The Messianic Legacy Church History In Plain Language Updated 2nd Edition Twelve Ordinary Men : The Early Church (Penguin History of the Church, 1) Baudolino Thirteen Apostles From the Holy Mountain : A Journey among the Christians of the Middle East A History of Christian Missions (Pelican History of the Church, Vol 6) Gnosis : The Nature and History of Gnosticism

• Twenty-five miles to the south stood the ancient city of Harran with its temple dedicated to the moon god Sin where the last king of Babylon, Nabonidus, spent the final days of his reign. ...
• The new name, although poetic (Antioch by the beautiful flowing water) lasted as long as the ambitious and brusque king was in power. ...
• The Israelites also lived in the area since the Assyrian king Shalmaneser V had settled the first group of Israelite Diaspora in Mesopotamia (1 Kings 17:5-6). ...
• The list of Edessan king is preserved in the Syriac chronicle of Dionysios of Tellmahre which begins in 132 BC (See Appendix). ...
• Abgar I Piqa of Edessa (94-68 BC) sided with Tigranes and was slain by Lucullus' legate, Sextilius. ... Abgar II of Edessa (68-53 BC), however, managed to keep the independence of his city because of the help he offered to Pompeius' legate Afranius. ... King Abgar II (68-53 BC), although formally an ally of Rome, made a sarcastic remark about Crassus' difficulties, "Did they think it would be a route-march through Campania?" Crassus was beheaded and his army of seven legions (44,000 men) was reduced to 10,000 men who safely returned to Antioch. ... The victorious Parthians killed Abgar II. ...
• During Trajan's campaigns the ruler of Edessa, Abgar VII (109-116) at first sided with the determined aggressive and victorious emperor. Later Abgar VII changed sides and joined the pro-Parthian rebellion that swept northern Mesopotamia in 116 (Tacitus, Ann. ... He took Edessa, destroyed it, and killed Abgar VII. ...
• In 163 Parthian troops invaded northern Mesopotamia, deposed the local Edessan king Manu VIII and put on the throne their own candidate Wael bar Sahru. ...
• It was not in Edessa, since Abgar VIII remained the ruler of the city until his death in 212. On this occasion Abgar VIII adopted the name Lucius ælius Aurelius Septimius Abgar which appears of his coins and inscriptions (Babelon, 255; CIL XII, 1856). This Abgar who ruled from 177-212 is also know as the Great, because under him Edessa achieved a status of "the Athens of the East. ...
• Caracalla (211-217) in 213 summoned the next Edessene king Abgar IX Severus and his sons to Rome and murdered them. Although the king list continues, this was practically the end of the Edessan royal house. ...

• In Muslim tradition this was where Abraham rebuked King Nimrod and his subjects because of their worship of idols. For the insult and his refusal to follow the king’s practice, Abraham was condemned to be burned. ...
• The Christian influence in Edessa, according to the 4th century Christian historian Eusebius, began when King Abgar V (4 BC- 50 AD) addressed a letter to Jesus asking him to come cure him of his leprosy. ...

• apparently developed from the compounding of the myth of King Abgar of .
• According to the former legend, Abgar III of Edessa, .
• to Edessa by the Apostles Addai and Mari, which not only cured Abgar, but .
• that Abgar III ever wrote to Christ, Abgar VIII a century or so later .
• Thus, the story of Abgar's Letter was amalgamated with the manner in which .
• that combined elements of both the Shroud and the Letter of Abgar with the .

• Legend has it that the cloth was brought to King Abgar V Ouchama of Edessa (13 –50 CE) by one of Jesus’ disciples known to us as Thaddeus Jude (Addai). ... Therein, we learn of a now lost document once in Edessa’s archives purportedly written by King Abgar V and delivered to Jesus by an envoy named Ananias. Abgar, supposedly, asked Jesus to come to Edessa and to cure him of leprosy. ...
• If, in fact, the cloth was taken to Edessa in the earlier part of the first century, it might have been hidden for protection as early as the reign of Ma’nu VI, Abgar’s son, who is thought to have reverted to paganism. ...
• ” In the late sixth century, Evagrius Scholasticus’ Ecclesiastical History mentions that Edessa was protected by a “divinely wrought portrait” (acheiropoietis) sent by Jesus to Abgar. ...
• By folding the cloth, doubled in fours (tetradiplon) that is exactly what results – a centered face of Jesus on a horizontal folded cloth – as seen in a 10th century painting of Abgar V holding a picture that is odd for its horizontal shape as a portrait. ...

• I 17 Zoroaster as king and magus of the Bactrians; in referring to Nines' death Moses has a different version against "as is said" (that is, in Eusebius). ...
• II 13 The history of Chroesus of Lydia and Cyrus, the Persian king. ...
• II 26 Abgar's title; Augustus makes Archelaus ethnarch. ...
• This is entirely Moses' own invention based on the reference in EH I 13 to the archives in Edessa from which Eusebius claims to have taken the story of Abgar's correspondence with Jesus. Since Moses has made Abgar an Armenian king, it was not difficult for him to push the fraud a little further and claim that the archives contained Armenian material. ...
• II 24 Abgar's father was Arsham, an Armenian king. Moses has added a nonexistent character to the stage 34  of history, transforming the Syrian Abgar's nickname Ukama ("black") via the Armenian translation Arjn to Arsham. The fictitious Arsham is then described as King Tigran's nephew; his reign coincided with that of Herod, for which Moses has adapted Josephus. ...
• The importance of Abgar is that it was in his city of Edessa that Addai/Thaddaeus first preached the Gospel. ...
• But as part of Moses' "Armenianizing" of history, he makes Helen the chief of Abgar's wives! .
• The 36  Armenians are neatly introduced into this romance by the suggestion that when Constantine was seeking a cure for his leprosy, he asked King Trdat to send magicians from Persia and India. ...
• This is based on Socrates I 20, though Socrates does not name the captive Christian woman who converted the king's wife. ...
• 78 This work is an elaboration of the Abgar story found in Eusebius' Ecclesiastical History (I 13), itself known to Moses from the Armenian Eusebius. The kernel of the story is the correspondence between Abgar, king of Edessa, and Jesus and the subsequent conversion of Abgar to Christianity worked by the apostle Thaddaeus, 79 one of the seventy-two. ...
• In Armenian tradition (as early as Faustos), Thaddaeus had become not merely the earliest Christian missionary in Armenia but a martyr put to death by King Sanatruk. ...
• Not only has Abgar been made an Armenian king (II 26) and Edessa the Armenian capital (II 27), but numerous Syrian notables mentioned in the Teaching of Addai, and hence in the Armenian version, have been turned into eminent Armenian princes (II 29-30). ...

• The Book Of Abgar .
• THE BOOK OF ABGAR -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- THE SAINT PACHOMIUS ORTHODOX LIBRARY This document is in the public domain. ... -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Epistles of Jesus Christ and Abgarus King of Edessa. ... {A copy of a letter written by King Abgarus to Jesus, and sent to him by Ananias, his footman, to Jerusalem, inviting him to Edessa. } 1:1 Abgarus, king of Edessa, to Jesus the good Saviour, who appears at Jerusalem, greeting. ... {The answer of Jesus by Ananias the footman to Abgarus the king, declining to visit Edessa. ...

• Eusebios, in his HISTORY OF THE CHURCH (I:13), relates that during the time of the Savior's preaching, Abgar ruled in Edessa. ... Reports of the great miracles worked by the Lord spread throughout Syria (Mt 4:24) and reached even Abgar. Without having seen the Savior, Abgar believed in Him as the Son of God. ...
• The Savior saw him, called to him by name and gave him a short letter for Abgar in which He praised the faith of this ruler. ...
• Reverently, Abgar pressed the holy object to his face and he received partial healing. ... Thaddeus, Apostle of the Seventy (August 21), who preached the Gospel and baptized Abgar and all the people of Edessa. Abgar put the Holy Napkin in a gold frame adorned with pearls, and placed it in a niche over the city gates. ...
• But one of the great-grandsons of Abgar, who later ruled Edessa, fell into idolatry. ...
• With great reverence the Icon of the Savior Not-Made-by-Hands and the letter which He had written to Abgar, were brought to Constantinople by clergy. ...
• In proof of the validity of Icon-Veneration, Pope Gregory II (715-731) sent a letter to the Byzantine emperor, in which he pointed out the healing of King Abgar and the sojourn of the Icon Not-Made-by-Hands at Edessa as a commonly known fact. ...
• at Edessa, of King Abgar (August 16) .

• The plains of the Assyrian heartland were called "Beth Athurayeh" and that appears in historical manuscripts of King Kurish Cyrus II indicating that the Assyrian prisoners returned to their homes some 66 years after the fall of their empire. Another manuscript shows that the Assyrians paid tax to King Qambiz, Cyrus’ son. ...
• Dariush (Dara), the Persian King, mentions of the execution of an Assyrian leader who revolted against him and recorded too about the Assyrian labors who transferred Timber for him from the mountains of Lebanon to the Persian city Susa to build his castle with. ...
• the king of Akkad stayed in Nineveh. ... " which is an indication of several months; second, "the king of Akkad Nabopolassar stayed in Nineveh. " Putting it together, Nabopolassar , after having claimed to ‘destroy’ Nineveh, stays there for several months before he returned to Babylon few months later as his agreement with the Medes stated, the Medes to control the north while the Chaldean King to control the south part of Mesopotamia. ...
• In fact records indicate that Neo Babylonian King Neriglisar (559-556 BC) brought back to the Assyrian city of Arrapha (modern Kirkuk) the statue of the goddess Anunitum, which was looted at an earlier time. ...
• "From the time of Asurbanipal, king of Assyria, to the 6th year of Nebunid's, king of Babylon, the son of my womb, (I have lived) for 104 happy years, according to what Sin, the king of the gods, had promised me. ...
• Nahum 3:18 "Your friends slumber, O king of Assyria; your allies have deserted; your people are scattered on the mountains, and they have none to gather them. ...
• The Assyrians Ashurayeh or Aturayeh did not vanish, they built smaller kingdoms for themselves in ‘Edessa’ Urhai which was ruled by 29 kings, 14 were known as Abgar and 15 as Mano. ...
• This communion, established in the late second century, claims uninterrupted descent in its teachings, liturgy, consecration and tradition from the time the Edessene King Abgar allegedly wrote to Christ asking him to relieve him of an incurable disease and Christ promised to send him one of his disciples after his ascension. ...
• Segal that according to Moses of Chronene, classical Armenian historian Abgar UkKamma of the first century AD wrote a letter to Nerseh King of Assyria. Although Moses accounts are fanciful historical evidence indicates that Nerseh King of Adiabene also known as King of Assyria was a contemporary of the Abgar the Great 177-204 AD. ...
• By the end of 612 BC and according to The Babylonian Chronicle, Sin-Shar-ishkun, king of Assyria fled, without mentioning his fate. ... Those of the Assyrians army who could escape from Nineveh fled hundred miles westward to Harran, where Ashur-Uballit of the Assyrian royal family was proclaimed king of Assyria. ...
• There were yet some other Vassal kingdoms Assyrians built like Edom (southern today’s Israel) which was newly fortified to help them with trade and its king Padi’s relations with Assyria is well documented. ...

• Early Eastern Christians also claimed to possess an image of Jesus, which he sent to King Abgar of Edessa in Syria and healed the king of leprosy. ...

• Ma’nu VIII son of Ma'nu VII becomes (Parthian nominee) king of Osrhoene, (he reigned from 139 to 163 A. ...
• Later a convert to Christianity during the reign of Abgar IX. ...
• Wa’el son of Sahru becomes (Parthian nominee?) king of Osrhoene and the Arabs, replacing Ma'nu VIII.
• Tiridates was king of Parthia at this date. ...
• Abgar VIII became king of Osrhoene and ruler of /'rb/ = Arabs. ...
• Abgar IX son of Ma’nu VIII (and therefore perhaps Parthian in outlook) became king of Osrhoene at the capital, Edessa.
• Narseh, the pro-Roman king of Adiabene or Assyria, was drowned in the Great Zab lake by the Parthians.
• King Abgar IX builds a new palace near the site of the springs of water in Edessa, (a site destroyed during the flood- see translation given above). ...
• Abgar IX adopts Christianity (though he may not have converted to Christianity himself) as the religion of the ruling house at Edessa. Bardaisan who also lived at this time, was the king's friend. ...
• Death of Abgar IX, king of Osrhoene at Edessa. Succeeded by his son Abgar X Severus.
• King Abgar X Severus deposed in the reign of the Roman emperor Caracalla. ...

• The area is an outstanding open air museum blending many remains coming from the times of the Subari, Hurri, Sumer, Akad, Mittani, Hittites, Assyrians, Schytians, Babylonians, Persians, Macedonia, Abgar, Romans, Arabians, Seljuk Turks, Artuklu and the Ottoman. ...
• In 2850 BC King Lugarzergis of Sumer occupied Mardin during his military campaign that extended to the Mediterranean coast. ...
• Upon the outbreak of a Midil civil war in 1367 BC, Assyrian King Asurobalit occupied Mardin.
• 60 years after King Týplatpalasýr I defeated these people and recaptured Mardin together with Sincar and Nusaybin.
• Ruled by the Assyrians until 800 BC, Mardin was then occupied by Urartu Kingdom and ruled by this Kingdom for 50 years corresponding mostly to the region of King Mimes.
• In 249 AD, Roman ruler Filibos led a rebellion and drove King Abgar IX out of Mardin. ... In 330, a king named Þad Buhari, who worships fire and sun, starts to stay in Mardin castle for his illness. ...
• After his death his sons and close relatives expanded the domain to Diyarbakýr and Harput and added to their success by defeating Crusades, Franks, Count of Urfa, Count of Bilecik and Bodven, the King of Jerusalem. ...

• Bartholemew of the Armenians, Genoa, Northern Italy; throughout the Middle Ages, was reputed to be the cloth Holy Mandylion portrait "made without hands" and given by 'Iyesus to His disciple Tomas, with instructions to send it with Tadiewos, along with a written letter, to the King Abgar V of Edessa, followin 'Iyesus ascension into Heaven. ...
• Finally, as the Eternal King who presides over the Resurrection, Judgemant Day, and the Everlivin Kingdom on Earth. ...
• A similar ancient prophecy (Fikare Iyesus) is found in the Ethiopian Church, adding that the Messiah will be a Ruler of the Solomonic line, who is figuratively called Tewodros (from the Greek for "Gift of God") and is said to rule for 40 years - - not to be confused with the king who took this name in the 19th century having usurped the throne for a brief time. ...
• HAILE SELASSIE I RULED ETHIOPIA SITTING PON THE THRONE AS KING OF KINGS 1930-1975 = 45 YEARS - - LESS EXACTLY 5 YEARS TO THE DAY IN EXILE, = 40 YEARS!!! .

• He soon converted his friend king Abgar IX of Edessa (179-216 e. ...
• His Parents, the King of Kings and the Queen of the East, then sent him on a Journey to Egypt, divesting him of his Robe of Glory and his Purple Mantle, and loading him with provisions. ... Immediately upon eating the Food of the Egyptians, he fell into a waking Sleep, forgetting his Royal Origins and his Mission, and became a slave to the Egyptian King. ...
• This Gnostic hymn appeared later, slightly modified, as a Sufi teaching story titled "The King's Son", attributed to Amir Sultan, Sheikh of Bokhara, who taught in Istanbul and died in 1429 e. ...

• And who but the Father could conceive of the Light that existed before the world, the Wisdom that preceded time, the living Word that was in the beginning with the Father and was God? Before all creation and fashioning, visible or invisible, he was the first and only offspring of God, the commander-in-chief of the spiritual host of heaven, the messenger of mighty counsel, the agent of the ineffable plan of the Father, the creator-with the Father-of all things, the second cause of the universe after the Father, the true and only begotten Child of God, the Lord and God and King of everything created, who has received lordship, power, honor, and deity itself from the Father. ...
• Similarly, some of the prophets themselves, by anointing, became types of Christ, so that all three refer to the true Christ, the divine Word, who is the only High Priest of the universe, the only King of all creation, and the only Archprophet of the Father. ...
• Proof of this is the fact that none of those symbolically anointed of old, whether priest, king, or prophet, ever obtained the sort of divine power our Savior and Lord, Jesus - the only real Christ - demonstrated. ...
• That his anointing was divine is proved by the fact that he alone, of all who have ever lived, is known throughout the world as Christ and is called thus by Greeks and non-Greeks alike and to this day is honored by his worshipers throughout the world as King, held in greater awe than a prophet, and glorified as the true and only High Priest of God and above all as the preexistent Word of God, having his being before all ages and worshiped as God. ...
• At this time Herod was the first foreigner to become king of the Jewish nation, fulfilling Moses' prophecy that "A ruler shall not be wanting from Judah, nor a leader from his loins, until he comes for whom it is reserved" Gen. ...
• He sent as prisoner to Rome, together with his children, the king and high priest, Aristobulus, who had continued the succession of his ancestors up to that time, and transferred the high priesthood to his Aristobulus's brother Hyrcanus, while making the whole Jewish nation tributary to Rome from then on. ...
• The reliable Josephus reports that Herod, once made king by the Romans, no longer appointed high priests of the ancient line but obscure sorts instead, a practice followed by his son Archelaus and the Roman governors after him when they took over the government of the Jews. ...
• After he was treacherously assassinated, he was succeeded by his son Herod, who later was appointed king of the Jews by Antony, Augustus, and decree of the senate. ...
• Now when Christ was born according to prophecy, at Bethlehem of Judea at the time already noted, magi from the East asked Herod where they could find the one born king of the Jews. ...
• Wise onlookers declared that God was exacting retribution from the king for his many wicked deeds. ...
• Josephus confirms the Gospel narrative, mentioning Herodias by name and telling how Herod married her though she was the wife of his brother, who was still alive, and dismissed his own lawful wife, who was the daughter of King Aretas IV of Petra. ...
• Thus, when King Abgar V , the celebrated ruler of peoples beyond the Euphrates, was suffering terribly from an incurable illness and often heard the name of Jesus and his miracles, he sent him a request, via letter carrier, pleading for relief from his disease. ...
• There is written evidence of this taken from the archives at Edessa, the then royal capital, which include ancient history as well as the events at Abgar's time. ...
• Copy of a Letter Written by Abgar the Toparch to Jesus, sent to him at Jerusalem by the courier Ananias.
• Abgar Uchama, the Toparch, to Jesus the excellent Savior who has appeared in the region of Jerusalem, greeting. ...
• The Reply of Jesus to the Toparch Abgar by the Courier Ananias.

• Legend has it that the cloth was brought to King Abgar V Ouchama of Edessa (13 -50 CE) by one of Jesus' disciples known to us as Thaddeus Jude (Addai). ... Therein, we learn of a document in Edessa's archives (since lost) purportedly written by King Abgar V and delivered to Jesus by an envoy named Ananias. Abgar supposedly asked Jesus to come to Edessa and to cure him of leprosy. ...
• If, in fact, the Shroud was taken to Edessa in the earlier part of the first century, it might have been hidden for protection as early as the reign of Ma'nu VI, Abgar's son, who is thought to have reverted to paganism. ...
• " In the late sixth century, Evagrius Scholasticus' Ecclesiastical History mentions that Edessa was protected by a "divinely wrought portrait" (acheiropoietis) sent by Jesus to Abgar. ...

• Supporting this hypothesis is an ancient Syriac text dating back to a king during the time of Jesus, named Abgar. According to this text King Abgar hears that Jesus is a healer and a king. Abgar invites him to Edessa, Turkey, which is now Istanbul. He invites him to come and heal him, and to share and rule in his land as well, because he hears that Jesus is a persecuted king. ... The text continues, asserting that Abgar became a Christian and the city became a Christian city. After the death of Abgar, the cloth is bricked up in the wall surrounding the city, because one of Abgar's sons was a pagan, and he proceeded to persecute the Christians and destroy Christian artifacts and relics that were in the city. ...
• During World War II, the last reigning king of Italy, a man named Emberto, who was king for only a few months, was exiled to Portugal. ...

• Legend has it that the cloth was brought to King Abgar V Ouchama of Edessa (13 â “50 C. ... Therein, we learn of a now lost document once in Edessaâ ™s archives purportedly written by King Abgar V and delivered to Jesus by an envoy named Ananias. Abgar supposedly asked Jesus to come to Edessa to cure him of leprosy. ...
• If, in fact, the cloth was taken to Edessa in the earlier part of the first century, it might have been hidden for protection as early as the reign of Maâ ™nu VI, Abgarâ ™s son, who is thought to have reverted to paganism. ...
• â � In the late sixth century, Evagrius Scholasticusâ ™ Ecclesiastical History mentions that Edessa was protected by a â œdivinely wrought portraitâ � (acheiropoietis) sent by Jesus to Abgar. ...
• By folding the cloth, doubled in fours (tetradiplon) that is exactly what resultsâ ”a centered face of Jesus on a horizontal folded clothâ ”as seen in a 10th century painting of Abgar V holding a picture that is odd for its horizontal shape as a portrait. ...

• Edessa was a small Kingdom in Syria and at time of Jesus Abgar Ukomo was its king. Abgar wrote a letter to Jesus as folows:.
• Abgar Ukomo, the toparch, to Jesus the good Savior who has appeared in the district of Jerusalem, greetings. ...
• Our savior replied to Abgar and the reply was sent through Ananias. ...
• After the resurrection of Jesus, Jesus did sent Thadues, one of the Seventy disciples to Abgar and healed him. ...

• THE BOOK OF ABGAR .
•   The Epistles of Jesus Christ and Abgarus King of Edessa.
• {A copy of a letter written by King Abgarus to Jesus, and sent to him by Ananias, his footman, to Jerusalem, inviting him to Edessa. ...
• 1:1 Abgarus, king of Edessa, to Jesus the good Saviour, who appears at Jerusalem, greeting.
• {The answer of Jesus by Ananias the footman to Abgarus the king, declining to visit Edessa. ...

• According to ancient legend, King Abgar of Edessa, (now Urfa in Turkey), was a leper. ... When Abgar beheld the cloth, his leprosy was cured, although his scars remained. After Pentecost, the apostle Thaddeus, one of the seventy, went to Edessa and completed Abgar’s cure and conversion to Christianity.

• He describes the Assyrian infantry in the Persian Army during the rule of King Xerxes (485-465 B. ...
• Brinkman states that in the 7th century BC, Aramaic had begun to replace Assyrian in Assyria and the king had to insist that letters from his officials be written in Assyrian and not Aramaic. ... 410 BC) the Athenians intercepted a Persian who was carrying a message from the Great King to Sparta. ...
• These are “couched in Assyrian legal formulae” and date to the second and fifth years of Nebuchadnezzar II, king of Babylon, i. ... Those of the Assyrian army that were able to flee Nineveh escaped hundreds of miles westward to Harran, where Ashur-Uballit II of the Assyrian royal family was proclaimed king of Assyria. ...
• In 400 BC, a Greek general named Xenophon, employed by the Persian king Cyrus son of Darius, wrote his chronicle 45 as he and his 10,000 strong army retreated through Assyria along the river Tigris. ...
• Accordingly, the Nestorians promoted three legends in support of that contention while relating them to the three Magi and their visit to the infant Jesus, the story of King Abgar of Edessa, and the Acts of St. ... Though it may be hard to accept the hypothesis of Abgar V’s conversion around the middle of the first century AD, Abgar VIII (176-213) is known to have been a Christian from the testimony of Sextus Julius Africanus, who visited his court. ...
• Segal that Abgar the black of the first century AD wrote a letter to Narsai King of Assyria. Historical evidence indicates that Narsai King of Adiabene also known as King of Assyria was a contemporary of the Abgar the Great (177-204 AD). ...
• “Aphraates became a convert to Christianity during the reign of the anti-Christian Persian king Shapur II (309-379), after which he led a monastic life, possibly at the monastery of St. ...
• We read of Tatian the Assyrian, a philosopher who was born in AD 130, and Mar Behnam and his sister Sarah, the children of Sennacherib, king of Ashur, who were martyred in AD 352. ...
• This communion, established in the late second century, claims uninterrupted descent in its teachings, liturgy, consecration and tradition from the time the Edessene King Abgar allegedly wrote to Christ asking him to relieve him of an incurable disease and Christ promised to send him one of his disciples after his ascension. ...

• Tradition says that Christianity was preached in Armenia early in the first century by the apostles Thaddæus and Bartholomew; also that their king Abgar held communication with Jesus Christ. ... their king, Tridates, and the whole nation became known as Christian under the preaching of ST. ...
• At this time the Persians were planning the conquest and conversion of the whole world to their religion, and so the Persian king sent a letter to the Armenian princes, setting forth the excellence of fire worship and the foolishness of Christianity, and ordering the Armenians to give up Christianity and engage in fire worship.
• After answering at some length the arguments of the Persian king against Christianity, they said in conclusion: "From this faith no one can move us-neither angels nor men; neither sword, nor fire, nor water, nor any deadly punishment. ...
• The king of Persia was amazed and enraged at the boldness of this reply, for Armenia was a small country in population, and stood alone without allies against the great power of Persia. ...
• But the obstinate resistance offered by the Christians-men, women, and children alike-convinced the king of Persia that he could never make fire worshipers out of the Armenians. ... " Even the high priest of fire saw that the Persian s had undertaken an impossibility, and thus advised the king: "These people have put on Christianity, not like a garment, but like their flesh and blood. ...

• Ross has recently written, "By the end of the century between Trajan (97-117) and Septimius Severus (193-211), the king of Edessa was squarely within Roman clientela, and the groundwork was laid for the even firmer incorporation of his realm into the empire. " 5 King Abgar VIII, `the Great' (178/9-212), was the king at the time. It was during his reign, as a client king of Rome, that "pre-Christian Edessan culture reached its zenith. ...
• The dynasty is often called the `Abgarids', after the name Abgar, the given name of a number of the city's kings. ...
• See also Alain Desreumaux, Histoire du roi Abgar et de Jesus (Paris: Brepols, 1993).
• *when Abgar, the king, the son of Ma'nu, the king, sent the letter to Jerusalem, to our Lord;.
• Finally, at the very end, there is the notice about Labubna, the king's scribe, "the one writing down these things of Addai, the apostle," and Hannan, the king's trustworthy archivist, who "set down the hand of witness. ...
• For this purpose he evokes the memory of King Abgar V, `the Black', (4 BC - 7 AD & 13 A D - 50 AD) and the legendary account of his having sent envoys to Palestine with a letter for Jesus at the time of his passion. He asked Jesus to come to Edessa to heal the king of an illness. ... He promised to send a disciple to Edessa after his ascension into heaven, to heal Abgar and to preach the Gospel in his kingdom. Meanwhile, Hannan the archivist, a member of the king's delegation to Jesus, is said to have brought a portrait he painted of Jesus back to Edessa with him from Palestine. ...
• Marcion's ideas had a powerful effect on Edessa's native intellectual, Bar Daysan (154-222), whom Julius Africanus met in Abgar VIII's court in the days of Septimius Severus, as we mentioned above. ...

• YOOMAA D AAVGAARR - - - - the day of King Abgar Okoomaa (the black one). December 20 is the day we commemorate our first Chirstian King, King Aavgaar Okhooma V (son of Mano). He was an Ashuree king of Edessa (a city/state in modern day northern Syria) around 32 A. ... We celebrate this day to honor the first Christian Assyrian king, Melka Aavgaarr. ...
• So sacred is this holiday to Assyrians and Babylonians, that when Nabonidus, the third king in seven years after Nebuchadnesser, neglected the holiday, the people were so distraught, they let Cyrus of Persia walk in Ishar's gate and take Babylon without a pouring a single drop of blood in October 539 B. ...
• Upon this word, the king removes his royal robes and puts on a sack cloth. ...

• Tiglath-Pileser III was the firs king of Assyria to make Babylon an Assyrian province. ...
• In the place of these, a new system was imposed, and in the place of the former ruler—in most cases a king—an Assyrian provincial governor was appointed by the king and was directly responsible to him. ... These governors administered their provinces according to the king’s will. ...
• As Sidney Smith says, “Sargon was not only a great King but an enlightened man, and in him is to be found the same taste for artistic and literary effort that distinguished his successors”2.
• “The Age of Ashurbanipal marks a definite stage in the history of culture, and the modern term (the Age of Ashurbanipal) befittingly links that king’s name with his time, as it connects the glories of Imperial Rome with the name of Augustus”3.
• What happened to those people? Where did they go? According to the recorded history King Abgar Aukama IX, an Assyrian, the remnants of this empire were under the Roman mandate. King Abgar himself was ruling in Edessa or the modern city of Urhai during the time of Christ. In the previously mentioned city 29 Assyrian kings ruled, 14 of which were from the house of Abgar and fifteen from the House of Mano5.
• Addai went to Urhai or Edessa in fulfillment of a promise which Jesus had made to King Abgar, while on earth. Historical documents point out that this promise was involved in direct correspondence between Jesus and King Abgar. ... , during the reign of Tiberius, the Roman Governor of Jerusalem, King Abgar had dispatched three of his most trusted men to invite Jesus to come for a visit and to cure him of his malady. Marhat, Shamshagrum and Hannan the artist, the three men that King Abgar had sent as emissaries of good-will to Jesus, had set out on their journey. ... As emissaries of King Abgar, they remained with Jesus for ten days. ... On their return to Urhai, in reverence and admiration, they related to King Abgar what they had seen and heard, also mentioning the promise that Jesus had made of sending one of his disciples to him to cure his malady. The journey of Addai to Urhai or Edessa was in fulfillment of that promise, and on his arrival King Abgar extended him a cordial welcome and gave him assurance of every possible assistance with which to carry on his work. With the King’s aid Addai taught the new doctrine of Jesus, founded churches and established great theological seminaries throughout the country. ...

Do you have a great site about King Abgar? Is your King Abgar site listed here? Would you like a prefered placement of your site in this directory?

It's easy! First place, the HTML from the box below on your page that you would like listed in this directory.

Then use our link submission request with your name, your contact information, and the URL of your site that has a link to this directory. After we verify your link to us, we'll make sure your site stays in our directory, and we'll give it prefered placement here also.

Here is how to make a simple text link to us. Just copy the code in this box to your website:

We can also develop a custom Guide To The Internet for your site. Please request your own custom Guide To The Internet.