The Shroud of Turin: The Most Up-To-Date Analysis of All the Facts Regarding the Church's Controversial Relic Relics: The Shroud of Turin, the True Cross, the Blood of Januarius...History, Mysticism, and the Catholic Church Sacred Blood, Sacred Image : The Sudarium of Oviedo, New Evidence for the Authenticity of the Shroud of Turin The Shroud of Turin: An Adventure of Discovery Second Messiah: Templars, the Turin Shroud and the Great Secret of Freemasonry The Mystery of the Shroud of Turin: New Scientific Evidence The Shroud of Turin: A Case of Authenticity Holy Shroud of Turin Report on the Shroud of Turin

• Poster > Religion > Christianity > Shroud of Turin Poster.
• Shroud of Turin.

• Science & the shroud.
• High magnification close-up of a shroud fiber (108k) .
• Hoax or holy grail? The argument about the Shroud of Turin spans centuries. ...
• Researchers from the Health Science Center now appear to have the clue to resolve a scientific contradiction: If the shroud is authentic, why does radiocarbon dating indicate that the cloth is no more than about 700 years old?.
• The shroud is unquestionably old. ... The results said the shroud dated back to 1260-1390, and thus is much too new to be Jesus' burial linen.
• Now the date and other shroud controversies are under intense scrutiny because of discoveries by a team led by Leoncio A. ...
• After months examining microscopic samples, the team concluded in January that the Shroud of Turin is centuries older than its carbon date. ... Garza said the shroud's fibers are coated with bacteria and fungi that have grown for centuries. ...
• The shroud's ultimate custodian, the Catholic Church, has declined to designate the San Antonio fibers as an official sample. ... Garza received them in Turin, Italy, in 1993 from Giovanni Riggi di Numana, who took the official shroud samples for the carbon dating in the '80s.
• Garza's hypothesis, however, transcends the shroud, and it is being taken seriously by archaeologists, microbiologists, and even those most This site was awarded a Times Pick by the Los Angeles Times on May 8, 1998. ...
• The site performed parts of the 1988 carbon dating of the shroud.
• Could this be true of the Shroud of Turin?.
• Garza traveled to Turin, and examined a shroud sample with the approval of Catholic authorities. ...
• Garza returned to San Antonio with a few threads from the lower right corner of the shroud. ... "Archaeomicrobiology," as they describe their discipline, had never been used before on the shroud or almost any other artifact.

• :: Face in the Shroud.
• The face that appeared in the Shroud of Turin when a negative image of the shroud is taken. ...
• Code10 » Mysteries of Bible » Shroud of Turin.
• :: Shroud of Turin.
• The Shroud of Turin is a centuries old linen cloth that bears the image of a crucified man. ...
• Modern, twentieth century science has completed hundreds of thousands of hours of detailed study and intense research on the Shroud. ...
• :: Leonardo and the Shroud.
• :: Shroud Links.
• » Leonardo and the Shroud.
• »» The Shroud of Turin by Mary Whanger .
• »» The Shroud of Turin by C. ...
• »» Report on the Shroud of. ...
• »» The Shroud of Turin by Vittorio Guerrera.
• »» The Shroud of Turin by Michael Minor.
• »» Turin Shroud and Science by Leonard W. ...
• »» Inquest on the Shroud of Turin by Joe Nickell.

• Poster > Religion > Shroud of Turin Poster.
• Shroud of Turin.

• The Shroud of Turin.
• The Shroud of Turin is a piece of linen which is purported to be the burial cloth of Jesus Christ. ...
• The existence of the Shroud of Turin was first concretely documented in 1350. In 1532 the Shroud was damaged by a fire in the Sainte Chapelle in Chambéry, France, where it was being housed. In 1578 it was moved to the Cathedral of Turin, Italy, and has remained there since. On special occasions the Catholic Church has authorized public display of the Shroud, offering curious spectators a rare glimpse of the famous faded image.
• The Shroud is one of the most studied and scrutinized artifacts in history. ... Is the Shroud of Turin the burial cloth of Christ? Or is it simply a clever fake? .
• Many scientists hold firmly to the belief that the Shroud is authentic, while others insist it is a forgery. This paper will outline the evidence pointing to the First Century and Middle Eastern origin of the Shroud. Different aspects of the Shroud will be described, including dating techniques, the linen, the image, and the blood stains. As the evidence will indicate, the Shroud of Turin is truly the burial cloth of a man crucified during the First Century in the Middle East.
• Dating the Turin Shroud.
• Critics of the Shroud’s authenticity cite as evidence the radiocarbon dating of the Shroud. ... Any living organism (such as the flax plant used to make the linen of the Shroud) contains a fixed amount of carbon. ...
• The Shroud was carbon dated in 1988 and the results were announced at a highly publicized press conference. The scientists conducting the experiment dated the Shroud between 1260 and 1390. Does this mean the Shroud is a fake? Definitely not. ...

• Shroud of Turin.
• Subject: Shroud of Turin (Was: Re: News From The InstiToot).
• THERE'S NOTHING BEHING THE SHROUD OF TURIN, FOLKS. ...
• Why don't we have a shroud? Or something like it?.
• burial shroud of Santa Claus. ...
• The shroud's authenticity.
• Subject: Re: Shroud of Turin (Was: Re: News From The InstiToot).
• Original file name: SHROUD. ...

• Shroud of Turin Directory: Guide to Shroud of Turin sites on the internet. ...
• Shroud of Turin.
• Science > Science in Society > Skeptical Inquiry > Shroud of Turin.
• The Shroud of Turin -- http://www. ... com/player2000gi/turin. ...
• Shroud of Turin Research -- http://www. ... org/shroud. ...
• Shroud of Turin -- http://skepdic. com/shroud. ...
•    Skeptic's Dictionary entry argues that the shroud is a 14th century artifact.
• CSICOP - Shroud of Turin -- http://www. ... org/articles/shroud/index2. ...

• One explanation for the radiocarbon dates on the Shroud of Turin being younger than the time of Christ is that the heat from a fire, which scorched a portion of the Shroud, may have affected the 14C content (dates) on the shroud by affecting molecular exchange between the fabric and atmospheric carbon. ... To maximize the effect of this hypothetical process, we simulated the shroud material with cotton that had a 14C level of 0. ...

• Ionization Resurrects The Shroud of Turin.
• Ion Science explains the enduring mysteries of the Shroud of Turin. ...
• Before we look into the effects of Ionization on the Shroud, lets look at the scientific background obtained by other sources. ...
• The Shroud of Turin .
• The Shroud of Turin is one of the most venerated, most remarkable, most mysterious, most thoroughly studied artifacts in the world today. Believed by many to be the actual burial cloth of Christ, the Shroud made its first recorded appearance in 14th century France. Housed in the Italian city of Turin since 1578, renewed interest was generated in 1898 when the first photographs were made of the relic and it was discovered that the image on the Shroud was a photographic negative! How was such an image made? And how does one explain the incredibly life-like details which are remarkably consistent with Biblical accounts of Christ's crucifixion? Historians, pathologists, linguists, biblical scholars, textile experts, chemists, physicists, photographic specialists, artists, botanists, microbiologists and other scientists from around the world have been trying to answer these important questions for decades. ...
• In the case of the Shroud of Turin, it has been publicly declared a forgery by both Roman Catholic Church officials and prominent scientists. In 1389 the local bishop of Troyes denounced the Shroud claiming an artist had confessed to forging it. More recently, in 1988, after three different laboratories Carbon-14 dated the Shroud and found it to be some 1200 years younger than it should have been, the Roman Catholic Church announced to the world the results of the test. As word spread that the Shroud of Turin was, after all, a medieval forgery, a firestorm was created in the Shroud community. While scores of Shroud scientists hotly challenged the entire Carbon-14 testing procedure, as well as the test results, lay people around the world had to wrestle with what appeared to be solid scientific proof that the Shroud was a fake. ...
• So where are things at now? Is the Shroud of Turin authentic, or not? Could a medieval artist, or for that matter, any artist, have forged it? And if the Shroud is an authentic burial cloth from the first century, is the man whose crucified image appears on the Shroud actually that of Jesus Christ? .
• Combining ongoing discoveries about ancient Palestine with cutting-edge scientific analysis, a growing number of scientists (Christian, Jewish, agnostic and otherwise) are coming to the conclusion that the Shroud is indeed the actual burial cloth of Jesus Christ. If this is true, then not only does the Shroud bear witness to the fact that a man named Jesus actually lived and died in ancient Palestine, but it may also present physical proof that some kind of miraculous event took place after his death which caused his image to be imprinted on the Shroud! What's more, we may also be able to learn something about Jesus himself: What his physical characteristics were like, what kind of Jewish traditions he adhered to and rejected, how he, and his body, faced a horribly violent death. ...
• So what, exactly, do we know about the Shroud of Turin? Here are some of the astonishing findings that modern day science has uncovered so far: .

• The Shroud of Turin--.
• We previously discussed the Shroud of Turin in Innerface Vol. ...
•    Further evidence on this topic has now been revealed in a new publication that also provides a highly detailed coverage of the shroud's history. ...
• showing that enough contaminant could accumulate to alter the shroud dating enormously. ...
•    A history of a shroud bearing an image of Jesus can be traced as far back as 30-50 A. ... " It shows the naked body of Jesus laid out as in the Turin shroud, with four fingers and no thumbs on crossed over hands, right hand on top, and also has a distinctive blood stain showing above the right eye as on the original Turin shroud. ...
•    The shroud at Constantinople disappeared from the history books following the French-led 4th crusade that resulted in the sacking of Constantinople in 1204. ... From there it was moved to Turin in 1578. ...
•    One of the remarkable features of the Turin shroud is what resulted when it was exposed to an image analyzer, called the VP-8. ... When the shroud's image was placed under this machine the result was a 3-D effect in vertical relief!.
• I had never heard of the Shroud of Turin before that moment. ... Only the Shroud of Turin has ever produced those results.
•    To date the only technique that has come anywhere near giving the shroud's 3-D effect with a VP-8 analyzer comes from an experiment carried out by Dr August Accetta, a medical practitioner with much experience in the use of autoradiography in diagnostic medicine. ... The result showed a 3-D effect similar in major details to what was obtained from the Turin shroud but sadly lacking in the fine detail. ...
•    Further evidence that is contrary to the Turin shroud being of medieval and European origin is present on samples taken with small strips of sticky tape pressed against the cloth's surface. This yields copious amounts of plant debris thought to have come from people having placed flowers upon the shroud. ...

• A Note Concerning the Application of Radiocarbon Dating to the Turin Shroud.
• The results of the work of three radiocarbon laboratories to date samples from the Shroud of Turin by the radiocarbon method1, while accepted by many, have not convinced everyone. ...
• For example, it has been asserted that the sub-samples of the shroud cloth (but presumably not of the control samples) were deceptively substituted by ones not from the Shroud of Turin. Having witnessed the sampling operation, I find this assertion incredible, but I can produce no scientific evidence to refute it (although the characteristic weave of the shroud cloth is certainly unusual and easily recognised). ...
• All three laboratories engaged in dating the shroud have performed well in these intercomparisons (which were instituted after the shroud measurements). The fact that the shroud and control results, taken as a whole, compared well between all three laboratories, despite their somewhat different approaches, argues very strongly for the validity of the measurements. ...
• Application of Radiocarbon Dating to the Sample from the Shroud of Turin.
• In any case, essentially the same result was obtained by all three laboratories for the whole group of samples, although taking only the shroud result, there was a just statistically significant difference between Oxford's result and the other two laboratories (this is most likely to be due to an underestimate - of 5-10 years - of the errors by the laboratories; in any case, in the context of the question whether the Shroud date could be in error by centuries, the difference is negligible).
• From a scientific point of view, the laboratories were in good agreement overall, and in adequate agreement for the shroud dating itself. The fact that, when calibrated, the most probable date was close to the historical time when the shroud was definitely known to exist, while not strengthening the scientific case for the date, is nevertheless extremely powerful circumstantial support for it.
• However, if the main consideration is whether the shroud is 1st century AD or 13th century AD, the degree of contamination required to shift a 13th century date by 1300 years is very large (such a shift would require the addition of about 50% more material of «modern» carbon), and this quantity, or indeed any amount above a few per cent, can be totally ruled out. A more subtle form of contamination, whereby the carbon atoms of the cellulose are exchanged or carboxylated with those from a hot carbon dioxide atmosphere, has been proposed as possibly having taken place during the fire to which the shroud was historically exposed when kept at Chambéry. ... The issue is important, not just for the Shroud dating (although it is most unlikely to affect the authenticity question, since a massive amount of exchange would be required to change the date by 1300 years), but because if such a process did occur during combustion events, it could spoil the accuracy of many other archaeological dates. ...
• For example, whether the shroud samples were irradiated by neutrons (which certainly could make a date appear younger than the true date). ...
• Therefore, short of deception in the selection of the sample, or some parapsychological influence, or some unique scientific phenomenon totally unknown and unguessed at by the scientific community of radiocarbon dating at large, the date of the shroud cannot be significantly different from that of the published calibrated radiocarbon results.
• , Radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin, in «Nature» 337 (1989), pp. ...

• The Shroud of Turin.
• The Shroud of Turin is reputedly Christ's burial cloth. ...
• The Shroud of Turin, as seen by the naked eye, is a negative image of a man with his hands folded. ... The shroud bears the image of a man with wounds similar to those suffered by Jesus. The shroud is wrapped in red silk and kept in a silver chest in the Chapel of the Holy Shroud in the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist in Turin, Italy since 1578. ...
• The shroud is unquestionably old. ... The results said the shroud dated back to 1260-1390, and thus is much too new to be Jesus' burial linen. ...
• If the marks we perceive were caused by human body, it is clear that the body (supine) was laid lengthwise along one half of the shroud while the other half was doubled back over the head to cover the whole front of the body from the face to the feet. The arrangement is well illustrated in the miniature of Giulio Clovio, which also gives a good representation of what was seen upon the shroud about the year 1540. ...
• The cloth now at Turin can be clearly traced back to the Lirey in the Diocese of Troyes, where we first hear of it about the year 1360. ... Since 1578 it has remained at Turin where it is now only exposed for veneration at long intervals. ...
• That the authenticity of the Shroud of Turin is taken for granted, in various pronouncements of the Holy See cannot be disputed. An Office and Mass "de Sancta Sindone" was formerly approved by Julius II in the Bull "Romanus Pontifex" of 25 April, 1506, in the course of which the Pope speaks of "that most famous Shroud (proeclarissima sindone) in which our Savior was wrapped when he lay in the tomb and which is now honorably and devoutly preserved in a silver casket. ...
• Composed by his predecessor, Sixtus IV, in which Sixtus states that in the Shroud "men may look upon the true blood and portrait of Jesus Christ himself. ... , also claimed to be the authentic linen sindon provided by Joseph of Arimathea, but until the close of the last century no great attack was made upon the genuineness of the Turin relic. ...

• Cloudy shroud.
• The mystery of the Shroud of Turin appeared solved in the 1980s. ...
• Revisionist scholars are raising new evidence and arguments suggesting the shroud is no fake. ...
• Last year, a botanist from Hebrew University in Jerusalem reported that his analysis of pollen grains and plant images taken from the shroud places its origin near Jerusalem before the eighth century. ... The flowers, he said, apparently had been placed atop the shroud. ...
• Analyzing a small patch cut from the shroud's edge, researchers at each lab concluded that the cloth was woven between A. ... 1260 and 1390, roughly the period when the shroud surfaced in Lirey, France. At first, shroud supporters suggested that the tiny sample had been taken from a section previously damaged and rewoven and that the shroud itself was tainted with carbon residue from a 1532 fire. ...
• He claims to have discovered microbial contamination on the shroud samples, which, he says, would have dramatically altered the radiocarbon dating. ...
• Joe Nickell, senior research fellow with the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal and a leading shroud skeptic, argues that for there to be sufficient contamination to make the shroud 2,000 years old instead of a mere 700, "there would have to be twice as much bioplastic debris, by weight, as the entire shroud itself!" .
• Gove, a nuclear physicist at the University of Rochester who designed the carbon-dating technique used on the shroud, thinks Garza-Valdes may be on to something. ...
• After a public showing of the shroud this summer, church officials may allow new scientific tests. "The last word has not yet been said," says Archbishop Severino Poletto of Turin, Italy, the shroud's custodian. Yet even if the shroud should be found to date from the first century, it would not necessarily make it the burial cloth of Jesus. As one shroud researcher has said, "There's no lab test for Christ-ness. ...
• The Shroud of Turin, whether real or counterfeit, inspires the faithful who gaze on it and see the haunting visage of the crucified Christ. ... John the Baptist in Turin, Italy–only the fifth public showing in a century. ...

• Computer-enhanced ultraviolet image of the Turin Shroud, .
• Scientists are not agreed either on the dating or on a general assessment of the Shroud of Turin, .
• This discussion, together with a complete review of the ongoing Shroud investigations, .
• shroud. ...
• The Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP): .
• shroud. ...
• It is clear that there has been a direct contact of the Shroud with a body, which explains certain features such as scourge marks, as well as the blood. ... For an adequate explanation for the image of the Shroud, one must have an explanation which is scientifically sound, from a physical, chemical, biological and medical viewpoint. At the present, this type of solution does not appear to be obtainable by the best efforts of the members of the Shroud Team. Furthermore, experiments in physics and chemistry with old linen have failed to reproduce adequately the phenomenon presented by the Shroud of Turin. ...
•        We can conclude for now that the Shroud image is that of a real human form of a scourged, crucified man. ...

• THE SHROUD OF TURIN.
• The Shroud of Turin.
• Templars, the Turin Shroud and the Great Secret of Freemasonry.
• New Evidence for the Authenticity of the Shroud of Turin.
• The Mystery of the Shroud of Turin.
• The Shroud of Turin and the C-14 Dating Fiasco.
• The Turin Shroud Is Genuine .
• Shroud of Turin.

• SHROUD OF TURIN PICTURE TOUR WITH DR JOHN DESALVO.
• DeSalvo, the Director of the Great Pyramid of Giza Research Association was also involved in studying the Shroud of Turin. ...
•   He is Executive Vice President for the Association of Scientists and Scholars International for the Shroud of Turin (ASSIST), the largest and oldest Shroud research organization in the world.   He was also a research consultant to the Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP).   He has been involved in Shroud research for over 20 years. ...   He has published several articles on the Shroud and is the contributing science editor for the book "Sindon, a Layman's Guide to the Shroud of Turin" (out of print). ...
• The Shroud of Turin is a piece of ancient linen cloth that measures about 14 feet long by 3 1/2 feet wide, and on this cloth is a very faint imprint of a human being who appears to have been crucified.   Legend has it that this Shroud is actually the burial cloth of Jesus Christ.   The Shroud takes it's name from its present location which is in the Cathedral of John the Baptist in Turin Italy.
• SLIDE 1 - THE LOCATION OF THE SHROUD SINCE 1357 .
• Historically, we can only document the precise location of the Shroud from 1357 to the present.   This is important because if the Shroud is a forgery it would have to have been made prior to 1357.   In that year, the first known public exposition of the Shroud was held in Lirey, France.   From Lirey, the Shroud went to Chambery,  France.   While in Chambery, in the year 1532, there was a fire in the Chapel in which the Shroud was kept.   Fortunately, very little damage was done to the Shroud.   Than in 1578 it was brought across the Alps to Turin, Italy where it remains to the present. ...

• Shroud of Turin??.
• Is the shroud of turin real. ...
• The Shroud is real -KK 03/13/2003, 21:00:36 .

• Unraveling the Shroud of Turin.
• This paper has two purposes: First, a response to the specific statements by Paul Maloney1 about the alleged pollen on the Shroud of Turin, and second, a brief summary of the convincing empirical evidence that makes it clear that the Shroud is a fourteenth-century artifact and not a first-century archaeological object. The Shroud of Turin is a notorious religious relic that, without the tremendous pseudoscientific support put forward in recent years to popularize its authenticity, would be as ignored and ridiculed by reasonable people today as are pieces of the true cross and nail clippings and foreskins of Jesus. The past efforts by some individuals, with scientific or technical training and access to scientific equipment, to promote the Shroud's authenticity by presenting irrelevant, misinterpreted, fudged, and even fraudulent data and interpretations--while at the same time ignoring, misunderstanding, misrepresenting, and clumsily explaining-away reliable evidence against authenticity--are nothing short of astonishing, and have put the Turin Shroud firmly in the pantheon of pseudoscience. The saddest aspect of the Shroud story is that these unfortunate efforts continue today--as if evidence, logical reasoning, skepticism, and analytical thinking are irrelevant when religious relics are concerned.
• In a method shared with William Meacham2 in 1983, Paul Maloney1 presumptuously discusses the authenticity of the Shroud from an archaeological point of view. Meacham famously concluded that the archaeological evidence showed that the Shroud was authentic, while Dr. Maloney much less provocatively concludes that, while science and archaeology can never unequivocally prove the Shroud authentic, nevertheless so many questions remain--and so many analyses suggest authenticity--that science, history, archaeology, and medicine can build a case consistent with the Gospel narrative. Further, since scientific data are currently inadequate to finally end the controversy and firmly demonstrate authenticity, a new comprehensive examination of the Shroud is needed.
• Unfortunately for this shared method and viewpoint, the status of the Shroud as an archaeological specimen--and not, for example, as an artifact or fraudulent relic--must not be presumed and presented as a proposition, but must first be the conclusion of logical arguments based on empirical evidence, and this has never been done. In fact, the opposite is true: the Shroud has been demonstrated by appropriate arguments and evidence to be a medieval artifact, contrived by a fourteenth-century artist for the purpose of representing the burial shroud of Jesus and creating a religious relic for exhibition and veneration. ... No further examinations or tests of the Shroud are needed: the Shroud of Turin is not the burial shroud of Jesus, and certain individuals, authors3, magazines4, organizations5, and institutions6 should stop the unseemly exploitation of it as if it were or as if it could be.
• Pollen on the Shroud of Turin.
• Paul Maloney, like other pro-authenticity supporters, attempts to use Max Frei's pollen data to support the authenticity of the Shroud and explain away the objections of others--primarily my own objections. ... Maloney, I did not claim that Max Frei was unquestionably responsible himself for putting the pollen on his sticky tapes and then falsely claiming that he found this pollen on his Shroud samples, only that his claims were so extremely unlikely that deliberate deception was far more probable than the veracity of the results that Frei claimed to achieve. Although I certainly did believe--and said as much--that Max Frei himself spiked his slides with Palestinian, Turkish, French, and Italian pollen, and plainly stated that Frei falsely claimed to have found dozens8 of endemic species of pollen on his Shroud tape samples, thereby perpetrating a fraud, I must obviously leave open the possibility--as preposterous as it may be--that someone else did the dirty deed and Frei innocently found the pollens and was duped. ... Photomicrographs of this collected pollen were the ones Frei illustrated when he claimed either that these were specimens taken from the Shroud itself or were examples of pollen of the same species that he observed on his sticky tape samples taken from the Shroud.

•  Scientific and Historical Research: The Shroud of Turin.
• Scientific and Historical Research: The Shroud of Turin .
• Shroud of Turin.
• Scientific and Historical Research apropos the Turin Shroud.
• In this paper, I repudiate the recently popularised conjecture that the High Renaissance artist and scientist, Leonardo da Vinci conceived and manufactured the Shroud of Turin in Milan in 1492. ...
• On the dust jacket of a recently published book, entitled Turin Shroud: In whose image? The shocking truth unveiled, is the sensational declaration: .
• HOW was the Turin Shroud created?.
• WHO created the Shroud?.
• WHOSE face appears on the Shroud?.
• Through the vehicle of this publication, the co-authors, Lynn Picknett and Clive Prince, strive to demonstrate, that the present day Shroud of Turin (that well known relic which contains both the frontal and dorsal photo-negative `imprints' of a tortured man and which is still believed by many to be the burial cloth of Jesus Christ), was in fact forged by none other than Leonardo da Vinci in 1492! .
• Within this context alone, these two co-authors, have the insurmountable task of convincing their readers that the Shroud at Lirey (c 1357-1418) and the Shroud at Turin (1578-1994) are not the same artifact.
• Moreover, in the light of my own research (Allen, 1993a; 1993b; 1994a and 1994b), which has already postulated the theory that the Shroud of Lirey-Chambery-Turin was produced by means of a primitive form of photographic technology well before 1350, I was astounded to discover that these authors also specify photography as the very means by which Leonardo manufactured this relic. ...
• Perhaps most remarkably of all, they Picknett and Prince have replicated the technique by which the Shroud was created. ...
• For those readers who are not familiar with the terrain, it should perhaps be pointed out that the pedigree of the Shroud of Lirey-Chambery-Turin, or if you prefer, the Sudaria Christi is relatively well documented back to the year 1389, when the then Archbishop of Troyes, Pierre d' Arcis wrote his famous Memorandum to the anti-pope Clement VII, in which he requested that the Shroud's owners (at that time being Jeanne de Vergy and her son Geoffroi II de Charny), be forbidden to hold religious expositions at the Collegiate Church in Lirey. ...
• One of the main reasons for d' Arcis's letter is perfectly clear, viz: the Shroud of Lirey was luring pilgrims and their much sought after money away from the coffers of the Cathedral at Troyes situated some 20 kilometres to the north-west. Notwithstanding, d' Arcis, irrespective of his real motives, employs good old fashioned rhetoric to convince the anti-pope of the Shroud's unworthiness as an object of devotion and informs his sacerdotal reader that the self-same Shroud had been previously condemned as undesirable some `thirty-four years or thereabouts' (Wilson, 1991:15) before his own time (ie 1389) by his predecessor, Archbishop Henri de Poitiers. ...

• 35-0204 Shroud Of Turin.
• In Ancient Mysteries: Shroud of Turin, the famous Shroud is the subject of inquiry. ...
• The program features scientists using the latest technological equipment to examine the shroud to authenticate its antiquity and composition. ...

• Shroud photographs (not appearing in original article) are from Barrie M. Schwortz's Shroud of Turin Website (©Barrie M. ...   This is one of the most comprehensive resources on the Shroud of Turin including scientific articles and extensive bibliographies.
• The Shroud of Turin.
• No single artifact of the past has so exemplified the interface between science and religion as the Shroud of Turin. What are the facts and how do we separate the facts from both religious and scientific bias and agenda-based conclusions? First, we must separate the shroud from that which is responsible for bias, namely that it is the burial shroud of Jesus of Nazareth and investigate it instead as a putative artifact of a first century crucifixion and burial. The shroud has been subjected to numerous scientific tests over the years culminating in 1988 with a radiocarbon measurement and dating procedure. The testing of the shroud and the conclusions reached lie basically in two areas, the physical shroud itself and the very unique image on the shroud. ...
• Physical Examination of the Shroud.
• FACT: The shroud is a linen cloth measuring 4. ...
• FACT: The shroud is a herringbone twill with a 3:1 weave, of probably 1st century Syrian design. ...
• FACT: The shroud contains pollen grains from 58 species of plants, 17 indigenous to Europe where the artifact has been for 7 centuries and the majority being plants indigenous, some exclusively, to the area of the Dead Sea and Turkey. ... , Shroud Spectrum International 3, 1982).
• Conclusion: The linen of the shroud was manufactured and woven in the Middle East, most probably Syria, and is a design used in the 1st century, albeit uncommon and expensive.
• Image on the Shroud.
• The shadowy image on the shroud is, of course, its most unique and enigmatic feature. ... It was not until the first photographs were taken of the shroud in 1898 by Turin Councillor Secondo Pia that the negative plates revealed the startling "positive" of the clear picture of the "man in the shroud. ... The image of the "man in the shroud" also displays signs of beating about the face, swelling under the eye and shocks of his beard having been ripped from his face (a common form of abuse to Jews by Romans). The debate on the authenticity of the shroud focuses on whether this image was transferred to the linen by some means from a real corpse or whether it was artificed by a clever forger.

• Probing the Shroud of Turin.
• The Gospels and the Shroud.
• Few historical artifacts generate as much heated controversy as the Shroud of Turin. ... {1} Others think it might be the actual burial shroud of Jesus. ...
• The Shroud is a linen cloth 14. ...
• In this article we will examine evidence both for and against the claim that the Shroud of Turin is the actual burial garment of Jesus. ...
• If we want to find out if the Shroud may have been the actual burial garment of Jesus, a good place to begin is with an examination of the Gospel accounts of Jesus' death. After all, if the evidence on the Shroud is not consistent with the Gospels, we can safely conclude that whatever the source of the image, it could not be that of Jesus. So how well do the Gospel accounts line up with the image on the Shroud? Are there any obvious inconsistencies or contradictions?.
• {5} The man's image on the Shroud likewise gives evidence of one who suffered such things. ... "{6} Careful examination of the Shroud again reveals consistency with the Gospels on this point. ...
• But Walter McCrone, a humanistic scientist who rejects miracles, contends that the Shroud is simply a medieval artist's painting. ...
• Does the Shroud image depict an actual crucifixion victim or is it rather an ingenuous painting? We will address this question next.
• The Shroud under a Microscope.
• One of the most qualified researchers to contend that the Shroud of Turin is merely a painting is Walter McCrone. ... {8} He sums up his own examination of the Shroud this way, "From my experience as a painting authenticator, the shroud is authentic--a beautiful and inspired authentic painting. ...

• Pollen, plant traces bolster case for Shroud of Turin.
• The Shroud of Turin.
• JERUSALEM (CNN) -- Plant imprints and pollen found on the Shroud of Turin support the premise that it originated in the Holy Land, two Israeli scientists say. ...
• "In the light of our findings, it is highly probable that the shroud did in fact come from this part of the world," said Avinoam Danin, a botany professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. ...
• The shroud was brought to France by a 14th-century crusader and has been enshrined since 1578 in a cathedral in Turin, Italy. ...
• In 1988, scientists tested scraps of the shroud with Vatican approval and concluded it dated back to between 1260 and 1390. ... Danin and his colleague Uri Baruch refused to discuss the authenticity of the shroud itself. ...
• The shroud also includes the images of some plants, and Danin identified one as the bean caper (Zygophyllum dumosum), which he said grows only in Israel, Jordan and Egypt's Sinai desert. ...
• Two other plants whose images were found on the shroud were the Rock Rose (Cistus creticus) which grows throughout the Middle East; and the Goundelia tournefortii tumbleweed, believed by some Christians to be the material of the crown of thorns. ...
• Traces of pollen grains taken from the shroud are from plants found in Israel and neighboring countries, including the bean caper and the tumbleweed appearing on the shroud, said Baruch, a pollen specialist at the Israel Antiquities Authority. ...
• The shroud also contains the imprint of a coin minted in the reign of the Roman Emperor Tiberius, who ruled at the time of the crucifixion. ...
• The Roman Catholic Church has never claimed the cloth as a holy relic, but the cloth has attracted pilgrims to Turin since the Middle Ages. ...
• The shroud went on display in a bulletproof case for several weeks last year and will go on view next in 2000, for Holy Year celebrations. ...

• shroud of turin .
• Placeholder for graeme | s: shroud of turin . ...
• com/bcs/resources/skeptopaedia/s/shroud. ...

• , a Richmond area technology company, believes that the Shroud of Turin, which bears a faint image of a crucified man, is the authentic burial cloth of Jesus. ... In the realm of respectable opinion, the finding relegated the shroud to the status of a medieval forgery. "Since then," says Walsh, "scholarly discussion of the shroud has become almost taboo among scientific, historical and religious circles. ...
• With his experiments, Walsh is probing chemical transformations in the shroud linen that might have occurred during a 1532 fire. If he can identify a chemical mechanism that might have skewed the radiocarbon results, he believes he can make shroud studies credible again and could land a major place in religious history.
• While "shroudies" - true believers in the shroud's authenticity - have advanced a number of explanations of why the radiocarbon tests are untrustworthy, none has gained wide currency. Walsh's fascination with the shroud arose in a round about way. ...
• A few years later, the conservative Catholic found himself drawn to speculation that the shroud sample used in the radiocarbon dating more than a decade before had been contaminated. Walsh helped organize a Shroud of Turin conference in Richmond in 1999. ... One possible explanation is that the ground water near Chambery, the French town where the shroud was housed in 1532, was high in metallic carbonate salts. "The match between the mix of the salts in the shroud and the salts in the Chambery water was pretty close," he says.
• As Walsh reconstructs events, the French owners of the shroud stored their treasured artifact in a silver reliquary lined with wood, then placed it in a stone enclosure in a chapel. An accidental fire contaminated the linen in the relic container and melted some of the silver, which burned through the folded shroud and created the symmetrical holes whose patches appear so visible in photographs of the artifact. When the fire was put out, cellulose in the shroud linen was exposed to superheated water containing chemical salts, which could have catalyzed a reaction with carbon compounds emitted from the scorched wood. ...
• If he can prove that the 1988 dating is flawed, Walsh hopes to persuade the curators of the shroud, now under the care of the Archbishop of Turin, to make the relic accessible again for scientific testing. ... If the shroud is genuine - and the image on the shroud is really that of Jesus - it could amount to scientific proof of Jesus' resurrection. ...

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