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• Secondo Pia's camera: it's conserved in the Shroud Museum of Turin.
• In 1898, in opportunity of the marriage of the Prince Vittorio Emanuele, heir to the throne of Italy, a Shroud Ostension happens. ... He ask Baron Manno to obtain a royal permission, because this noble lives near the throne and he can convince the King Umberto to give his assent: the King is the  Shroud owner. The authorization is given, but, for reasons of shape, because the initiative does not appear official, the task is not entrusted to a professional photographer, but to a famous lawyer of  Turin, Mr Secondo Pia. This person is a friend of  Baron Manno and also president of a club of amateur photographers, let alone, personally, an optimal photographer; and, it's not a secondary fact, he is member of the commission for the Exposure of  Sacred Art that is kept in Turin in the same period of the Ostension.
• The first photographic click happens on 25 May 1898, but this attempt of Mr Pia fails. ... After the development, this lawyer sees the negative of the image of the Shroud; this negative photo represents, in truth, a figure in positive (about, you may also read synthesis, page 1). Mr Pia begins to shake and nearly the slab falls to him. ...
• In the year 1931, in order to conclude the public celebrations for the wedding of the future "King of May" Umberto II with Princess Mary José of  Belgium, a new Ostension of the Shroud is done. This time, a famous professional photographer, Giuseppe Enrie, receives the task to photograph the Shroud. He is helped from the still alive lawyer Mr Pia and from a Salesian, professor Tonelli. Many photos are made,  in inner and in exteriors: three of  the whole Shroud and nine of details, between which the Face of the Man. ... Various doctors, for the first professor Pierre Barbet, by these photos, begin to take care of the Shroud. ... Various doctors (professor Pierre Barbet is the first of them), by these photos, begin to take care of the Shroud. ... Barbet, observing the numerous hurts on the Shroud Man, asserts without doubt it's the image of a person flagellated and crucifix. ...
• In 1969, during a recognition of the archbishop of  Turin cardinal Pellegrino in order to assess the state of the Shroud, it is the time of the color photograph. ...

•            The Shroud of Turin is a piece of linen cloth with the images of a man, who had apparently been laid on half of it with the other half draped over him. The faithful believe Jesus was wrapped in such a shroud, like this, when he was taken from the Cross. There has always been debate about the Shroud and there always will be. In the article, Shroud of Turin Goes on Public Display this Weekend, Thaddeus J. Trenn, a professor at the University of Toronto is quoted: "The Shroud of Turin may be viewed as a parable for modern times. ...
•            The debate about the Shroud of Turin is nothing new. ... However, interest in the Shroud certainly was renewed in 1898 when photographs were taken by Secondo Pia. The first photographs of the Shroud showed the images to look like photographic negatives. Pia believed no artist could have created this realistic effect revealed by the photographs. Local authorities, including Baron Manno, came to Pia's house to see the original negatives. In the book, The Shroud of Turin, John Walsh wrote, "Baron Manno was soon satisfied that the photograph had been the result of a process. He and others agreed with Pia that the negative-positive aspect of the discovery proved the relic's authenticity. ...
• Ian Wilson has seen the Shroud in person. In his book, The Shroud of Turin: Burial Cloth of Jesus?, he wrote, "The astonishing aspect of seeing the shroud itself rather than a photograph is discovering how pale and subtle the image appears" (9). From this it would be safe to conclude the images are at least as faint on the Shroud itself. ...
•            One of the greatest knights of the crusades, Geoffroy de Charny, is believed to have received the Shroud as spoils of war at the fall of Constantinople in the last crusade. ... Mary of the Blachernes, in which was kept the shroud in which Our Lord was wrapped; on every Friday this was held out so well that it was possible to see the face of Our Lord" (qtd. ...

• WHAT IS THE SHROUD?.
• From the time the Shroud has been known to people to be a relic, people have been looking at an image which at best was not pleasant to the eye. ...
• Prior to the year 1898 whoever looked upon the cloth of the Shroud saw a dim figure of what looked like the figure of a man. ... Secondo Pia photographed it that the Shroud began to-reveal its hidden treasure.
• Pia was given permission to photograph the Shroud as it was publicly exposed for veneration. The Shroud, placed on a large frame, was hanging above the altar of the Cathedral of Turin. ... Pia began to realize that what he had photographed was not a normal object, but he had photographed an object which was a perfect negative.
• Pia was the first one to see the real features of Jesus. His discovery revolutionized the thinking on what had been accepted on traditional belief regarding the man of the Shroud. That first picture catapulted the Shroud into worldwide interest among pious as well as agnostic people.
• What does the Shroud really show? Without getting too technical about the nature of photography, it will suffice to say that what people had been looking at for all these centuries was something of which they had no knowledge whatsoever: they were looking at a negative.
• Pia took the first picture everyone was astonished by the discovery.
• A picture of the Shroud is available here so that the reader may have a visual knowledge of some of the things which will be explained in the next few pages. ...
• It is well to note here that even though the Shroud was well guarded throughout the centuries, the cloth shows many marks of constant handling. The Shroud had been placed in a silver reliquary as it was kept in the chapel at Chambery, where on December 4, 1532 there was a fire. ...
• As one views the Shroud he will notice that along the image there are white patches and blackened spots -- all the result of that fire, which did not ruin any part of the image of the body. The Shroud contains two images, one of the frontal part of a body and the other of the dorsal part of a body. ...

• The Holy Shroud History Museum.
• The museum (located in the impressive crypt of the baroque church of the Most Holy Sudarium) houses rare evidences illustrating the history of the Holy Shroud and it reports on the results of research carried out on it. Remarkable exhibits: the wooden casket that contained the Holy Shroud during its transfer from Chambéry to Turin in 1578, the large frame that used to keep it, the equipment used by Secondo Pia to take and develop the first photograph in 1898 and the relating plates, the plates taken by Giuseppe Enrie in 1931, 16th- to 19th-century prints and books and various scientifical instruments. Of special note is the 16th-century silver and semi-precious stone reliquary that kept the Holy Shroud up to the last Ostension in 1998. ...

• he shroud is a linen sheet, 4. ...
• The Shroud's history.
• he Shroud arrived in Turin in 1578 from Chambéry, then the capital of the Duchy of Savoy, and it has been kept in Turin Cathedral ever since. ...
• Reliable historical documents record the Shroud's movements, without interruption, from the mid-fourteenth century. It is known that in 1350s the Shroud was in Lirey, France, and perhaps previously it was in the East, initially in Edessa and later in Constantinople, before being brought to Europe during the Crusades. ...
• Umberto II left the Shroud to the Pope in his will, and in 1983 it became the property of the Holy Sec.
• The Holy Shroud has been publicly displayed over the last four centuries, most recently in 1978, to celebrate the four-hundredth anniversary of its arrival in Turin.
• he Shroud began to "surprise" a century ago when it was photographed for the first time by Secondo Pia, in 1898.
• The negative of that photograph revealed in detail, and with even greater clarity than the positive image, all the "wounds" that the Shroud preserved. ...
• How was the image on the Shroud formed?.
• Pollens have been found on the cloth, strongly supporting the view that the Shroud spent time not only in Europe but also in the Near East. ...
• Tests on traces of blood from the Shroud have revealed the presence of human blood from blood group AB. ...
• In 1988, carbon-14 dating was carried out on a fragment of the Shroud. ...
• Scientific route - Reading the Shroud - - The sheet - Symposium - Home page .

•                For much of its history, the image on the Shroud appeared faded. Then, on the 28th of May, 1898, the first photo of the Shroud was taken by Secondo Pia. ...
• The subject had been faint and blurred, with no contrast, so Secondo was not optimistic. ...
•                     Understanding this, and the amazing optical characteristics of the Shroud is not easy. The Shroud behaves in many ways as a photo negative. On a photo of the Shroud, the pinkish stains and scorch marks go very dark, and harder to interpret, yet the human image, the original pale yellowish discolouring, is outlined dramatically, gaining an impressive vigour. ...
• But the fact is that the invention of photography was necessary for the image on the Shroud to become perfectly comprehensible -- and photography did not start until around 1840 ! Some folk might then ask, " How is it possible that in the 1200s or early 1300s, a medieval forger could have considered creating a "negative" image, a totally unknown notion, unimaginable and useless at the time? -- an image that looks mediocre -- and all done so that a few centuries later a technique might be discovered that would make it possible to understand this image at last? Who would ever propose such a hypothesis ?.
•                     Finally, there is the point that the Shroud behaves like a photographic negative in its representation of the figure, and behaves as a photographic positive with the pinkish stains. ... This is already, almost, a clinching argument in favour of the authenticity of the Shroud. ...
•                     The careful study of the Shroud, at the beginning of the 20th century, had given Gabriel Quidor an idea : that this "negative" was no ordinary negative, and that there could be a relationship between the intensity in colour of the image, and the distance separating the Shroud from the body. With the means at his disposal at the time, he developed a colour intensity chart, and contour map, that made it possible to sculpt in gelatin a representation, in three dimensions, of the man in the Shroud. After him, Paul Gastineau created a medal portraying the face in the Shroud in low relief. In 1976, further innovation came through the use of computers, when Jumper and Jackson, two NASA engineers, using a computer, successfully obtained data representing in three dimensions, the surface of the body that had left its mark on the Shroud. ...
•                     Many experiments were conducted with photographs other than a photo of the Shroud, but in none of the other cases did the use of Tridimensionality give an acceptable 3D image. Only the Shroud of Turin behaved in this unique manner.
•                     The Shroud is an image formed by contact between the body and the cloth, and the representation obtained on the cloth, has the same lateralisation characteristics as if the Shroud was a mirror. When we look at the frontal image on the Shroud, the left side of the body is on the left side of the cloth, (and on our left). When we look at the back view on the Shroud, the left part of the body is on the right of the cloth, (and on our right). ...

• the authentication of the Turin Shroud.
• In issue 51 of the Newsletter, dated June 2000, Ian Wilson reviewed my New and Undisclosed Secrets of the Turin Shroud, which was, in truth, a very much abbreviated text of material I have gathered since 1992. ...
• It may well form the basis for a much more comprehensive study, but in 1997 I felt impelled by the hazardous fire in Turin, to publish this modest document, lest the information I had discovered should vanish along with the disappearance from public view of the Shroud itself.
• I am convinced that unless we are prepared to consider the profound importance of the Nazarene connection, we will never precisely identify the man of the Shroud as Jesus himself rather than a man crucified during that era, who nonetheless bore all the biblical marks of crucifixion. ...
• Ian Wilson himself gives a highly resonant account in his 1978 Turin Shroud book of the presence of the Sudarium, as described by St Anthony the Martyr in AD570 at a cave convent on the banks of the Jordan, that river which is sacred to the Mandeans, i. ...
• This is evidenced by the position of the Gundelia Tournefortii (Crown of Thorn) pollens that Avinoam Danim so significantly identified, and which can be found rather on the periphery of the Shroud, whereas if it had remained on the head, would most certainly not have been the case. The myrtle, on the other hand, would account for the particular protrusion of foliage beyond the brow in the Secondo Pia photographs, as the Nazarenes plucked the lower leaves from the twigs so that they could be placed on a head filet surrounding the head.
• Sprigs of myrtle were held by brides under the wedding canopy and conversely placed on the Shroud of the deceased before burial. ...
• Unfortunately Max Frei was not allowed to take pollen samples from the precious brow and back of the head areas I have described, but since the myrtle is indigenous to the Holy Land, it would be highly improbable, given the location of the Shroud, that such pollens would not be found and if they were not, one cannot but wonder why.
• Now, as to the other plant pollens that also exist on the Shroud, a really remarkable further link exists with Mandean-Nazarene burial customs. ...
• Only this particular sect conducted their funeral rites in this manner, which supports with a certain measure of conviction the discovery of Cistaceae pollens, providing a meaning and purpose for their existence on the Turin Shroud. ...
• The next overwhelmingly significant feature of these burial rites was the placing of a face cloth, rather like a handkerchief over the face of the deceased before wrapping the body in a shroud. ... On the Shroud image, it can be identified as the dark rectangle around the face.
• Lastly, something as yet unmentioned reveals the last key as to the very precise identity of the Image on the Shroud, and this is the suspension on a cord of an iron ring attached to the myrtle wreath and hanging down the side of the head (left on the positive Secondo Pia photograph and right on the Shroud). ...
• Once again, I will refer to certain unexplained findings of a metallic nature of particles of Iron on the Shroud described as "exceptionally pure" in a former book by Ian Wilson.
• For the third and by far the most incomprehensible aspect of the Shroud's authentication elements, I must refer to Radionics, as once only in the history of medical innovation were anatomical details and structural images of internal tissues actually derived from blood samples, photographed and registered on slides by a specially designed Radionic camera.

•   Title: The Shroud:.
• This pictorial guide to the mystery of the famous Shroud of Turin has been put together to commemorate the two extraordinary exhibitions of this precious relic in the newly restored Guarini Chapel in Turin: April 19 - June 14, 1998 on the occasion of the centenary of the first photograph taken of the Shroud by Secondo Pia; and April 29 - June 11, 2000 to celebrate the Jubilee of the Incarnation and the beginning of the new millennium. As such it is a handy reference to the salient historical, scientific and legendary information regarding the Shroud which has over the centuries inspired countless pieces of art and was the inspiration for the devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus so dear to the heart of St. ...

• The Shroud Of Turin.
• The Shroud of Turin is one of the most remarkable,   mysterious, and thoroughly studied artifacts in the world today. Believed by many to be the actual burial cloth of Christ, the Shroud made its first recorded appearance in 14th century France. Housed in the Italian city of Turin since 1578, renewed interest was generated in 1898 when the first photographs were made of the relic and it was discovered that the image on the Shroud was a photographic negative! How was such an image made? And how does one explain the incredibly life-like details which are remarkably consistent with Biblical accounts of Christ's crucifixion? Historians, pathologists, linguists, biblical scholars, textile experts, chemists, physicists, photographic specialists, artists, botanists, microbiologists and other scientists from around the world have been trying to answer these important questions for decades.
• The Shroud astonished the public a century ago when it was photographed for the first time by Secondo Pia, in 1898. The negative of that photograph revealed in detail, and with even greater clarity than the positive image, all the "wounds" that the Shroud preserved. How was the image on the Shroud formed? .
• Pollens have been found on the cloth, strongly supporting the view that the Shroud spent time not only in Europe but also in the Near East. ...
•                         See the Shroud of Turin.

• Throughout the centuries whoever saw the Shroud had to form an opinion on his own or accept someone else's opinion and come to a conclusion regarding its authenticity. ... Bishop Henry of Poitiers' opinion on the Shroud had been accepted because he spoke as a Bishop and as such he must have had a good argument for making the statement. ... And the argument began because of the curiosity of a man with a crude camera, who secured the permission to take a picture of the Holy Shroud.
• It was in 1898 and the Holy Shroud was exposed for public veneration in the Cathedral of Turin, Italy. A photographer, Secondo Pia, who was actually a lawyer by profession, but who took pictures as a hobby, took a photograph of the Shroud. When Secondo Pia looked at the plate, he realized that the image of the corpse of Christ was positive and not negative, as it should have been. Because it was positive the image was much clearer than the one on the Shroud. ... Pia could see all the details. Since that day the Holy Shroud has become not only a greater object of veneration for the faithful who believe that it is the burial cloth of Jesus, but at once it became the object of inquiry for many scientists. ...
• Why such an interest? Those who wanted a confirmation of their beliefs could now find a good argument using the Shroud as an object left to them by Divine Providence to strengthen their faith. Those who were seeking an explanation of a phenomenon that had no equal either in history or in archaeology, found the Shroud most intriguing.
• Pia. ... Those hard-headed scientists were convinced of the authenticity of the Shroud.
• The Shroud continued to be an object of interest to historians, scripture scholars, and scientists, but it was not until the 1950s that a true revival of interest in the cloth began to surface again. With all the new scientific instruments used now to identify the origin and the nature of many artistic and archaeological artifacts, why not submit the Shroud to these new methods and once and for all establish its authenticity.
• Scientists who are now in the majority lean towards the declaration of the authenticity of the Shroud. There is true human blood on the cloth; pollen is extracted from the cloth that seems to place the Shroud exactly in the geographical places that it had been; to the theory that it could be a painting, no pigment or paint are found on the cloth; the figure on the cloth is of three-dimensional nature, not found, up to that time, in any works of art (scientists discovered that the density of the image varies according to the distance between the cloth and the parts of the body underneath it. Because of this relationship they were able to create a three-dimensional image of the man buried in the Shroud); there is even an object over his eye identified as a coin bearing the inscription of the Emperor Tuberous Caesar. ...

•   Camera Obscura In 1898, Secondo Pia became the first to photograph the shroud of Turin and, thus,the first to reveal the image as an apparent negative, rather than positive, imprint.   On the verge of the twentieth century, on a night in May, Secondo Pia exposes, for eighteen minutes, film of a piece of cloth, and Christ surfaces. As her son releases the shutter, Pia’s mother, in Calabria—Aieta village— sits in a doorway. ... When asked, she will travel to Turin and replace, every two years, stitching in a sacred shroud. That night, in bed, Secondo feels fear move through him like a gondola sends an arc of water rolling outward. ... From childhood his mother’s voice whispers to him: Hold the crystal to the candlelight, Secondo, until your lashes frame it and look to see what you see. ...

• Jesus and the Shroud of Turin - Questar Inc.
• Starring: Jesus & The Shroud of Turin.
• Everyone knows the Shroud of Turin is a forgery--right? Didn't scientists establish its age as only a few hundred years with superreliable carbon dating? Not so fast--the producers of Jesus and the Shroud of Turin have another story. Through interviews with Shroud scholars from fields including scientific photography, botany, and medicine, they try to show that the Shroud could only have been made in Jerusalem, and only 2,000 years ago. ...
• Ancient Mysteries: The Shroud of Turin - A & E Entertainment.
• The Shroud of Turin: An Adventure of Discovery - Providence House Publishers - Mary Whanger, Alan Whanger.
• Reviews for Jesus and the Shroud of Turin:.
• This video is an excellent documentary of the Shroud's history and scientific investigation. ... The Shroud is not a "dead" issue. ...
• I never knew that In 1898, Secondo Pia took the positive photograph. ...

• The Shroud of Turin is a large piece of linen which shows images of bearded and crucified man. ... The Shroud is 4. ...
• Scientific data from the study of the Shroud of Turin seem to make the man of the Shroud a "perfect fit" for Jesus of Nazareth, justified also by probabilistic approach. ... Although it is not possible to connect this documented information unequivocally with the Turin Shroud, these historical references do nevertheless integrate with the findings of the scientific research carried out on the Shroud. ...
• During the exposition of 1898 a Turin lawyer, Secondo Pia, was authorized to photograph the Shroud: he revealed that the image on the cloth behaves like a naturally negative image.
• This descover gave an entirely new direction to all scientific studies on the Shroud, including all branches of science and research, which are illustrated in this paper.
• The traces imprinted on the Shroud are of four basic types: fire marks on thefabric, water stains, the chiaroscuro image of a human figure and bloodstains.
• The patches cover the holes made by the fire that broke out in 1532 in the sacresty of the Sainte-Chapelle at Chambéry, where the Shroud was kept at that time. ... In the central part of the Shroud, between the fire marks, appear the impressions of the back and front of a full-size human figure. ...
• The studies and scientific research that have been carried out on the Shroud for a century have led to certain findings which are considered incontrovertible and are explained in details in this paper.
• The Shroud is not a painting and it cannot be the work of human hand, as the image on the Shroud appears as a photographic negative to the unaided eye. ... The body therefore remained wrapped in the Shroud long enough for the image to form, but not so long as to register any decomposition of the corpse (which would have a deleterious effect on the image). ...
• Only four fingers of each hand are visible on the Shroud. ...
• The blood and serum that flowed out of the chest wound came from an injury produced after the death of the man of the Shroud. Tests carried out on bloodstained threads from the Shroud have shown that there are traces of blood on the cloth, human and of the AB blood group.
• Computer analyses reveal that the negative photograph of the Shroud produces a three-dimensional image. ... The three dimensional face’s image emphasizes details not visible in the bidimensional image; the image with releaf has been also smoothed in order to obtain a picture without wounds and blood of the Shroud’s man. ... A comparision between the face of the Shroud obtained by numerical processing and some icons running from VI and XIII centuries has been also carried out by computer science approach.

• Jesus and the Shroud of Turin.
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• Jesus and the Shroud of Turin.
• This video is an excellent documentary of the Shroud's history and scientific investigation. ... The Shroud is not a "dead" issue. ...
• I never knew that In 1898, Secondo Pia took the positive photograph. ...
• Buy Jesus and the Shroud of Turin for sale.

• This is an amazing Video CD that covers documented miracles of Jesus throughout the history of Christianity, Shroud of Turin and many more. ...
•  In 1898, Secondo Pia was the first man to photograph the Shroud of Turin, the burial cloth believed to have covered Christ’s body after the Crucifixion. Pia made a startling discovery: his photography plate revealed the detailed image of a man. The shroud had created a photographic negative of the face and body of Christ. This video examines skepticism over the shroud’s authenticity, debunking scientists who recently claimed that it could not be more than 600 years old. ... On the Friday of the Crucifixion, Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus prepared the body of Jesus for burial in the garden tomb, first rubbing the body with aloe and myrrh, then wrapping it in the large burial shroud. ... Peter and John rushed to the tomb and saw only the shroud lying on the stone slab. From that time the shroud began its long journey around the Mediterranean to Turin, Italy, where it has drawn millions of pilgrims for centuries. ...
• Is the Shroud of Turin the true burial cloth of Jesus ? .
• Did some scientists really prove the Shroud is a fake ?.

• A Calendar of the Shroud for the Years 1694-1898.
• 38), the aim being in time to chreate a complete chronology from the Shroud's earliest origins to the present. Additions and corrections will be welcomed from members, with a view to the creation of a master chronology of the Shroud that can be a general research tool, and become part of Barrie Schwortz's Shroud web site on the Internet.
• 1694 The Shroud is formally deposited in a specially designed 'sepulchre' high up in the altar (designed by Antonio Bertola), of the new Chapel of the Holy Shroud, as designed by Guarino Guarini. ...
• 1697 Copy of the Shroud made by Giovanni Battista Fantino. ...
• 1703 Engraving of this year shows an exposition of the Shroud in front of the Bertola altar in the new Chapel of the Holy Shroud .
• The Shroud is exhibited in Turin.
• Showing of the Shroud in Turin.
• The Shroud is exhibited in Turin.
• 4 May Public showing of the Shroud to mark the royal marriage, commemorated by print showing vast crowd in front of the royal palace, as the Shroud is displayed from a balcony.
• Showing of the Shroud, presided over by Cardinal Delle Lanze, to celebrate the marriage of Prince Victor Amadeus (III) with Maria Antonia of Bourbon, Infanta of Spain.
• 1758 Death of the very scholarly Pope Benedict XIV (Prosper Lambertini), who had written of the Shroud: 'The Holy Shroud, that outstanding relic, is preserved at Turin. ...
• 1768 Giovanni Bernardo Vigo (1719-1805), professor of rhetoric at Turin University publishes De Sindone evangelica dedicated to Duke Charles Emmanuel III.
• Private showing of the Shroud for Emperor Joseph II of Hapsburg-Lorraine. The Shroud is then displayed from the balcony of the Royal Chapel for large crowd gathered in the Cathedral below.
• 15 October The marriage of Piedmont Prince Charles Emmanuel (IV) with Princess Marie Clotilde of France is marked by a showing of the Shroud with same ceremonial as used in 1750.

• Shroud of Turin.
• The infamous shroud of Turin has been the center of speculation for over 600 years. ...
• The shroud itself is 14 feet 3 inches (4. ... On the shroud is a life size image of a man who has the crucifixion wounds of Jesus- including the punctures from the thorn crown, bloody lashings on his back from the Romans and the holes through the wrists and ankles. Many believe the shroud is the same cloth that Jesus was wrapped in after his death and the resurrection process exerted such energy that his image was imprinted on the cloth.
• During the 14th century a knight named Geoffrey de Charny I put the shroud on display in Lirey, France. ... When the temple the shroud was kept in caught fire in 1532, the people were able to bring it to safety with only a few burn marks. Finally in 1578 it was given to the Turin cathedral, where it is housed even to this day.
• Up until the 1890s, scientists didn't really pay attention to the shroud because the image is fairly translucent. Research began to pick up, however, when photographer Secondo Pia took several prints of the shroud and found the negatives strongly show the image of a crucified man. ...
• Various theories, including the idea proposed by Oxford researcher Ian Wilson that the shroud was actually the mandylion, were suggested and later rejected.
• Using carbon-14 dating techniques, the teams found the shroud to have originated between 1260 and 1390. ... Thomas Phillips, from Harvard's High Energy Physics Lab, believes the body in the shroud gave off such powerful energy that it produced bursts of neutrons, disturbing the carbon dating.
• If one is to look at the carbon dating as correct, then the shroud's image is not that of Jesus. This has lead to the belief that Leonardo de Vinci actually created the shroud! Working with various tools and substances available in his time, de Vinci could have created the three-dimensional image using a corpse. After carving the body to include the needed wounds produced by a crucifixion, many believe de Vinci placed the image of his own face on the shroud! Several researchers were able to create a similar shroud using objects readily available to de Vinci.

•     You are Here: Articles > Afterimage > May, 2000 > Article Sponsored Links Content provided in partnership with Print article  Tell a friend  Find subscription deals Maximizing Indeterminacy: On Collage in Writing, Film, Video, Installation and Other Artistic Realms (as well as the Shroud of Turin). ...
• This chain of indexical meaning is important to the reception of the shroud and its installation, and the indexicality centers on the idea of photography:.
• Modern fascination with the shroud, and scientific testing, blossomed in 1898, when on May 28 Secondo Pin took the first photographs of the shroud during one of its rare viewings. ... Pia was astounded to see that what had been faint markings on the linen appeared as a dear, fully formed image of a man on the photographic negative. ...
• That a photograph played a part in revealing the "photographic" nature of the shroud is semi-coincidental; nevertheless, a deeper logic of photography underlies the "modern fascination" with the shroud and pervades the debate over its authenticity. The purchasers of the best-seller that called the shroud a literal "snapshot" of the Resurrection are presumably looking for something so important to them that they are willing to accept the contradiction that something can be literal and still need inverted commas around it, and that an image of a dead man can directly, indexically represent the defeat of death. ...
• This conflict between the indexical photographic foundations of the collage machines and the new digital plasticity can be seen clearly in the controversy surrounding the Shroud of Turin.
• In a listing of some of the pros and cons of the shroud controversy, the Times mentions that, on the one hand, the shroud "is a negative image and not a painting. ...

• Turin Shroud is Authentic.
• According to Benjamin Creme Turin Shroud is the true authentic burial cloth of Jesus. ...
• A Scientist in Turin claimed on 10-04-98 that he identified the Jesus's blood group as AB after tests on the Turin Shroud. ... The Shroud: The Proof (Sindone: La Prova) was to be published the following week. ...
• The shroud goes on show until June 14th 1998 in Turin Cathedral. ...
• The "Shroud of Jesus" first recorded as the property of the family of Goffredo de Charny, a Crusader knight, from whom it passed to Savoy family and subsequently the Italian royal dynasty in 1578. It was kept in the Guarini Chapel of Turin Cathedral for 300 years in a silver casket dating from 1694. ...
• It was in 1898 in the age of Victorian science, that "proof" appeared: a lawyer from Asti, Secondo Pia, who was an early amateur photographer, was allowed to photograph the sacred cloth for that years Universal Exhibition. Pia was staggered to find that when he developed the picture, the negatives revealed the image of a man 5ft 10in tall, with marks of crucifixion on his hands and feet, a wound in his side, and bruises and cuts on his face and body. ...
• "God gave me strength to save the holy shroud. ...
• According to Maria Grazia Siliato an archaeologist who published a book on the shroud last year, there is barely detectable Greco-Latin writing round the face reading "Jesus, the Nazarene". ...
• Don Guiseppe Ghiberti, deputy head of the Turin Commission for the Display of the Shroud says the shroud not only shows the likeness of the man who was wrapped in it, it also shows marks of blood on the forearms and around the waist, with evidence of 50 blows. ...
• The Turin Shroud is authentic .
• Pilate Coins on the Shroud .
• The Turin Shroud is authentic .

• The Shroud of Turin - The first amazing 3-D images made with a PC.
• Is the Shroud of Turin the burial cloth of Jesus Christ or simply a medieval forgery? This site contains high quality 3-D images that may help you decide for yourself. No other artifact has been subjected to as many scientific tests, and yet the Shroud still remains a mystery. ...
• The Shroud of Turin first appeared in north-central France in the mid-fourteenth century and depicts what many believe to be Christ's crucified body. ... John the Baptist in Turin, Italy, and thousands flock to see the relic.
• In 1898 Secondo Pia discovered that the shroud was a photographic negative. ...
• Incredibly, when the shroud was placed before the VP-8, a correct 3-D image of a human body appeared on the display.
• Normal photographs do not contain depth information, the shroud does. ...
• | Shroud of Turin 3D Images | A medieval forgery? | A hoax? | Survey | .

• La sindona is the famous Shroud of Turin venerated by Catholics in particular as the actual shroud in which the crucufied body of Christ was wrapped before it was laid in the tomb. The shroud is now securely housed in a bulletproof display case in the Chapel of the Shroud in Turin. ...
• Don't be too quick to dismiss-accept-the Shroud. ... Shroud study even has its own word: Sindonology-and it is not easy to ignore the results of so much research. ...
• 1204AD: Testimonies written by Crusaders declared that they had seen 'the Shroud of Our Lord'. These historical references are intriguing, but information before the thirteenth century cannot be connected unequivocally with the Shroud now in Turin. But we do know that in 1353AD, the Turin Shroud was in the possession of Count Geoffrey de Charney at lirey in France. From this point on, the Shroud's presence in the West has been carefully documented.
• The Shroud's silver casket began to melt and a drop of molten silver from the lid fell on one edge of the folded garment, burning through several layers of fabric. ... 1578AD The Shroud was transferred to Turin to shorten S. ...
• But this changed dramatically in 1898, when the Shroud was photographed for the first time by Secondo Pia from Turin. Artists had painted it in the past, but Pia was a meticulous lawer by profession and he wanted an exact copy. ... This could only mean that what was mysteriously imprinted on the Shroud was a negative image on the photographic plate. Scientists and cynics suddenly sat up and took notice, because however old the Shroud was, it was definitely made several centuries before the invention of photography. ...
• There are many facts about the Shroud that seem to rule out deliberate fraud. ... All these point to the possibility that perhaps this might indeed be the actual burial shroud of Jesus Christ. ...

• A Proposal for High Resolution Colorimetric Mapping of the Turin Shroud: Analysis of Metrological Problems.
• Jumper, Robert W Mottern: "Scientific investigation of the Shroud of Turin", Applied Optics, 15 June 1980, Vol. ...
• Adler: " Blood on the Shroud of Turin", Applied Optics, 15 August 1980, Vol. ...
• Gilbert: " Ultraviolet-visible reflactance and fluorescence spectra of thew Shroud of Turin", Applied Optics, 15 June 1980, Vol. ...
• Pellicori: "Spectral properties of the Shroud of Turin", Applied Optiics, 15 June 1980, Vol. ...
• Jumper, William R: Ercoline: " Correlation of image intensity on the Turin Shroud with the 3-D structure of a human body shape", Applied Optiics, 15 July 1984, Vol. ...
• : "Radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin", Nature, vol. ...
• , Secondo Pia ñäåëàë ïåðâóþ ÷åðíî-áåëóþ ôîòîãðàôèþ ñ ïëàùàíèöû, ñïóñòÿ ñòî ëåò â 1998 ã. ...
• Jumper, William R: Ercoline: " Correlation of image intensity on the Turin Shroud with the 3-D structure of a human body shape", Applied Optiics, 15 July 1984, Vol. ...

• SHROUD .
• For this page I'll mainly be using a book titled simply "Shroud," by Robert K. ... It's a very detailed chronicle of a year long research of the shroud. I don't think you'll find a better store of shroud facts and history anywhere else.
• The following two pages will present some of the more common theories which try to explain the shroud image as a natural phenomenon, and the evidence which has been brought to bear in the refutation of those theories.
• Here's a list of the different sources Wilcox used for "Shroud. " A man with a Shroud Bus in London, and a man with a shroud show in sourthern California; a German black marketer who had a seven-day Technicolor vision of Jesus; suffering and death on the wall of his bedroom; an American priest who suspended himself from a cross more than seven hundred times in order to learn the mechanics of crucifixion; a British fashion photographer who developed three-dimensional-looking film portraits of the face in the shroud; the Italian monsignor who has fashioned a grisly crucifix based on the super-realistic data on the shroud; physicists of all kinds (optical, nuclear, radiation) and on Nobel Prize-winning organic and nuclear chemist; pathologists from several countries who have conducted macabre gut shroud-related experiments on the newly and unclaimed dead; people at the Eastman Kodak Company in Rochester, the FBI in Washington, and the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum/ a fingerprint expert in Minnesota; one disappointed film producer; and one disappointed king -Umberto II, exiled from Italy in 1946-who owns the shroud.
• The shroud as it appears naturally.
• Beside the image, there are many differnt kinds of markings on the fourteen and a half by three and a half foot ivory colored linen shroud. ... In addition, close examination reveals the images of flowers and faint lines that run the whole length of the shroud. ...
• Some have thought that the shroud was wound around the body like an Egyptian mummy. This painting is included for a clearer understanding of how the shroud was used, .
• Secondo Pia was astonished at what he saw in the developing tray in his darkroom. In 1898 he was the first person to photograph the shroud. ...
• What The Negative of the Shroud Photograph Looked Like.
• Looking at the "positive" image of the shroud was almost as astonishing. ... Many of the later graphics of the shroud will show the details more clearly than this distant view. ...

• Clement VII, one of the rival popes of the fourteenth century, after first trying to hush up those who would expose the shroud of Turin, signed papers declaring it a fraud. ...
• " The Sainte Chapelle of the Holy Shroud was officially completed on this day, June 11, 1502. With great fanfare the Shroud was exhibited and then locked away. Pope Julius II established a feast and mass for the shroud. ...
• The shroud was reputed to have marvelous powers of protecting people. ...
• When the Dukes of Savoy transferred their headquarters to Turin, the shroud went with them, and it is as the Shroud of Turin that it is best known. ...
• The shroud was first photographed by Secondo Pia. He was so astonished when he beheld the negative (which had reversed the negative image of the shroud and made it look lifelike) that he nearly dropped the photograph. ...
• The scientific conclusion, which it must be emphasized is by no means unanimous, is that the shroud is indeed a forgery, painted in tempera. The technique has been reproduced by several modern artists who claim to have created shroud-like "negatives" using only the materials available to the forgers of the 14th century. Most conclusive of all is a carbon dating test which the church announced placed its earliest possible date at 1,000 AD and most probable date between 1260 and 1390, the very time period in which the shroud emerged into human view. One of the latest arguments for the shroud's authenticity used pollen analysis, but its techniques and findings were rebutted by experts in evidence. ...

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