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• The Royal Abgar Dynasty.
•   Center (Bottom): The pool of Sulka (the mother of King Nimrud). ...   Center (Top): The mount of King Nimrud. ...
• Some writers, look at the surface, see that the names of the Abgar Dynasty kings sound like Arabic names, and immediately they jump into a conclusion that the Abgar-Dynasty kings are Arabs! .
• First of all, I would like to mention that the founder of the Abgar dynasty was called “Aryu”, and “Aryu” is a pure Syriac name and means “Lion” in English, while the Arabic word for Lion is “Asad”. ...
• When someone studies a culture or history of a kingdom like Osroene he should do his research based on the language spoken in that kingdom at the time period that the Abgar Dynasty ruled Osroene (and not after it was under Arab rule or other foreign rule either). ...
• The official language of the Kingdom of Osroene during the resign of the Abgar Dynasty from 132 B. ...
• The Arab conquest came much later, and long after the Abgar Dynasty lost its political power. ...
• Partial view of one of the two columns of King Nimrud, on which the names of the Kings of Osroene were inscribed in Syriac. ...
• Now let’s get back to the names of kings of the Abgar Dynasty. ...
• Abgar (I) Fiqo with Bakru (II) (94-92 B. ...
• Abgar (I) Fiqo (92-68 B. ...
• Abgar (II) Bar Abgar (I) Fiqo (68-53 B. ...
• Abgar (III) (29-26 B. ...
• Abgar (IV) Sumoqo (26-23 B. ...
• Abgar (V) Ukomo Bar Ma’nu (III) (4 B. ...

• It is known as,   “The Letter to King Abgar. ” Abgar was a real king who reigned from A. ... As the story goes, King Abgar wrote first to Jesus requesting a miracle.
• The Reply Of Jesus To King Abgar .
• Jesus, according to His letter, declined Abgar’s invitation because He had not fulfilled His ministry. ...
• He said that Jesus’ disciple Thaddeus went to Abgar and healed him. ...
• As to whether He wrote anything, such as the Letter to King Abgar, is in much dispute. ...

• In ancient legend, Christ Himself transferred His likeness to a linen cloth and sent it to King Abgar of Edessa. ...

• The account states  that King Abgar the Black, having heard of the wonderful works of Christ,  besought Our Lord to come and cure him of a serious malady, but that he obtained  only the promise that Our Lord would send one of His disciples, a promise which was fulfilled after the ascension, when Thaddeus (in Syriac, Addai), one of the  seventy-two disciples, was sent by St. Thomas to Edessa to cure the King. Addeus and his disciple Maris are said to have converted the King and people of Edessa, to have organized the Christian Church there, and to have composed the liturgy which bears their names. ... Although good historical evidence  concerning the foundation of the Church of Edessa is wanting, still it is quite certain that Christianity was introduced there at a very early date, since  towards the end of the second century the king was a Christian, and a bishop  (Palouth) of the see was consecrated by Serapion of Antioch (1902-03). ...

• Known from this state is King Nebuchadnessar who set the Palestinian Jews in exile in Babylon. ...
• According to the early Christian traditions the Aramean King Abgar V Ukomo (the black) of Edessa (Urhoy) was Christianized already during the lifetime of Jesus Christ. King Abgar suffered from leprosy and his doctor couldn’t cure him. ... He sent a delegation with a letter to Jesus and invited him to Edessa to cure King Abgar. ... But he sent one of his followers, Taddeus, who cured King Abgar and this was followed by the Kings conversion to Christianity. His state Edessa became later famous for this event and for the possession of the mentioned letters that were exchanged between Abgar and Jesus. ...

• An early document called the Doctrine of Addai (written sometime between 390 and 430) tells the story of King Abgar V of Edessa, who apparently converted to Christianity as a result of the ministry of Addai (or Thaddeus), one of the seventy sent out by Christ (Luke 10:1). According to the legend, Addai and Mari, another disciple, were dispatched by the apostle Thomas in response to a letter sent to Jesus himself by the king, requesting healing from his leprosy. Addai healed Abgar, resulting in the conversion of the king and many of his subjects. ... Although the story of King Abgar is generally dismissed as unfounded in fact, there were certainly Christians in Edessa by the mid second century, possibly even as early as the late first century. ... 17 Furthermore, coins dating from the first century have been found in northwest India bearing the name of King Gundaphar, the Indian ruler allegedly converted by Thomas, thus demonstrating his historicity. ... The king of the Himyarites in Yemen was apparently converted in 356 by Theophilus, mentioned above (although the Himyarite monarchs later converted to Judaism). ... By 644, Metropolitan Eliya of Merv, who is reported to have converted a Turkish king and his army, was able to speak of great numbers of Christians living beyond the Oxus River (modern-day Amu Darya). ... 93 The Catholicos Timothy I wrote in 781 of consecrating bishops for the Turks and for Tibet: "The king of the Turks with nearly all (the inhabitants of) his country, has left his ancient idolatry, and has become Christian, and has requested us in his letters to create a Metropolitan for his country; and this we have done. ... Rumours began to reach Europe of a powerful Christian priest-king, called Prester John, who was said to rule a vast domain in the East. 111 A supposed letter from Prester John started to circulate around 1145 and the rulers of Europe began to put their hope in this mysterious king, wondering if he would be the one to come to their aid. ... 129 Even the Christian tribes who were part of Kublai Khan's empire were all non-Chinese, such as the Ongut Turks, who (as Marco Polo reports) lived in the province of "Tenduc" and were ruled by "a king of the lineage of Prester John, who is a Christian and a priest and also bears the title 'Prester John'.
• 9 For a more detailed account of the legend of King Abgar V, see Atiya, 243-245 and Moffett, 47-50. ... 11 King Abgar VIII (177-212) was probably a Christian, as evidenced by the appearance of the cross on coins of the time. ...

• the legendary archer Haik defeated the army of the Assyrian king Belus and established the first Armenian kingdom. ...
• After along struggle against Rome the Armenia king Trdat lwas crowned by Nero in 66A. ...
• the Armenian king Abgar Arshakouni adopted Chrstianity which was after his death rejected dy his court.
• A iengthy national liberation movement ended with thr victory of Armenians and in 859 Ashot Bagratouni of the Bagratouni bynasty was recognized Prince of Princes, and in 885 he granted the title of the Armenian king by the Caliph.

• It is divided in three registers, the first showing the preparations for war; the middle battle scenes between Romans and Parthians; and the last the emperor speaking to the troops (on the left) and the liberation of a besieged city with the flight of the enemy king (on the right).
• Of the three registers, the lower shows the Roman forces attacking Edessa with war machines, and the surrender of the city; the middle register shows Septimius Severus talking to the troops (left), and the surrender of king Abgar of the Osroeni to the emperor; lastly, the upper register show the emperor in charge of operations (left) and a war council in a fortified camp (right).
• The fourth and last panel shows, in two registers, the siege of Ctesiphon, the capital of the Parthians, using war machines, and the flight of the defeated enemy king; and above finally the emperor addressing the victorious troops in front of the captured city.

• Abgar Ukkama wrote a letter to Jesus Christ to state that he and his people adopted Christianity and invited him to Sanliurfa in order to be cured by him and to learn about his religion at the same time.
• Jesus Christ sent his letter saying that he would not be able to come to Sanliurfa but he blessed the city and sent his miraculous portrait that came off on the handkerchief he wiped away his sweat with, to King Abgar by his apostle Adday also known as Thomas, King Abgar, wiping his face with the handkerchief got well afterwards. ...
• 34) The letter goes as follows : "Congratulations to you Abgar and your city called Edessa. ...
• Crowded pilgrim groups from all over the Christian world would visit holy Edessa and sacred tombs of Apostle Thomas (Adday) and Abgar, martyres Shmona, Saint Ephraim, Saint Thomas, Saint Cosmas and Saint Damian located here.
• At the top of a mountain here, the remnants of memorials built by Sharedu, the son of the king Edessa Abgar Ma'nu for the family members in the 1st century BC during the idolater period. ...

• The story goes, that Armenian king Abgar, reigning in Edessia, sends a letter to Christ, asking Him to go to Edessia to treat his incurable disease and abide in Edessia free from Hebrew oppression. ... After Christ's Resurrection Apostle Thaddeus comes to Edessia, cures king Abgar, and, christening him and his people, becomes the bishop of Edessia. ... Curing the king, Thaddeus comes to Armenia, where Sanatruk reigned those days, and starts preaching throughout the country. ... But as a result of the oppressions, he, Sanatruk's sister Voguhi, and many of the king's servitors die. ... The king, struck with her beauty, asks her to marry him, but Hripsime, devoted to her faith, refuses his offer. ... According to historian Agatangeghos's words, he "flew into rage, began to eat himself, and getting out of human shape, as the Babylonian king Nabuchodonosor (Nebuchadnezzar), in the shape of wild swine, like one of them went to live with them". Tiridates's sister, Khosrovidukht, sees a dream, that Grigor, who is in the deep pit, could cure the king. ... The Armenian king with entire Royal House comes before Grigor and asks for remittal. ... To overcome this problem, Mesrob Mashtots, a scientist, soldier and monk, invented Armenian alphabet in 405 with support of Catholicos Sahak Partev and King Vramshapuh. ...
• He received a significant support from Catholicos Sahak Partev and the king Vramshapuh. ...

• This idea comes from a Biblical story in which King Abgar of Edessa (a city located in what is now southeast Turkey) asked Jesus to cure him of leprosy and sent an artist to bring him a drawing of Jesus. Impressed with Abgar's great faith, Jesus pressed his face into a cloth and gave it to St. Jude to take to Abgar. Upon seeing Jesus' image, The King was cured and he converted to Christianity along with most of the people under his rule. ...

• Christ was the first authority for the use of sacred images; concerning Abgar and Veronica. ... John of Damascus mentions this in the fourth book of his Theology, where he writes: A certain story is told, according to which Abgar, king of the city of Edessa, sent an artist to paint an exact likeness of the Lord. ... This he sent to Abgar, who was eagerly awaiting it. ... He testifies there that he obtained the stories from the public archives of the city of Edessa, in which Abgar had reigned, where he found the texts among some ancient papers recording the deeds of King Abgar. In order to make his account the more trustworthy, Eusebius tells of a number of letters written by both Christ and Abgar which had been sent through the messenger Ananias. For the most gentle Jesus wrote to King Abgar to say that although he could not come to him in person, as he was fulfilling the work to which he was destined by his Father, he would, after his ascension, send one of his disciples to free him of the troubles of his illness. And, in fact, St Thomas did send St Thaddeus, one of the seventy disciples, who restored Abgar to health and instructed him in the right Christian faith. ... The image sent to Abgar is preserved today in the church of St Bartholomew in Genoa. ...

• According to traditional accounts, he was flayed alive and crucified, head downward, at Albanopolis, Armenia as punishment for having converted the King of Armenia to the Christian faith; the date is uncertain. ...
• It has been speculated—as hinted at by Eusebius of Caesaria (Church History, Book I, Chapter XIII)—that Jude carried the burial cloth of Jesus (now called the Shroud of Turin) to King Abgar of Edessa (now called Urfa, in Turkey). ... When Jude opened up the image to cure King Abgar of his illness, so it is said, both Jude and the image became radiant with light; hence the traditional flame on Saint Jude’s forehead.

• Inasmuch as the origin of icons in the Eastern church stems from a sixth century account of the "not-made-by-human-hands" impression of Christ's face on a linen cloth (mandylion) presented to King Abgar of Edessa, this notion of the acheiropoietic visage of Christ's isolated face imprinted on an empty field and unadulterated by human manipulation renders the image as true and pure--a ready template for dissemination. ...
• Kennedy, Jackie, Marilyn Monroe, Martin Luther King, Jr. ...

• According to Eusebius of Caesarea, King Abgarus of Edessa wrote to Jesus in 30 AD, asking him to come cure him of an illness. Instead, the apostle Thaddaeus is said to have come, bearing a cloth with the image of Jesus (the "Image of Edessa", or Mandylion), at which time the king was miraculously healed. After the king's death, the cloth might have been hidden in the city walls for protection as early as the reign of Manu VI, Abgar´s second son, who is thought to have reverted to paganism. ...
• The Persian King Chosrau I Anuschirwan (the large one) besieges the Roman Edessa. ... These documents quote a man called Smera in Constantinople in 950: "King Abgar received a cloth on which one can see not only a face but the whole body" (Faciei figuram sed totius corporis figuram cernere poteris). ...
• Its property was contested by the King Charles VI of France, who vainly ordered his sheriffs to obtain it and bring it to Troyes. ...

• Abgar’s messengers encounter Jesus on the road to Calvary and receive a piece of cloth impressed with the image of the Lord. When the cloth is brought back to Edessa, Abgar is healed. ...
• King Sanatruk and his daughter, Sandoukht convert to Christianity. ...
• King Trdat III imprisons the Christian Gregory, whose father had taken part in the assassination of Trdat III’s father, King Khosrov I. ...
• After committing this crime, King Trdat goes insane. ... The King agrees to release Gregory. Gregory restores Trdat’s health and baptizes the King and the royal family. King Trdat declares Christianity the national religion and Armenia, thereby, becomes the first Christian state.
• With the financial support of King Vramshapuh, he actively encourages St. ...
• King Smbat II Bagratuni, "the Master of the Universe," lays the cornerstone for the Cathedral of Ani. ...
• Gagik I becomes King. ...

• The king of Edessa, Abgar, was a leper. ... Hannan was a painter, so Abgar charged him to make a portrait of the Savior in case Christ refused to come. ...
• Jesus sent Hannan back to King Abgar, who was healed when he received the image of Christ. ... Thaddeus later visited Edessa after the resurrection and ascension of Christ and converted King Abgar to Christianity. ...

• During his reign, Abgar Oukama sent a letter to Jesus asking him to come to Edessa and cure him, the king, of a fatal disease. ...
• This legend of Abgar states that Addai, one of the seventy apostles, was sent by the disciple Judas Thomas, who healed Abgar and as a result of this miracle and his preaching converted Edessa to Christianity in 32 AD, and built a church from the money which king Abgar gave him. ...
• Many others accepted the asylum status offered by the Sassanian king Kobad, and migrated to Jundi Shapor in southwest Persia, an established See for a Nestorian bishop. ...
• The greatest impetus to the school was given by king Nushirwan the just. ...
• The Legend of Abgar. ...

• 37-4 HEROD THE GREAT, king of Judaea. ...
• 33 CE THE ACHEIROPOETON,"the true, not manmade" image of Jesus, given to Abgar, King of Edessa, by Thaddaeus. ...
• 41-44 HEROD AGRIPPA I, king of Judeae. ...
• 41 CE GALILEE AND JUDAEA conferred on King Agrippa. ...
• 132-216 EDESSA ruled by the ABGAR dynasty. ...
• Alaric I, king of the Visigoths, destroyed the temple of Eleusis. ...
• The ceremonies of the Vestal Virgins were introduced by the 2nd king of Rome, Numa Pompilius, who built a temple in honour of Vesta. ...
• 383 (c) THE AQUITAINE PILGRIM AETHERIA brought a copy of JESUS LETTER TO ABGAR to the West. ...
• 400 CE(c) COPIES OF THE MANDYLION, "the true picture of the face of Christ", al- leged to have been given to King Abgar of Mesopotamia by Christ himself, spread all over the christian world. ...
• 447 CE CHLODIO, the first known Merovingian king. ...

• ), it was this great king that effected the turning point in asserting the Akkadian prominence in Mesopotamia. ...
• It was King Sargon I who unified the Land between the two Rivers, including the city of Ashur and Nineveh in the North, and expanded his rule to Upper Mesopotamia into the Syrian land. ...
• Among his children, the king Neram-Seen (2291-2251 KQ) raised the star of Akkad to its peak, expanding his empire to the North and East. ... ), until a Sumerian king of Uruk, Auto Hikal, mustered enough force to chase and destroy their power, reviving for the span Of one more century the Sumerian rule (2113-2006 B. ...
• , with the Amorite King .
• Hammurabi is the most famous king of this dynasty (1793-1751 B. ...
• , Nabupalassar with the help of Chaldean tribes became king of Babylon, declared independence from Assyria, and allied himself with the Medees, causing the collapse of the Assyrian empire and the fall of Nineveh in 612 B. ...
• The son of Nabupallasar became Chaldean King of Babylon. ...
• , during the reign of King Nabuna'yd, Cyrus the Persian conquered Babylon putting and end to the Chaldean Empire and to the national rule in Mesopotamia, The Chaldean Empire was the last national name for Mesopotamia before falling to foreign powers. ... Even the Akhmanide kings added to their title: "King of Babylon and its land", they resided in the same Palace of Nabukadnassar. ... King Abgar ruled it in 130 B. ...
• From the Assyrian King Sargon palace in Khorsabad, those 14-foot-tall winged bulls are displayed in the Khorsabad Courtyard of Louver Museum of Paris. ...
• In this stone relief from Northwest palace at Nimrud, the king, in his role as high priest, lifts his hand in worship to the winged disk overhead, where the God Assur resides. ...

• It tells of an invitation sent by King Abgar V (Ukkoma, the Black) of Edessa to Jesus himself to visit Edessa and cure him of leprosy. In Jesus’ reply to the king, he promised that after his ascension, he would send one of his disciples to cure the king of the disease. ... The king was healed and he became a Christian. ... Several of them have pointed out that the tradition concerning the correspondence between King Abgar and Jesus is only apocryphal and hence spurious and that the king who became Christian in Edessa was not Abgar V but Abgar VIII (called the Great) who came to the throne in AD. ...
• Though the legend, reported by Eusebius, that Christ himself has sent missionaries to King Abgar of Edessa is based in reality on the conversion of a different Abgar at the end of the second century, it is nonetheless true that the region of Edessa had been evangelised by the Apostle Thomas has some foundation of historical fact. ...
• Having heard of his arrival, the king assembled all his people to hear Addai and all the city rejoiced in the doctrine and the king also believed. The Doctrine of Addai states, "After Jesus was ascended, Judas Thomas sent to him Abgar Thaddaeus, the apostle. ...
• When Addeus was dying, king Abgar sent to him a noble and excellent apparel, that he might be buried in it. ...
• ) Addai refuses to receive silver and gold from the king of Edessa, saying that he has forsaken the riches of this world "because without purses and without scrips, bearing the cross on our shoulders, we are commanded to preach the gospel in the whole creation. ...

• cercumstance of opening: The son of King Mahadevan fell ill and he said aflicted "I will open the grave of the Apostle and take a relic from his remains to hang it on my boy's neck so that he will live. ... His another son 'Vizayan' who was a baptized Christian and the Bishop Paul Sitaraman opened the grave of Apostle and gave some earth soaked with the blood of Martyrd Apostle to the King.
• Some historians says it happend during the reign of King Abgar IX in Edessa who was converted to Christianity and made it the 'State Religion'. ...
• Antonio Gil and first found the bones of the first King converted by St. ...
• Then the King of Golconda invaded and took possession of Santhome for 11 years till they were ousted by the French in 1672. ...

• Legend has it that in the time of Christ, King Abgar V Ukomo of Osroene in Assyria became very ill and no one could help him. Help was sent for from the famous healer, Jesus in Jerusalem, by means of the courier Hannan, to come and heal the king. ...
• Mor Adai, depending on which version of the story) went to Assyria, and successfully cured the king, whereupon the entire Assyrian population was converted to Christianity.
• com/osroene/abgar. ...

• The Abgar Legend.
• Among those was the Abgar Legend.
• The Abgar Legend, or "Epistles of Abgar," was a popular myth in early Christian times that Jesus Christ corresponded with King Abgar of Edessa, a city located in northern Syria, today in southeastern Turkey. According to the did not happen legend, Abgar, who was suffering from an incurable sickness, after hearing of the miraculous powers that Jesus had, wrote to Him and asked for healing - and even offered Jesus a place of sanctuary where He could live out His life in safety (and which, by the way, would have left the world without a Savior who died for the sins of humanity).
• Abgar to Jesus (keeping in mind, it never happened):.
• Jesus' "reply" to Abgar (keeping in mind, it never happened):.
• Although they were popularly read, being widely distributed and translated from Syriac into Greek, Latin, Armenian, Arabic and other languages, the events of the Abgar Legend did not happen - even the Roman Catholic Church officially refers to it as an "imaginary occurrence. ...

• According to the <ts>Chronicle</ts> of Jacob of Edessa, who lived in the seventh century, the Greek part of the population was so greatly diminished already by the year 180 of the Seleucid era (= 133 BCE) 2 that they allowed the native population to have a king from their own midst. \3/ The rulers--strictly speaking they were not kings but toparchs, even though the coins occasionally also call them *7 "king" (<gk>basilew</gk>) -- even at that time bear predominantly Arabic or Aramaic names: `Abdu, Ma`nu, Bakru, Abgar, Wâ'il. ... Only Abgar IX\4/ (179-214), the Roman minion, prefers a Greek inscription even for himself alone. ...
• Babelon, designates him as Abgar VIII -- DACL 4 (1921): 2065 ff. ...
• The story of King Abgar V Ukkama (= the Black), who ruled from 946 CE, and his relationship to Jesus is well known. ... The king, who has heard of the miraculous healings performed by Jesus, appeals to him by letter, acknowledges his deity, and begs to be freed from the illness that afflicts him. ... He blesses the king for believing without having seen. ... But after his death and ascension a disciple will come who will heal the king and will bring life to him, as well as to his people. ...
• 5): "There is also documentary evidence of these things, taken from the record office at Edessa, a city which at that time was still ruled by a king. For in the public documents there, which also contain the experiences of Abgar among other events of antiquity, these things also have been found preserved from his time until the present. ...
• There he heals Abgar and many others, and is requested by the "toparch" (13. ...
• Thus one may point, for example, to the figure of Tobias, who according to Eusebius, lives in Edessa and mediates the contact between Thaddaeus and Abgar (EH 1. ...
• von Gutschmid, by the view that it was not Abgar V, the contemporary of Jesus, but in fact a later prince by the same name -- Abgar IX (179-214) "who first turned Christian and thereby helped this religion to erupt. \9/ Nevertheless, the 5 grounds for accepting a conversion of this later Abgar appear to me to be overrated, while the counterarguments are not given enough consideration. \10/ *10 We must still give serious attention to the fact that without exception the ancient authors who speak of a Christian King Abgar of Edessa mean that one with whom Jesus is supposed to have been in correspondence. The possibility of this ninth Abgar has been uncovered by modern scholarship only as a substitute for the conversion of the fifth Abgar, which at present no one can seriously accept any longer. ...

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