More of the Straight Dope Answers To Tough Questions The Gospel According to Luke (X-XXIV): Introduction, Translation, and Notes (Anchor Bible, Vol 28A) Being Religious, American Style : A History of Popular Religiosity in the United States False Impressions Mammoth Encyclopedia of the Unsolved Desire of the Everlasting Hills : The World Before and After Jesus Shroud The Emperor of Scent : A Story of Perfume, Obsession, and the Last Mystery of the Senses

• The Shroud Of Turin.
• Is it possible that the Shroud of Turin could simply be the work of a very clever artist living in the Middle Ages? We have already seen that the images on the Shroud look very much like those which would have been made by the body of Jesus had He actually been wrapped in this lenin cloth when He was buried in the borrowed tomb. ... But still, is it possible that the Shroud was actually painted by an artist?.
• During the 1978 testing of the Shroud by the Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP) samples were examined by Dr. ...
• McCrone reported to the STURP team that the Shroud was painted by an artist. It should be noted that his findings were met with hostility by many on the STURP team and others sympathetic to the opinion that the Shroud is authentic. ... But nonetheless his findings, according to him, indicate that the Shroud was the product of an artist not that of the burial cloth of our Lord and Savior.
• As we discussed in Part II of this series of articles, the Shroud appears to have come from the area of Jerusalem. ...
• The image on the Shroud has two very unique characteristics. ...
• Another major problem the artist theory must contend with is the fact that absolutely no Middle Ages artist developed any piece of art that would suggest that the skill was there to paint the Shroud. The answer to this charge is that perhaps the dating of the Shroud to the 1300's is the problem. It has been suggested that the Shroud that we know today may not be the same one that originally came to light by the de Charney family. It is conceivable that the Shroud (or at least one similar to it) was originally used by a church at that time as a stage prop in the very popular Easter dramas. ... It is possible that a shroud was painted to have the image of Christ on it as if it (the image) had been placed on the shroud by the blood of Jesus. Now keeping with this same theory, it is also possible that the cloth we know of as the Shroud of Turin was actually painted at a later time using one of these shrouds as the basis for the idea. Is there an artist which would have the skill necessary to do this some time after the 1300's but prior to 1532 which the Shroud of Turin is KNOWN to have existed. ... Wilson states in his book, "If any artist may be said to be equal to the Shroud's apparent anatomical expertise, that artist must be Leonardo. ...

• Benford's research recently received a grant from the Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS) to support her work in the identification of the subtle energies responsible for the alternative healing effects. ...
• Further recognition for Benford's research and theories has come through the Discover Magazine awards program which annually scours the scientific literature and other forums for new and interesting products and ideas. Discover also mails nomination packages to virtually every technology-based company and research institution. ... Benford was one of a hundred semi-finalists in both the 1999 and 2000 competitions in the category designated to "encourage and support research, study, and labor designed to produce new discoveries in all fields of endeavor for the benefit of mankind. ...
• Joseph Marino, former Benedictine monk and Catholic Priest, who is a long-time sindonologist (one who studies the Shroud of Turin), takes it one step further by linking these scientific findings to religious interpretations and looking at their possible significance. ... Louis University and has lectured and written extensively on the Shroud for nearly 25 years.   In addition to having published a Shroud newsletter, he has appeared on various radio and television programs discussing the Shroud.   Marino and Benford presented in Orvieto, Italy on August 28, 2000 a significant paper related to the controversial C-14 dating of the Shroud, which in 1988 dated the Shroud to A. ...   This paper, "Evidence for the Skewing of the C-14 Dating of the Shroud of Turin Due to Repairs," can be accessed via the preeminent Shroud website:  www. shroud. ...   Two important followup papers, "Textile Evidence Supports Skewing of Radiocarbon Date of Shroud of Turin" and "Historical Support for a 16th Century Restoration in the Shroud C-14 Sample Area" can also be accessed via that site.   Click here to see significant related findings by two members of the 1978 Shroud of Research Project (STURP) that studied the Shroud in Turin for five days; their data strongly support this theory.
• Recent research by Benford et al. ...
• This website is being provided as a resource to those who have expressed interest in the research and writings of Benford and Marino. ...   If you would like to received periodic email information about Benford and Marino's research, including related to the Shroud, send an email to Joseph Marino.

• The Millennium Project News - June 28, 1999.
• ca> Date: Mon, 28 Jun 1999 15:41:19 -0800 Fwd Date: Tue, 29 Jun 1999 11:24:10 -0400 Subject: The Millennium Project News - June 28, 1999 The Millennium Project News News and Updates from The Millennium Project http://persweb. ... The new sample photo and image archives have been added to the web site in Special Research Projects for the Mystery Contrails and Radar Anomalies to provide an initial visual presentation of these phenomena. ... Paul Anderson Director The Millennium Project _____________________________ NEWS AND REPORTS http://persweb. ... html * Latest Crop Circle Reports from England * Unknown Object Photographed Over Area 51 Prior to People's Rally * Filer's Files #25 - June 25, 1999 * SETI Swamped By Volunteer Alien-Seekers * Theorist Predicts Life in Universe is Common * NASA Launches Fossil-Finding Telescope * Hubble Catches "Cosmic Butterfly" * Hubble Completes Majestic Galaxy Portrait * The Stonedisks of Baian-Kara-Ula * Comparison of Face on Mars and Shroud of Turin * From Mars, with Love * Nessie Spotted on Nessie Cam? SPECIAL RESEARCH PROJECTS http://persweb. ... Government Y2K Grade Improves to 'B-' Mystery Contrails: * New - Sample Photo Archive Radar Anomalies: * New - Sample Image Archive _____________________________ The Millennium Project News is the e-mail update service of The Millennium Project, an independent research organization initiated in January 1999 as an alternative source of news and information to the maintream media. TMP was founded by future studies researcher Paul Anderson, also director of Circles Phenomenon Research Canada. ... 8522 Mail: Suite 202 - 2086 West 2nd Avenue Vancouver, BC V6J 1J4 Canada © The Millennium Project, 1999 .

• Top: Science: Science in Society: Skeptical Inquiry: Shroud of Turin  (4) .
• Society: Religion and Spirituality: Christianity: Jesus Christ: The Shroud of Turin  (16) .
• CSICOP - Shroud of Turin - Report on an exhibition that renewed claims of authenticity. ...
• Shroud of Turin - Skeptic's Dictionary entry argues that the shroud is a 14th century artifact. ...
• The Shroud of Turin - Applies image enhancement software, calls attention to features that suggest forgery. ...
• Shroud of Turin Research - McCrone Research Institute analysis of image finds pigments. ...
• "Shroud of Turin" search on:  .

• Templars, The Turin Shroud, and the Great Secret of Freemasonry.
•     Continuing with a theory espoused in their earlier work, The Hiram Key, the authors now suggest that the famous Shroud of Turin, thought for centuries to likely be the death image of Jesus Christ is actually that of the last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, Jacques deMolay (someone most historians have said was burned at the stake!) and that knowledge of this fact has been withheld by English freemasonry in a supposed service to a Christian agenda. ...
• Buttressing their argument with only the recent carbon-dating of the Shroud, the authors attempt to give further credibility to their theories by demeaning those who disagree with them. We'd opine that 'painstaking research' are not words they should attempt to use in describing this work and, in fact, nearly all of the major texts about the Shroud have been ignored in this work which both discredits the United Grand Lodge of England and produces a book clearly designed to attract the mass market buyer.
• (Masonicinfo note: those who're interested in the Shroud will enjoy the excellent web site titled www. shroud. com created by the Official Documenting Photographer for the Shroud of Turin Research Project, Inc. ... shroud. ...

• Shroud of Turin.
• Science > Science in Society > Skeptical Inquiry > Shroud of Turin ().
• Society > Religion and Spirituality > Christianity > Jesus Christ > The Shroud of Turin .
• The Shroud of TurinApplies image enhancement software, calls attention to features that suggest forgery. ... com/player2000gi/turin. ...
• Shroud of Turin ResearchMcCrone Research Institute analysis of image finds pigments. ... org/Shroud. ...
• Shroud of TurinSkeptic's Dictionary entry argues that the shroud is a 14th century artifact. ... com/shroud. ...
• CSICOP - Shroud of TurinReport on an exhibition that renewed claims of authenticity. ... org/articles/shroud/index2. ...
•  Submit a Site - Open Directory Project - Become an Editor.

• 'Shroud Science. ' (Shroud of Turin)Skeptical Inquirer, July-August, 1998, by Joe Nickell.
• In what Time magazine called a "sort of resurrection," the Shroud of Turin controversy has risen once again. It was sparked by the reputed burial cloth's exhibition during April and May in Turin, Italy, the first public showing in two decades. ...
• Therefore the image on the cloth, shroud advocates claimed, was "a perfect photographic negative. ...
• With the photographs began the modern era of the shroud, prompting attempts to explain the image. ...
• "Shroud Science".
• Whereas the scientific approach is to let the evidence lead to a solution, "shroud science" (or "sindonology") begins with the desired answer and then works backward, dismissing or rationalizing whatever arguments or evidence may be incompatible with it. ... Unfortunately, the forty-some-member Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP), which conducted the 1978 investigation of the shroud, was woefully unqualified for the task. ...
• In addition to a spate of new books, including Ian Wilson's The Blood and the Shroud, there was a flurry of newspaper and magazine articles as well as TV news segments. Alas, shroud science was well served by shroud journalism, whereby reporters' questions about authenticity were directed primarily to shroud proponents - rather like asking members of the Flat Earth Society about the curvature of the earth.
• Perhaps the most used word during the shroud media blitz was "mystery. ... In the case of the Shroud of Turin, the question of authenticity was long ago settled.
• Holy Shroud Investigations.

•   The Mystery and Meaning of the Shroud of Turin.
• for the Man in the Shroud While we may never know precisely whose image is emblazoned upon the ancient linen, one fact remains clear: the man in the shroud experienced a process that Twentieth-century science has failed to explain. In 1898 the mysterious 14' 3" long by 3' 5" wide linen sheet, known as the Shroud of Turin, was photographically documented for the first time. ... Matching the Biblical description of the crucifixion of Christ, the validity of the shroud has been in question since it appeared in Western Europe in 1353, far from its suspected origins in the Holy Lands over 300 years earlier. ... Since the time of the first photographs, improved techniques of imaging, and new discoveries in quantum physics, have offered fresh insight into the man in the shroud and the source of his image. In 1988, the Catholic Church commissioned a study to investigate the shroud. ... Making worldwide headlines, the 1988 study concluded that there was no human blood on the cloth and that the shroud should not be considered authentic. ... Ten years earlier, in 1978, an unprecedented effort to unlock the mystery of the shroud began, as 40 scientists initiated a study that would last for 5 years. Representing the most sophisticated laboratories of the time, including Los Alamos National Laboratories, Sandia Laboratories, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratories (JPL), the investigators were given rare access to the shroud following the public display of that year, working in shifts around the clock for five continuous days to gather their data. Completed in 1983, the Shroud of Turin Research Project's (STURP's) findings were disclosed through specialized scientific committees and technical journals, receiving very little attention from mainstream media and the general public. Through his studies of the Shroud, Braden was given access to 63 of the more than 10,000 images that documented the 1978 Shroud of Turin Research Project, as well as some of the most intriguing of the findings. Among this collection are rare images of the x-ray, ultraviolet and infra-red thermography studies, providing greater detail into the processes experienced by the man in the shroud than possible from routine examination.

• Cloudy shroud.
• The mystery of the Shroud of Turin appeared solved in the 1980s. ...
• Revisionist scholars are raising new evidence and arguments suggesting the shroud is no fake. ...
• Last year, a botanist from Hebrew University in Jerusalem reported that his analysis of pollen grains and plant images taken from the shroud places its origin near Jerusalem before the eighth century. ... The flowers, he said, apparently had been placed atop the shroud. ...
• Analyzing a small patch cut from the shroud's edge, researchers at each lab concluded that the cloth was woven between A. ... 1260 and 1390, roughly the period when the shroud surfaced in Lirey, France. At first, shroud supporters suggested that the tiny sample had been taken from a section previously damaged and rewoven and that the shroud itself was tainted with carbon residue from a 1532 fire. ...
• He claims to have discovered microbial contamination on the shroud samples, which, he says, would have dramatically altered the radiocarbon dating. ...
• Joe Nickell, senior research fellow with the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal and a leading shroud skeptic, argues that for there to be sufficient contamination to make the shroud 2,000 years old instead of a mere 700, "there would have to be twice as much bioplastic debris, by weight, as the entire shroud itself!" .
• Gove, a nuclear physicist at the University of Rochester who designed the carbon-dating technique used on the shroud, thinks Garza-Valdes may be on to something. ...
• After a public showing of the shroud this summer, church officials may allow new scientific tests. "The last word has not yet been said," says Archbishop Severino Poletto of Turin, Italy, the shroud's custodian. Yet even if the shroud should be found to date from the first century, it would not necessarily make it the burial cloth of Jesus. As one shroud researcher has said, "There's no lab test for Christ-ness. ...
• The Shroud of Turin, whether real or counterfeit, inspires the faithful who gaze on it and see the haunting visage of the crucified Christ. ... John the Baptist in Turin, Italy–only the fifth public showing in a century. ...

• Brotherhood of the Holy Shroud of Turin .
• 10122 Turin - Italy .
• Visitors to the Museum of the Shroud will be accompanied by a guide. ...
• THE BROTHERHOOD OF THE HOLY SHROUD OF TURIN AND THEIR CHURCH.
• Most books and other material about the Shroud available on the market can be purchased at the Museum.
• The crypt of the Church of the Holy Shroud where the Museum is housed. ...
• The Museum of the Shroud is in the crypt of the Church of the Holy Shroud. ... It traces the various stages of the history of the Shroud and the scientific studies on its image bringing together the pieces conserved by the Brotherhood of the Holy Shroud. ...
• The Museum provides the visitor with the information available to date on the Shroud from various angles: historical, scientific, devotional and artistic.
• The history of scientific research on the Shroud dates back to 1898, and since then researchers from various fields of expertise have tried to "read" the Shroud and its image in the attempt to disclose its mysteries. ...
• These triggered all later scientific investigations, which are documented in the museum, culminating in the astonishing three-dimensional image of the face of the Man on the Shroud processed by Giovanni Tamburelli in 1978.
• The camera Secondo Pia used to take the first photographs of the Shroud on 25 and 28 May 1898.
• Judica Cordiglia aimed at recreating the Shroud image in the laboratory (1940s) .
• Considerable space is devoted to further studies on the fabric and its weave, the microscopic traces of pollen, blood, aloes, myrrh, aragonite found in the cloth, forensic tests, the imprint of coins left on the Shroud, iconography analysis. ...
• Very important scientifically speaking is the collection of the pieces of fabric used by researchers in their experiments to explain the formation of the Shroud image. ... Pesce Delfino which supporters of the theory that the Shroud is a man-made artefact have often referred to, but even these do not possess all the characteristics of the Shroud image which has endured relatively unchanged over centuries. ...

• The Turin Shroud & the Sudarium, part II.
• Down in the crypt, Kristin Kazyak paced before a life-sized color photograph of the Shroud of Turin. ...
• Finally, someone asked a new question: Isn't there another cloth similar to the shroud?.
• The first -- from the shroud -- showed its famous herringbone weave. ...
• "When you take a photograph of the blood on the back of the head on the shroud and you superimpose it over a photograph of the blood on the back of the head on the Oviedo cloth, they match," explained Kazyak. ...
• This is hard to explain if, as carbon-14 tests indicated, the shroud was created between 1260 and 1390 A. ...
• What is the Sudarium? The Gospel of John says that when Peter and John reached the tomb of Jesus, they found a shroud and "the napkin, which had been on his head, not lying with the linen clothes but rolled up in a place by itself. ...
• This bloody, unclean cloth would be removed as the body was placed in a proper shroud, and then left in the tomb. Researchers who believe both cloths are genuine theorize that this is why the Oviedo cloth does not contain a scorched image, like the shroud.
• According to work by Avinoam Danin, a Jewish botanist at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, the Turin Shroud contains pollens from a thistle plant, the Gundelia tournefortii, which grows only in the Middle East. ... It blooms in the spring -- near Easter -- and the imprint of a flower from the plant was found near the shroud's head image.
• Obviously, research must continue on these mysterious pieces of linen, said Barrie Schwortz, chief photographer for the 1978 Shroud of Turin Research Project. The shroud will be on display between Aug. ...
• "If these blood patterns came from contact with the same face, then that means those Medieval carbon dates for the shroud are off by six or seven centuries and maybe more," said Schwortz. ...
•  <<New questions about the shroud, part one  .

• Computer-enhanced ultraviolet image of the Turin Shroud, .
• Scientists are not agreed either on the dating or on a general assessment of the Shroud of Turin, .
• This discussion, together with a complete review of the ongoing Shroud investigations, .
• shroud. ...
• The Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP): .
• shroud. ...
• It is clear that there has been a direct contact of the Shroud with a body, which explains certain features such as scourge marks, as well as the blood. ... For an adequate explanation for the image of the Shroud, one must have an explanation which is scientifically sound, from a physical, chemical, biological and medical viewpoint. At the present, this type of solution does not appear to be obtainable by the best efforts of the members of the Shroud Team. Furthermore, experiments in physics and chemistry with old linen have failed to reproduce adequately the phenomenon presented by the Shroud of Turin. ...
•        We can conclude for now that the Shroud image is that of a real human form of a scourged, crucified man. ...

• You are here -> Community Home -> Feature Articles -> The Shroud of Turin .
• The Shroud of Turin.
• The Shroud of Turin is said to be the death shroud of Jesus Christ of Nazareth. ...
• The documented history of the shroud began in 1350. This date also happens to be the age of the shroud as determined by a carbon dating that took place in 1988. ...
• Extensive scientific tests conducted in 1978 does, however, indicate that the shroud is much more than a medieval hoax. The Shroud of Turin Research Project was a group of American scientists who conducted tests on the shroud. ... It is clear that there has been a direct contact of the Shroud with a body, which explains certain features such as scourge marks, as well as the blood. ... For an adequate explanation for the image of the Shroud, one must have an explanation which is scientifically sound, from a physical, chemical, biological and medical viewpoint. At the present, this type of solution does not appear to be obtainable by the best efforts of the members of the Shroud Team. ...
• We can conclude for now that the Shroud image is that of a real human form of a scourged, crucified man. ...
• While the validity of the Shroud may never be known, Christians throughout the world still look to the Shroud as a holy artifact, worthy of preservation and study. ...
• The Shroud is not displayed regularly, yet visitors to Turin, Italy may visit the crypt of the Church of the Holy Shroud where the Shroud of Turin Museum is housed. ...
• Shroud of Turin.
• Shroud 2000 .

• Even more hostile to the Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP) team was its contributing expert of microscopy, Walter McCrone. One cannot read any book about the Shroud of Turin, pro-authenticity or con, without reading about the conflict between many STURP members and McCrone. ... His conclusion? The Shroud was a painting. ... They were found just as frequently in non-image areas! It is known that many medieval artists brought the Shroud to their studios, where they made crude "copies. " As a blessing for their work, they would even press their finished work upon the original! Also, the Shroud was often displayed in old cathedrals, where frescos would peel and shed their layers. ...
• Three samples of the shroud were taken from one highly handled and possibly rewoven corner of the Shroud. ... The three labs came up with a medieval date for the shroud, between 1260 and 1390 AD. This didn't seem compatible with artistic and historic references to the man on the Shroud. A Byzantine ivory, dated 1100 AD, depicts the body of Christ being laid in the tomb in the exact position of the man depicted on the Shroud. ... It also has the thumbs invisible, and the body is being laid on a shroud. ...
• Both the nose and beard are the same length of that on the Shroud's image. ... The same pollens and limestone dust, many of which are specific to Jerusalem, are found on both the Shroud and the Sudarium. If these two linens were in contact with the same body, it would indicate that the Shroud's carbon dating is wrong. ...
• Many debates are currently raging as to how reliable the carbon dating of the Shroud actually is. ... The shroud has since been proven to be infested with this same "bioplastic coating. ...
• Will the shroud ever be carbon dated again? I doubt it. ... But another possibility of redating the Shroud exists! Perhaps a DNA profile (degraded as it would naturally be) can be performed on both the Shroud's blood and the Sudarium's blood. If a strong match occurs, this will discredit the 1988 dating and move the Shroud to at least the eighth century AD. ...

• SHROUD OF TURIN PICTURE TOUR WITH DR JOHN DESALVO.
• DeSalvo, the Director of the Great Pyramid of Giza Research Association was also involved in studying the Shroud of Turin. ...
•   He is Executive Vice President for the Association of Scientists and Scholars International for the Shroud of Turin (ASSIST), the largest and oldest Shroud research organization in the world.   He was also a research consultant to the Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP).   He has been involved in Shroud research for over 20 years. ...   He has published several articles on the Shroud and is the contributing science editor for the book "Sindon, a Layman's Guide to the Shroud of Turin" (out of print). ... DeSalvo is also the Director of the Great Pyramid of Giza Research Association.
• The Shroud of Turin is a piece of ancient linen cloth that measures about 14 feet long by 3 1/2 feet wide, and on this cloth is a very faint imprint of a human being who appears to have been crucified.   Legend has it that this Shroud is actually the burial cloth of Jesus Christ.   The Shroud takes it's name from its present location which is in the Cathedral of John the Baptist in Turin Italy.
• SLIDE 1 - THE LOCATION OF THE SHROUD SINCE 1357 .
• Historically, we can only document the precise location of the Shroud from 1357 to the present.   This is important because if the Shroud is a forgery it would have to have been made prior to 1357.   In that year, the first known public exposition of the Shroud was held in Lirey, France.   From Lirey, the Shroud went to Chambery,  France.   While in Chambery, in the year 1532, there was a fire in the Chapel in which the Shroud was kept.   Fortunately, very little damage was done to the Shroud.   Than in 1578 it was brought across the Alps to Turin, Italy where it remains to the present. ...

• TEST SHROUDED IN MYSTERY PASADENA, CA - In 1983 the Vatican inherited the Shroud, when its .
• TEST SHROUDED IN MYSTERY PASADENA, CA -- In 1983 the Vatican inherited the Shroud, when its owner, the exiled King Umberto of Italy, died. ... But late in 1986 came the headlines, "Pope Allows Tests on Shroud of Turin. " The story arose out of a communique issued by the Archbishop of Turin on October 4th. ... " CSICOP has written several letters to the Vatican and the Archbishop of Turin, but none have been answered. ... There is world interest in the testing of the Shroud. ... CSICOP believes collection of specimens from the shroud should be done by disinterested parties in front of independent and neutral observers to positively ensure the authenticity of the samples. ... A chain of evidence involves a verifiable secure history of the movement of samples from the time of taking it from the Shroud to the testing. ... CSICOP urges that the collection of shroud samples and suitable control specimens, the keying of same, and the custody of the key to the identities of the specimens be performed by disinterested per- sons, specifically, that church authorities, or such groups as Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP) and Association of Scholars and Scientists International for the Shroud of Turin (ASSIST) or, on the other hand, any skeptical groups, be kept from direct involvement. ...

• Shroud's Scientific Research (Part 2 of 4).
• Last week, Straight Answers provided an introductory overview of the Shroud of Turin, which is believed by many to be the burial cloth of our Lord. This week, we will review the scientific research gathered on the Shroud, especially by the STURP (Shroud of Turin Research Project) team in 1978. The information presented is gleaned from a variety of sources, but an excellent book released last Spring entitled The Blood of the Shroud by Ian Wilson provides the most recent and thorough presentation.
• As an aside, I have a special interest in the Shroud. ... John Jackson, from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California a member of the STURP team, gave a lecture on the Shroud and the scientific evidence they had gathered. Also, last May, 1998, two priest friends and I went to Turin to view the Shroud, which was on exhibition. While I personally believe that the Shroud is authentic, the Church has not declared it so, and therefore, this article will refer to the image of the Shroud as that of an anonymous " man" rather than our Lord Jesus Christ; yet, the parallels between the two will be noted.
• Here is a brief overview of the major scientific findings: the Shroud is a long, linen sheet about 4. ... Jesus would have been laid down on top of the Shroud, and then it would have been folded over Him. ...
• The Shroud is made of linen. ... This cloth is also very durable: Egyptian linen wrappings on mummies at least 4,000 years old survive to this day, which means the Shroud could have been produced at the time of Christ.
• Pollen evidence also places the origins of the Shroud in the Middle East. ... Max Frei of the University of Zurich and founder of the Zurich Criminal Police’s Scientific Service found pollen, spores, and molds common to the habitats of the places where the Shroud had been reported. ...
• The Shroud depicts the image of a man, slightly under six feet tall, who suffered the brutal death of crucifixion. ...
• The thumbs of the man in the Shroud are hidden due to this nailing. ...

• Conference posters from the UIUC Mummy project and the World Heritage Museum Merovingian belt buckle study were displayed, and refreshments were speedily consumed. ...
• We are pleased to welcome Mary Hynes, a graduate student in Anthropology working under Helaine Silverman, as our new ATAM research assistant. Mary's research is in ceramic technology, ceramic ecology, and residue analysis with a focus on the Formative culture of Paracas of south coastal Peru. ...
• Joyce McMillan (Materials Research Laboratory), a long-time member of the ATAM faculty, has joined the ATAM Steering Committee. ...
• CURRENT RESEARCH .
• Pankaj Sarin (Materials Science and Engineering) completed analyses of Etruscan slag, Cappadocian and Assyrian fresco pigments, and a Chinese bronze mirror under a joint Research Board project supervised by Sarah Wisseman and Wendell Williams. ...
• Special thanks to our collaborators on these analyses: Trudy Kriven (Materials Science, UIUC), the UIUC Cement Center, the Center for Microanalysis at the Materials Research Laboratory (UIUC), Greg Warden (Southern Methodist University), Robert Ousterhout (Architecture, UIUC), Laura D'Alessandro (Oriental Institute, University of Chicago) and Changsui Wang (University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei). ...
• Wendell Williams and Pankaj Sarin are pursuing a new project, a comparison of composition of 18th century Wedgwood ceramics made at the original factory according to the recipes of founder Josiah Wedgwood and imitation Wedgwood made elsewhere. ...
• Some of the most interesting papers were on the complexity of metal ore mineralogy and geochemistry (providing insight on our Etruscan slag project) and the rituals associated with iron smelting in Africa ("Sex and Iron Smelting:A Malawian Metaphor").
• Although the themes, funding, and organization of the proposed center are not yet clarified, the proposal raises interesting new possibilities for ATAM expansion and a potential of increasing funding for larger research projects. ...
• In addition to the usual debates on the Shroud of Turin and the Getty Kouros, we have added a class discussion on Piltdown Man (comparing past and present techniques for detecting forgeries). ...
• After enthusiastic approval from the ATAM Steering Committee and the Vice Chancellor for Research, the "Wendell S. ...
• Director Sarah Wisseman now has a second job, managing the database project at the World Heritage Museum and serving on the Planning Committee for the Spurlock Museum of World Cultures. ...

• The Shroud of Turin.
• The Shroud Of Turin.
• The Shroud of Turin is one of the most venerated, most remarkable, most mysterious, most thoroughly studied artifacts in the world today. Believed by many to be the actual burial cloth of Christ, the Shroud made its first recorded appearance in 14th century France. Housed in the Italian city of Turin since 1578, renewed interest was generated in 1898 when the first photographs were made of the relic and it was discovered that the image on the Shroud was a photographic negative! How was such an image made? And how does one explain the incredibly life-like details which are remarkably consistent with Biblical accounts of Christ's crucifixion? Historians, pathologists, linguists, biblical scholars, textile experts, chemists, physicists, photographic specialists, artists, botanists, microbiologists and other scientists from around the world have been trying to answer these important questions for decades.
• In the case of the Shroud of Turin, it has been publicly declared a forgery by both Roman Catholic Church officials and prominent scientists. In 1389 the local bishop of Troyes denounced the Shroud claiming an artist had confessed to forging it. More recently, in 1988, after three different laboratories Carbon-14 dated the Shroud and found it to be some 1200 years younger than it should have been, the Roman Catholic Church announced to the world the results of the test. As word spread that the Shroud of Turin was, after all, a medieval forgery, a firestorm was created in the Shroud community. While scores of Shroud scientists hotly challenged the entire Carbon-14 testing procedure, as well as the test results, lay people around the world had to wrestle with what appeared to be solid scientific proof that the Shroud was a fake. ...
• So where are things at now? Is the Shroud of Turin authentic, or not? Could a medieval artist, or for that matter, any artist, have forged it? And if the Shroud is an authentic burial cloth from the first century, is the man whose crucified image appears on the Shroud actually that of Jesus Christ?.
• Combining ongoing discoveries about ancient Palestine with cutting-edge scientific analysis, a growing number of scientists (Christian, Jewish, agnostic and otherwise) are coming to the conclusion that the Shroud is indeed the actual burial cloth of Jesus Christ. If this is true, then not only does the Shroud bear witness to the fact that a man named Jesus actually lived and died in ancient Palestine, but it may also present physical proof that some kind of miraculous event took place after his death which caused his image to be imprinted on the Shroud! What's more, we may also be able to learn something about Jesus himself: What his physical characteristics were like, what kind of Jewish traditions he adhered to and rejected, how he, and his body, faced a horribly violent death.
• So what, exactly, do we know about the Shroud of Turin? Here are some of the astonishing findings that modern day science has uncovered so far:.
• The body that appears on the Shroud is naked. ...
• The man that appears on the Shroud was crucified with nails driven through his wrists. ...

• 3821 6 pt 6 pt 0 3 Debunking the Shroud of Turin :.
• “Shroud Science”.
•   The Shroud of Turin, which is a religious icon that brings faith to many believers around the world, epitomizes the clash of science and religion as its authenticity has been hotly debated. ...
• The first historical evidence of the Shroud of Turin dates back to 1389, where it is first written about in a letter from the bishop of Troyes, France to Pope Clement VII.   The bishop complains of a piece of linen, approximately 14 feet long and 3 feet wide with the front and back images of a crucified man, being falsely displayed in the village of Lirey since the year 1355 as the true burial shroud of Christ. ...   In a time when forgery of relics was common due to the great money brought in by pilgrimages, the shroud was determined to be a hoax for monetary gain.   Pope Clement VII permitted the continued exhibition of the shroud with the stipulation that an announcement was continually made which denounced the authenticity of the shroud as Christ’s burial cloth, referring to it as an artist’s rendition of the crucifixion. ...
• The shroud arrived in Turin, Italy in 1578 after narrowly escaping a fire in 1532. ...   However, it was during the 1898 exhibit that the so-called mystery of the Shroud of Turin was resurrected and introduced to the scientific community.   It was here that the first photographs of the shroud were taken by Secondo Pia, revealing a much clearer negative of a man.   Since then, numerous “scientific” investigations have taken place in order to verify, or disprove, the authenticity of the Shroud of Turin.   Most notably, in 1978, the Shroud of Turin Research Project(STURP) was organized to determine the cause of the image, and thus its authenticity.   The STURP group concluded that the shroud was in fact the burial cloth of Jesus, based on supposed evidence which will be presented in subsequent sections.   However, it is important, or rather essential, to note that with the exception of one or two researchers, all of the scientists involved joined the project with a preconceived belief in the authenticity of the Shroud of Turin.   Most recently, the Shroud of Turin was again rescued from a fire in 1997 before being placed on exhibit in the years 1998 and 2000, again leading to a surge in pro-authenticity propaganda. ...
• Radiocarbon Dating:     Three samples taken from the Shroud of Turin were sent to three independent laboratories which are leaders in the use of radiocarbon dating, including:  Zurich, Switzerland; Oxford, England; and Tucson, Arizona. ...   All three laboratories dated the shroud between 1260 and 1390 A. ... , thirteen centuries after Jesus and corresponding with the shroud’s first appearance in historical documentation.   Not surprisingly, this dating outraged many proponents for the authenticity of the Shroud of Turin, causing many accusations to be made in an attempt to discredit what usually is considered a definitive scientific methodology.   First, advocates claimed that the samples which were dated came from portions of the shroud which had been patched following the fires, thus throwing off the dates. ...   Another assertion presented by proponents of the shroud was concerned with contamination of the linen used in the dating, which would result in inaccurate dates.   Specifically, researchers Stephen Mattingly and Leoncio Garza-Valdez claimed to have found microbes on the Shroud which formed a biogenic plastic coating over the fibers.    However, through simple calculations it has demonstrated that in order for the dating of the Shroud to be skewed by thirteen centuries, there would have to be an amount of contamination two-times the weight of the shroud itself. ...

• New Research Indicates Turin Shroud May Be From Holy Land -- 06/18/1999 .
• New Research Indicates Turin Shroud May Be From Holy Land.
• Jerusalem (CNS) - Israeli scholars investigating pollen and plant images on the Shroud of Turin - believed by some Christians to have been Jesus' burial cloth - say their findings support the proposition that it originated in or around Israel.
• "It is highly probable the shroud did in fact come from this part of the world," said Hebrew University botany professor Avinoam Danin, who along with Uri Baruch, a pollen expert at the Israel Antiquities Authority publicized their findings at an ecology and environment conference in Jerusalem this week.
• The two declined to be drawn into a discussion on the possible authenticity of the shroud as the material wrapped around Jesus' body after his crucifixion, but said they believed it dated to the 8th century or earlier.
• The shroud, which has been kept in a cathedral in Turin, Italy since the 16th century, is revered as a holy relic by many Catholics, although the Roman Catholic Church has not officially designated is as such.
• British scientists carried out carbon-dating tests on pieces of the shroud in 1988, and concluded that it was a medieval fake, dating some time between 1260 and 1390.
• He said 36 per cent of the 250 pollen grains found on the shroud were from a thorny thistle species called Goundelia tournefortii. ...
• Alan and Mary Whanger of Duke University in North Carolina, who studied non-body images on the shroud for many years - and who asked Danin and Baruch to undertake the project - believe this to be the plant from which Jesus' crown of thorns was fashioned. ...
• "The pollen grains couldn't have reached the shroud in such great quantity unless the plant was on the shroud itself. ...
• The second part of the investigation related to images of plants on the shroud. ...
• Danin said another, smaller piece of cloth revered by some Catholics, known as the Sudarium of Oviedo, in Spain, had already been found by experts to display identical blood type and size and shape of bloodstains as the shroud. It was thus believed to have been used to cover the face of the man whose image appears on the Shroud of Turin.
• Danin said the Sudarium, too, had delivered grains of pollen from the same thorny thistle species found on the shroud. ...
• "These plants lead us to state that the Shroud of Turin existed before the 8th century; that it originated in the vicinity of Jerusalem; and that the assemblage of plants became part of the shroud in the spring months of March-April," .
• It appears that bunches or bouquets of flowers were placed alongside the body of the man of the shroud - whoever he was - leaving the imprints and pollen grains on the material.

• The Shroud Of Turin.
• I remember first hearing about the Shroud of Turin (sometimes referred to as The Holy Shroud) when I was a teenager. I remember thinking how interesting it was that perhaps this shroud existed. Undoubtedly, I have read and heard of the Shroud often times since. ... Recently I saw a segment on the television program Unsolved Mysteries concerning the Shroud of Turin. ... The conclusion of the segment was basically that science has determined that it cannot be as old as 2000 years and therefore cannot be The Holy Shroud.
• The scientific test which was supposedly the final nail in the coffin of the shroud was a test of its age via the Carbon 14 dating method. According to the test that was conducted on the shroud, it could not have existed prior to about 1400 AD. ... As we will discuss in a future part of this series of articles on The Shroud Of Turin, the Carbon 14 Method of dating objects is not accurate. But before we get to that discussion, we must first go back and talk about the history of the shroud and how we got to the point of conducting this test.
• First of all, what is The Shroud of Turin? After Jesus died on the cross, He was buried in a borrowed tomb which belonged to a man named Joseph of Arimathea. ...
• The Shroud of Turin is reported to be this very burial cloth mentioned in this passage. The Shroud is 14½ feet long by 3½ feet wide. As you can see from these dimensions, this Shroud is of sufficient size to completely cover a normal size man from head to foot, both front and back.
• What makes The Shroud of Turin so interesting is not that the cloth is of sufficient size to have been the actual burial cloth of Jesus. The Shroud of Turin is much more than just a piece of lenin. ...

• The Holy Shroud .
• The Shroud can't be seen has an other relic, it's another kind of help and proof for the Christian today and for the " hard time " may come for the Christianity, and any help or proof will be welcome in these comming hard time. ...
• In the magazine " Le Figaro Magazine " ( international edition ), they expose the facts about the Holy Shroud, including the fact that the Sroud never have any paint on its surface, even under an electronic microscope and with deep chimical analysis, the image on the Shroud cannot be done by man. They also explain that a 1993 scientific symposium in Italy reject the result of the carbon 14 test of 1988 on the Shroud. ... They all concluded with no doubt that the Shroud of Turin are the truth Sroud of Jesus Christ. ...
• To completed that file about the Holy Shroud , I want to show you an article write in October 1994. ...
• In 1988, three universities used radiocarbon 14 dating to estimate that the Shroud of Turin (the supposed burial cloth of Jesus) was made in the 14th century. This study seemed to prove that the Shroud was a fraud. ...
• Dmitri Kouznetsov, a Russian biochemist, has completed a three year study on the properties of textiles, particularly linen, the cloth used in the Shroud. ... He notes, "Our calculations yeild the result that the shroud's corrected radiocarbon age should be more than 1,800 years before the present". ...
• And before anyone writes him off as an apologist, one should consider that his research has been accepted for publication in Analytical Chemistry (a widely respected scientific journal). What this means is that Kouznetsov's research has already been judged by his scientific peers and has been found worthy of publication in a scientific journal. ...
• THE HOLY SHROUD ( A little part of the book ) .
• Evidence of a scientific forgery against The Holy Shroud. ...
• By placing the Holy Shroud at the centre of this events, the four Evangelists testify, moreover, that this holy relic, evidence of the lord`s Ressurection, was held in venerationby the faithful of the primitive community as "a most important and precious cloth". For this reason, it was kept and handed down from generation to generation through stages which are now better known to us through the positive research stimulated these past two years as a result of an aberrant carbon 14 dating. ...

• A Shroud Of Mystery! .
• An amazingly detailed picture of a bearded man who had been beaten about the body, crowned with thorns & pierced with nails through the wrists & the feet," is how Newsweek magazine described the Shroud of Turin. ...
• Technical progress had made it possible for the first photograph of the the Shroud to be taken. ... Pia's sensational photograph showed that the actual image on the Shroud was a negative image! .
• How could a negative image be produced on a piece of cloth centuries before the invention of photography? Scores of specialists from all over the world began to earnestly study the mysterious Shroud. ...
• The educational magazine, National Geographic, reports that the face on the Shroud, hauntingly serene in death, would grace a masterpiece of art. ...
• In 1978, the Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP) came into being. Scores of the World's top scientists, pathologists, textile experts, chemists, physicists & photographic specialists obtained permission to spend five days thoroughly examining the mysterious cloth in Turin, Italy.
• "NO QUESTION IN MY MIND! There was a scourged, crucified man in the Shroud. ...
• "If I were asked in a court of law to stake my professional reputation on the validity of the shroud of Turin, I would answer very positively & firmly that it is the burialcloth of Christ. It's Jesus Whose figure appears on the Shroud. ...
• "My tests have convinced me that this Shroud is IN FACT the cloth in which CHRIST'S BODY was wrapped. I have isolated from the Shroud more than a dozen pollen grains from plants that grow only around Jerusalem & its deserts. ...
• The STURP scientists concluded that the image on the Shroud could not be the work of a painter or artist, for it is too thin, & lies only on the very topmost surface of the threads, nor has it soaked into or left any deposits between the threads as would happen had it been painted. ...
• It is now being suggested that an unknown energy force was applied to the lifeless body wrapped within the Shroud, & that a burst of extremely high intensity heat or light for an extremely short duration--probably milliseconds--somehow caused the Shroud to become a primitive polaroid film. ...
• NEW EVIDENCE THAT THE SHROUD IS REAL.

• Buy Shroud Of Turin Products - williamandamber. comWe link to merchants which offer Shroud Of Turin products for sale.
• Buy Shroud Of Turin Products - qksrv. netWe link to eBay where you can buy and sell Shroud Of Turin products.
• com - Save Money and Buy Shroud Of Turin On Ebay! - qksrv. netFind Shroud Of Turin and anything you are looking for on Ebay. ...
• Shroud of Turin.
• Science > Science in Society > Skeptical Inquiry > Shroud of Turin    Go to Directory Home   .
•     Society > Religion and Spirituality > Christianity > Jesus Christ > The Shroud of Turin  (17).
• Shroud of Turin Research - http://www. ... org/Shroud. html McCrone Research Institute analysis of image finds pigments. ...
• Shroud of Turin - http://skepdic. com/shroud. html Skeptic's Dictionary entry argues that the shroud is a 14th century artifact.
• The Shroud of Turin - http://www. ... com/player2000gi/turin. ...

Do you have a great site about Shroud Of Turin Research Project? Is your Shroud Of Turin Research Project site listed here? Would you like a prefered placement of your site in this directory?

It's easy! First place, the HTML from the box below on your page that you would like listed in this directory.

Then use our link submission request with your name, your contact information, and the URL of your site that has a link to this directory. After we verify your link to us, we'll make sure your site stays in our directory, and we'll give it prefered placement here also.

Here is how to make a simple text link to us. Just copy the code in this box to your website:

We can also develop a custom Guide To The Internet for your site. Please request your own custom Guide To The Internet.