoral votes proportionately.

• Topic: The electoral vote.
• presidential elections are decided by a tally of electoral votes -- which are winner-take-all in virtually every state -- rather than a direct popular vote. ...
• Should presidents be elected by a national, rather than state-by-state, vote? Should candidates earn any electoral votes in states they lose by narrow margins? Or is the electoral college the best way to insure that candidates focus on the local needs and sentiments of individual states? .
• Subject: Electoral College.
• The time has come to do away with the electoral college. ... Our presidents must be elected solely by popular vote. After all, can anyone think of any kind of election for public office that is determined by so few individuals, other than for president of the United States? If my memory is correct, didn't Richard Nixon want to do away with the electoral college? If I'm wrong about that, feel free to correct me. ...
• Subject: Abolishing the Electoral College.
• There has always been discussion about abolishing the Electoral College especially in the light of developments in modern methods of communication. ... I think that as long as the electoral vote continues to reflect the popular vote, the American people will be content to leave the EC in place. However, let the electoral vote contradict the popular vote and you can be sure that the EC would be abolished with the speed of the repeal of Prohibition. ...
• Subject: the Electoral College: an argument for retention.
• The Electoral College, though not intended for that purpose, acts as a counterweight to wholesale ballot box stuffing. You may rest assured that it would be easy to do so on a national basis if the president were elected strictly on a popular vote; doing so in each of 50 states and the District would be substantially more difficult. Furthermore, there have been instances in which a president has served with an electoral majority but a popular minority: e. ...
• The fact that you suggest that Richard Nixon wanted to do away with the Electoral College is a good indicator that perhaps we should not. The Electoral College encourages coalition building and inclusive politics in all the states; this is an important intrinsic mechanism in a land of liberty where individuals tend to want to fly off on their own and would just as soon not want to have to have anything to do with any one else they didn't like. ...

• Senator Durbin spoke about his proposal to abolish the electoral college on the Senate floor on November 1, 2000. Following is his full statement as printed in the Congressional Record: THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE.
• Given the tight Presidential race this year, we have the possibility that the winning candidate for President might not win the popular vote in our country. ...
• I am introducing a joint resolution to amend the Constitution to replace the electoral college with the direct election of the President and Vice President. ...
• The electoral college is an antiquated institution that has outlived its purpose. ... Most of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 felt that the process of selecting a President should not be left up to a direct vote of the people. ...
• This compromise plan, known as the Electoral College Method, provided for the election of the President and Vice President by State appointed electors. ... If no candidate receives a simple majority of electoral votes, then the House of Representatives chooses the President from the three candidates with the greatest number of votes and the Senate similarly chooses a Vice President from the top two contenders for that office. ...
• It has been argued that smaller States have a slight advantage in the current system, because states receive a minimum of three electoral votes, regardless of their population. However, any serious study of presidential campaigns would demonstrate that the more populous states, with their large electoral prizes, as well as medium sized swing states, have the true advantage. The winner-take-all aspect in each State motivates presidential candidates to focus on States with a moderate or large number of electoral votes, assuming the candidates believe they have a chance to win the popular vote there. Less populous States with only a few electoral votes are largely ignored. ...
• The electoral college system, as it stands today, has several major defects. The most significant of these are the result of voting schemes other than a direct popular vote. The most prevalent example is the unit vote or so-called winner-take-all formula. The unit vote is the practice of awarding all of a State's electoral votes to the candidate with a popular vote plurality in the State, regardless of whether the plurality is one vote or one million votes. ... In doing my research on this isue, I learned that Maine and Nebraska vote by congressional district and allocate their Presidential electors accordingly. ...

• Meaning of electoral vote .
• elec'toral vote'.
• the vote cast in the electoral college of the U. ...
• electoral college.

• The constitution of Iceland provides for six electoral constituencies with the possibility of increase to seven. ... In addition, each party is allocated seats based on its proportion of the overall national vote in order that the number of members in parliament for each political party is more or less in balance with its electoral support at large. A party must have garnered at least five percent of the national vote in order to be eligible for these proportionality seats. ...

• First Past the Post electoral system (also First-past-the-post election system, Plurality voting, relative majority, first-past-the-post) .
• Instant-runoff voting (also redirects Instant Runoff Voting, Instant runoff voting, Alternative vote) .
• Single non-transferable vote .
• Single transferable vote (also Single Transferable Vote) .
• Supplementary Vote (also Supplementary vote ) .
• Australian electoral system .
• electoral reform .
• vote .
• vote swapping .
• talk:First Past the Post electoral system (also talk:First-past-the-post election system, talk:Plurality voting) .
• talk:Instant-runoff voting (also redirects talk:Instant Runoff Voting, talk:Instant runoff voting, talk:Alternative vote) .
• talk:Single non-transferable vote .
• talk:Single transferable vote (also talk:Single Transferable Vote) .
• talk:Supplementary Vote (also talk:Supplementary vote ) .
• talk:Australian electoral system .
• talk:electoral reform .

• See the Kids Co-nect to Elect Results of the popular and Electoral College vote and a break down of election results by demographics.
• Vote for a Student Candidate of your choice through Nov. ...
• See how closely the students' vote reflects the real vote. ...
• Check out the student-created candidates and cast your vote for your ideal candidate. Vote between October 24 - November 10, 2000. ...

• SHOULD THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE BE ELIMINATED? .
• What is the Electoral College and how does it work? .
• The structure of the Electoral College .
• The modern Electoral College .
• Has a presidential candidate ever won the popular vote  .
• The arguments: retain, disband, or reform the Electoral College? .
• Every four years, the people of the United States vote for their next president. However, these votes do not directly elect the president; they are actually first filtered through the Electoral College. The Electoral College then directly elects the president.   In the most recent presidential election, one candidate, Al Gore, won the people's vote, while the other candidate, George W. Bush, won the vote of the Electoral College – and is, therefore, the new president. This situation brings up some questions: Is the Electoral College a flaw in the democratic processes of the United States? Should the Electoral College be eliminated? .
• WHAT IS THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE AND HOW DOES IT WORK? (1) .
• In short, the Electoral College works like this: During a presidential election, each of the fifty U. ... states is worth a certain amount of points, called electoral votes, based on the population of that state. In each state, the presidential candidate who receives the most votes wins all of that state’s electoral votes. The presidential candidate who wins the most electoral votes becomes president (a minimum of 270 electoral votes is needed). ...

• October's big sport is counting electoral votes .
• Does Tennessee really still "lean Gore," as one of the latest scorecards indicates, or is it possible the Volunteer State might actually vote against its favorite son, Vice President Al Gore, as the latest polls out of Tennessee show? .
• But because the presidential race is really decided by the Electoral College - people chosen by the voters of each state to elect the president - the election in effect boils down to 25 states instead of 50. ...
• Under the electoral-college system, where it's winner take all in each state, a candidate must win a majority of electoral votes - at least 270 - to win the presidency. ...
• Soon, the state polls - and therefore the electoral map - will likely catch up to this national trend, analysts say. ...
• What It All Means: The Mysterious Workings of the Electoral College Time .
• The Fight for the Electoral College Business Week .

• Electoral Reform.
• Renewing Democracy : Debating Electoral Reform in Canada.
• Democratic Values and Electoral Systems >.
• We might vote to determine what activities we do with friends. ... As members of a political party, we might vote to elect party leaders. Members of the House of Commons vote to elect the Speaker of the House. ... In all of these instances, we vote to select people to represent us and make decisions on our behalf. ...
• Why do we vote in municipal, provincial or federal elections? .
• Do the reasons we vote in municipal, provincial or federal elections differ from the reasons that we vote in other areas of our lives? .
• The objective of this chapter is to put the first-past-the-post system into context by comparing the way we vote in provincial and federal elections with the way we vote in other circumstances, and with the way other countries vote. ...
• We often vote to select representatives or to decide options. ... Some mechanisms rely on territorial divisions; others are structured in a way that ensures that the winner is elected with a majority (more than 50 percent) of the vote. ...
• Candidates who do not receive a certain percentage of the vote are dropped from the second ballot. ... The objective of the run-off system is to elect the candidate that has received at least 50 percent of the vote. ...
• After the first ballot, the leading candidate (Candidate A) receives 40 percent of the vote, Candidate B receives 20 percent of the vote, C and D have 15 percent each, and E has 10 percent. Since more than 50 percent of the vote is necessary to win the election, a second ballot is necessary. In most instances, the weakest candidate (E) is dropped from the list and a subsequent vote is held. Following the second ballot, Candidate A receives 54 percent of the vote and is declared the winner. ...

• 4% of the vote. The presidential term lasts 5 years, and all adults older than 20 may vote. ...
• The Chamber of Deputies (Majlis al-Nuwaab) has 182 seats and members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms. ... 6% of the vote. ...
• Prior elections had resulted even more in favour of the government; the electoral code was changed to guarantee that the opposition won 34 seats. ...

• Talk:Vote.
• The discussion of electoral systems duplicates with electoral system. ...
• What happened to the right to vote or to stand for election in those years? -phma .
• The "right to vote" is something different from voting, and the list also includes the right to be elected, so I suggested a different page for the list of countries. The right to vote exists much longer, as the first democracies arose in ancient Greece. Also, for many countries you are listing universal (or for all men) suffrage, while most countries have had the possibility to vote for a long time, be it for a limit group of people, or with a different system. ...
• Hey, I tried to clean up the timeline at Vote so it was easier to read and realized I don't know what it's a timeline of. What does it mean when you include the qualifier "to stand for elections?" Does that mean in addition to the right to vote? What if the qualifier says "right to vote"? Also, what is your source? Myanmar was called Burma in 1935, and the FYR of Macedonia did not exist in 1946. ...
• For instance how can voting be a recent development in democracies or how can you stand for election in the US in 1788 (and why is that even in the list) if you can't vote in the U. ...
• The Right to Vote is not universal and in fact is a fairly recent phenomenon. Women especially were restricted at times at times only being able to vote, then eventually being able to stand for election. ...
• Turkey (to vote) .
• Mexico (to vote) .
• the right to vote for women is new. ...

• On October 29, 2003 he lost a vote of confidence in his leadership and stepped down eight days later when Michael Howard was elected to the post as the only candidate. ...
• He fought his first electoral contest in 1987 and in 1992 he stood for his current seat (Chingford and Woodford Green), succeeding the retiring Norman Tebbit. ...
• On 21 February 2003, the Independent newspaper published a story saying that a number of MPs were attempting to start the process of declaring a vote of confidence in Mr Duncan Smith. ...
• For a vote to occur, 25 Tory MPs (15 percent of their MPs) had to write to the chairman of the 1922 Committee demanding the vote. ... He also stated that he would not step down if a vote was called. ...
• By 28 October, 25 Tory MPs had indeed demanded the vote. After this was announced, Duncan Smith made an appearance in front of Tory Party headquarters in Smith Square, where he stated that he was going to "absolutely" contest the vote. The vote of confidence was held on 29 October. ...

• Voting & Elections: Electoral College .
• Consequently, they created a complex "filtering" process known as the Electoral College which was intended to insulate the selection of the President from the whims of the people. The Electoral College is comprised of "electors," individuals who cast the electoral votes for their states. ... Today, electors are "bound" or "committed" by state law to vote for the candidate who received the most popular votes in their state. With the exceptions of Maine and Nebraska, states give all of their electoral votes to the candidate who wins a majority of votes in the state. ...
• Each state has a number of electoral votes equal to the number of Senators and House Members it is eligible to send to the Congress. ... New York, then, has thirty-three electoral votes. The total number of electoral votes in the Electoral College is 538--one for each of the one hundred Senators and 435 House Members plus the three allotted to the District of Columbia by the 23rd Amendment to the Constitution. ...
• When a candidate wins the popular vote in a state, he or she wins that state's electoral votes. ...
• Under the original rules of the Electoral College, as established by the Constitution, electors cast separate votes for President and Vice-president. Whoever received a majority of electoral votes would be the President and the runner-up would become the Vice-President. However, a problem arose in the election of 1800 when Thomas Jefferson and his running mate Aaron Burr each received 73 electoral votes. When no candidate receives a clear majority of electoral votes, the Constitution specifies that the House of Representatives shall choose the President. ...
• The state's twenty-five electoral votes, ultimately awarded to George W. ... If the state of Florida had not been able to certify its electoral votes for either candidate, the winner of the election may have been determined in the United States House of Representatives. It is unclear exactly what role the House would have played under such a scenario, but the entire saga put the role of the Electoral College on center stage. Since the election, several calls have been issued to significantly reform or do away with the Electoral College. ...

• Presidential CandidateElectoral Vote Popular Vote Pct Party Running Mate(Electoral Votes) .
• The outcome of the race was determined by the electoral vote of New York, which Cleveland won with a plurality of just 1100 votes. ...

• The current position reads: “The League of Women Voters of the United States believes that the direct popular vote method for electing the President and Vice-President is essential to representative government. The League of Women Voters believes, therefore, that the Electoral College should be abolished. Our full position includes provisions for a run-off election in the event no candidates for President and Vice President receive 40 percent of the vote. ...
• The Electoral College.
• " To be elected, the candidates must receive a majority of the electoral votes, currently 270 of the total 538 (all the members of Congress plus three from the District of Columbia). ...
• The House of Representatives would select the President from among the top three candidates, each state's delegation having one vote. The Senate chooses the Vice-President from the top two candidates, with each Senator having one vote. ...
• Criticisms of the Electoral College.
• There is a real possibility that a presidential slate can receive a majority of the popular vote and not a majority of the electoral vote. In 1800, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr received an equal number of electoral votes, leading to Amendment 12. In 1824, electoral votes were divided among four strong contenders, giving Congress the duty to choose. ... The difference between them was 110,476 votes out of 11,381,032 votes cast; Cleveland won the popular vote but Harrison won the electoral vote and the election. The most notable popular vote vs. electoral vote came in the recent 2000 race between Al Gore and George Bush, with Al Gore receiving a lead of 357,852 votes (or 0. 4%), but the electoral vote of 267 to 271 gave the election to George Bush.
• There also is a possibility of no slate receiving a majority of the electoral votes if there is a strong third party receiving the electoral votes of one or more states. There is also a risk of "faithless electors," that is, those electors selected by the party vote who don't vote for the party candidate in December when the electors vote. Although this is unlikely to ever change the outcome of the election, it becomes a very real possibility if the electoral vote is extremely close. ...

• Popular Myths About Popular Vote-Electoral College Splits .
• His published works include articles on voting, elections, and electoral systems in Comparative Political Studies, Electoral Studies, Legislative Studies Quarterly, and Political Behavior. ...
• Amidst widespread allegations of fraud and irregularities, the winner of the popular vote in the presidential election failed for the first time since 1888 to win the decisive electoral-college vote. ... The Democrat, John Kennedy, was the president-elect who failed to secure the plurality of the popular vote, while the Republican, Richard Nixon, was the vice president whose popular-vote majority offered him scant consolation in defeat. ...
• Anticipating the possibility of Al Gore winning more votes than George Bush, but losing the presidency to Bush by virtue of electoral-college performance, journalists, pundits, and even political scientists and historians have, in any number of contexts, repeated the assertion that 1888 marked the last time that a president-elect failed to win the popular vote. The companion claim, sometimes left implicit, is that Kennedy narrowly beat Nixon in popular vote in 1960. ... Nonetheless, the claim is made to bolster the myth that national popular vote should be treated as an important yardstick for legitimacy. At minimum, consistency requires that anyone promoting Goreâ ™s claim to the 2000 presidency based on his winning the popular vote totals ought also to lament Kennedyâ ™s having undone Nixonâ ™s rightful win. Better yet, no claims about popular-vote pluralities conferring special legitimacy should be taken seriously.
• Note that the assertion that Nixon won more votes than Kennedy in 1960 does not rely on some kind of correction to vote totals to account for how much fraud might have exaggerated the proper Democratic vote totals in Illinois and/or Texas. ... A large part of the vote cast in Alabama in 1960 is routinely assigned to Kennedy in text and reference books, even though these votes were cast for electors who were unambiguously not supporters of the Senator from Massachusetts. ...
• For instance, Longley and Pearce traced the origin of the commonly reported 1960 popular vote results at some length in their recently published critique of the electoral college (1996, 48â “50). ... The more often people hear it repeated that Kennedy narrowly won, the more credence they seem to lend this claim, even in the rare cases in which they know that flawed logic underlies the usually reported vote totals. ... Many pages later, however, he proposes that â œthe obvious and perhaps fairest wayâ � to aggregate national vote totals â œmade Nixon the winner of the popular voteâ � (107). ...
• In the end, the initial primary awarded only one of the 11 ballot places: Free elector Bruce Henderson emerged with the largest vote total, 166,199 votes, just under 5%, but about 12,000 more than his nearest rival. ... Vote counts released on June 1 suggested that the loyalist candidates had won seven of the available seats. ... A recount was held, and, ultimately, loyalists won only 5 spots, leaving free electors in the majority on Alabamaâ ™s presidential electoral slate. ... , a free elector whose vote total in the May 31 runoff was 145,434, a 0. ...

•      First proposed in Congress in 1797, reform of the Electoral College system has always been the goal of a number of influential citizens whose success to date has been limited to rather insignificant changes embodied in the 12th Amendment.
• The Electoral College system has outnumbered all other subjects of proposed constitutional change. More than 500 amendments to the Constitution on the Electoral College have been introduced into Congress in 180 years. ...
• 1 During this period, NO PROPOSED ELECTORAL COLLEGE AMENDMENT has even been voted upon directly by both houses of Congress.
• Constitution - AND, in particular - because it has been impossible for members of jurisdictional committees of Congress, let alone all of Congress, to agree on how the Electoral College method should be reformed. ...
• (In his 1966 testimony to the Senate Subcommittee on Constitutional Amendments, he noted that the situation in which Electoral College reform was being considered in 1966, for example, seemed to him "to be much more compatible for going ahead with some kind of reform than in the years before the Supreme Court's decisions on legislative redistricting and congressional apportionment. ...
• Approaches To Electoral College Reform .
•      Electoral College reform is obviously a very complex, multi-faceted subject, calling for judgments involving political principles and mean of implementing them.
• Pros and cons of Electoral College reform proposals slant markedly according to built-in biases of various supporters or opponents. ...
•      In comparing effects of different reform proposals, the "what if" approach may be misleading because of the profound effect the Electoral College system has, and that each of the proposed reform plans would have, on the way political campaigns are conducted. ...
•      One approach is first to discuss the choices of major policy questions inherent in the presidential election process (for example, whether the people should vote directly for President or whether the states should have a direct role in the voting). ...
•      A third approach is to begin with a well-defined concept of a particular election process (for example, an Electoral College system with electors chosen by popular vote in congressional districts, with provision for a contingent election by members of both houses of Congress), and then rationalize this concept in terms of how it answers major policy questions and rememdies major defects in the existing system.
•      Our present election method contains a state-related intermediate step - the Electoral College, which casts the electoral votes of the states. ...
•      For those who desire substantial change, the principal choice is whether or not there should be a state-related step - in other words should the electoral vote be retained or should some other technique be designed to involve the states directly.
•      If one chooses to retain the electoral vote, then one must make other choices about its allocation and counting and whether there should be electors to cast the electoral votes or just electoral votes.
•      The basic alternative to a process with a state-related step is direct popular vote. ...

• New Map with Electoral Vote Counts.
• I've added electoral vote counts to the swing state map. ... And as always, I highly recommend Jim Howard's excellent Electoral College Calculator if you want to play around with the numbers.
• Listed below are links to weblogs that reference New Map with Electoral Vote Counts:.
• Electoral College Calculator .

• The first and only Electoral College vote it has won was for presidential candidate John Hospers and vice-presidential candidate Theodora B. Nathan in 1972; this was also the first electoral vote won by a woman. ...
• Their presidential ticket, John Hospers and Theodora Nathan, earned fewer than 3,000 votes, but received one electoral vote from Electoral College delegate Roger MacBride of Virginia. ...
• The ticket of Edward Clark and David Koch spent several million dollars on this campaign and earned over one percent of the popular vote, the most successful Libertarian presidential campaign to date. ...
• In 1984, the party's presidential nominee, David Bergland, only obtained ballot access in 40 states and earned only one-quarter of one percent of the popular vote. ...
• Economist Harry Browne headed the 1996 and 2000 tickets; in all of these cases, the party's presidential nominee drew in between one third and one half of one percent of the popular vote. ...
• history by raw vote totals, although not by proportion of the electorate. ...
• 9% of the vote. Then in 2002, Michael Cloud won 19% of the vote for the other Massachusetts seat in the U. ...
• In 2002, Ed Thompson won 11% of the vote for governor of Wisconsin despite being excluded from the debates. ...
• electoral system is biased against third parties by first-past-the-post voting and, in many states, by onerous ballot access laws. ... Since Libertarians are drawn from both the left and the right and many would never vote for a Republican or a Democrat, it is difficult to be sure how an election would have proceeded without a Libertarian candidate. ...

• Australian Electoral History.
• Past Federal Electoral Events and Results.
• Electoral Backgrounders.
• Electoral Newsfiles.
• Electoral Pocket Book.
• Electoral Procedures.
• International Electoral Services.
• Links to Other Electoral Sites.

• As President of the Senate (Article I, Section 3), the Vice President oversees procedural matters and is given the ability to cast a vote in the event of a tie. ...
• One duty required of President of the Senate is presiding over the counting and presentation of the Presidential and Vice Presidential electoral votes by the U. ... Electoral College, in the presence of both houses of Congress, on January 6 of the year following a U. ...
• Electoral College originally voted for two persons. ... House of Representatives would choose between the five highest vote-getters, with each state getting one vote. ...
• An even greater problem occurred in the election of 1800, when Democratic-Republicans Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied the vote. ...
• The tumultuous affair led to the adoption of Amendment XII in 1804, which directed the electors to use separate ballots to vote for the President and Vice President. ...
• The Constitution also provides that if the candidates for President and Vice President come from the same state, the electors from that state cannot vote for both. This might result in the Vice Presidential candidate receiving insufficiently many electoral votes for election even if the Presidential candidate is elected. ...
• The formal powers and role of the Vice President with a healthy, functioning President are limited to the Presidency of the Senate, including a casting vote in the event of a deadlock. This was important in the first half of 2001, as the Senators were divided 50-50 between Republicans and Democrats and thus Dick Cheney's casting vote gave the Republicans the Senate majority. ...
• The 25th Amendment provides that "Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress. ...

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