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• ANCIENT SYRIAC DOCUMENTS: EXTRACTS FROM VARIOUS BOOKS CONCERNING ABGAR THE KING AND ADDAEUS THE APOSTLE; THE TEACHING OF ADDAEUS THE APOSTLE; SYRIAC CALENDAR .
• EXTRACTS FROM VARIOUS BOOKS CONCERNING ABGAR THE KING AND ADDAEUS THE APOSTLE. ...
• FROM HIS TEACHING WHICH HE GAVE IN EDESSA BEFORE ABGAR THE KING AND THE ASSEMBLY OF THE CITY. ...
• 4 For He is the Son of a King, and goeth to receive a kingdom, and He will return and come and make a resuscitation to life of all men. ...
• Addaeus 5 preached at Edessa and in Mesopotamia (he was from Paneus 6 ) in the days of Abgar the king. And, when he was among the Zophenians, Severus the son of Abgar sent and slew him at Agel Hasna, as also a young man his disciple. ...
• And while they were deliberating, lo! letters came from Abgar, the king of the city of Edessa, to Sabina the procurator 4 who had been appointed by Tiberius the emperor, and as far as the river Euphrates the procurator Sabina had authority. And, because Addaeus the apostle, one of the seventy-two apostles, had gone down and built a church at Edessa, and had cured the disease with which Abgar the king was afflicted--for Abgar the king loved Jesus Christ, and was constantly inquiring about Him; and, when Christ was put to death and Abgar the king heard that the Jews had slain Him on the cross, he was much displeased; and Abgar arose and rode and came as far as the river Euphrates, because he wished to go up against Jerusalem and lay it waste; and, when Abgar came and was arrived at the river Euphrates, he deliberated in his mind: If I pass over, there will be enmity between me and Tiberius the emperor. And Abgar wrote letters and sent them to Sabina the procurator, and Sabina sent them to Tiberius the emperor. In this manner did Abgar write to Tiberius the emperor:-- .
• "From Abgar, the king of the city of Edessa. ...
• For the king was become a labourer for the church, and was building it. ...
• And King Abgar laid aside his diadem and builded with him. ...
• When apostle and king concurred the one with the other, .
• 3 And Abgar was astonished and marvelled, because, like as he had heard about Jesus, how He wrought and healed, so Addaeus also, without any medicine whatever, was healing in the name of Jesus. ...
• Abgar said to him: Now that every man knoweth that by the power of Jesus Christ thou doest these miracles, and lo! we are astonished at thy deeds, I therefore entreat of thee to relate to us the story about the coming of Christ, in what manner it was, and about His glorious power, and about the miracles which we have heard that He did, which thou hast thyself seen, together with thy fellow-disciples. ...

• The Legend of Abgar.
• the letter of Abgar to Our Lord; .
• The legend, according to these two works, runs as follows: Abgar, king of Edessa, afflicted with an incurable sickness, has heard the fame of the power and miracles of Jesus and writes to Him, praying Him to come and heal him. ... The letters of Our Lord and of the king of Edessa vary in the version given in Eusebius and in that of the "Teaching of Addaï. ...
• Abgar Ouchama to Jesus, the Good Physician Who has appeared in the country of Jerusalem, greeting: .
• The nature of Abgar's sickness has been gravely discussed, to the credit of various writers' imaginations, so holding that it was gout, others leprosy; the former saying that it had lasted seven years, the latter discovering that the sufferer had contracted his disease during a stay in Persia. ...
• In addition, however, to the importance which it attained in the apocryphal cycle, the correspondence of King Abgar also gained a place in liturgy. ... The Syrian liturgies commemorate the correspondence of Abgar during Lent. ... 4, 2), gives two collects on the lines of the letter to Abgar. ...
• Hannan, who wrote at Our Lord's dictation, was archivist at Edessa and painter to King Abgar. ...

• In New Testament times King Abgar of the Syrian city of Edessa fell ill and sent his court artist Ananias to sketch an image of Christ. So great were the stories of Christ’s healing power, that King Abgar believed if only he could see an image of Jesus, he too could be healed. ... However, knowing this, Christ sought him out in the crowd and pressed a cloth to his own face, miraculously imprinting it with his image and telling Ananias to take the cloth to Abgar. Upon seeing the cloth, Abgar was healed but retained a slight touch of his former illness until Thaddeus, a disciple of Christ, came and baptized him. ... ” This image should not be confused with the Roman Catholic story of “Veronica’s Veil,” which is a later development of the Abgar legend. ...

• Extracts from Various Books Concerning Abgar the King and Addaeus the Apostle.
• Extracts from Various Books Concerning Abgar the King and Addaeus the Apostle.
• From his teaching which he gave in Edessa before Abgar the King and the assembly of the city. ...
• 4 For He is the Son of a King, and goeth to receive a kingdom, and He will return and come and make a resuscitation to life of all men.
• Addaeus5 preached at Edessa and in Mesopotamia (he was from Paneus6 ) in the days of Abgar the king. And, when he was among the Zophenians, Severus the son of Abgar sent and slew him at Agel Hasna, as also a young man his disciple.
• And while they were deliberating, lo! letters came from Abgar, the king of the city of Edessa, to Sabina the procurator11 who had been appointed by Tiberius the emperor, and as far as the river Euphrates the procurator Sabina had authority. And, because Addaeus the apostle, one of the seventy-two apostles, had gone down and built a church at Edessa, and had cured the disease with which Abgar the king was afflicted-for Abgar the king loved Jesus Christ, and was constantly inquiring about Him; and, when Christ was put to death and Abgar the king heard that the Jews had slain Him on the cross, he was much displeased; and Abgar arose and rode and came as far as the river Euphrates, because he wished to go up against Jerusalem and lay it waste; and, when Abgar came and was arrived at the river Euphrates, he deliberated in his mind: If I pass over, there will be enmity between me and Tiberius the emperor. And Abgar wrote letters and sent them to Sabina the procurator, and Sabina sent them to Tiberius the emperor. In this manner did Abgar write to Tiberius the emperor:-.
• "From Abgar, the king of the city of Edessa. ...
• For the king was become a labourer for the church, and was building it.
• And King Abgar laid aside his diadem and builded with him.
• When apostle and king concurred the one with the other,.

• 1 Yet the pages of Eusebius bear witness to the Edessene legends as of very early origin, and it is reasonable to suppose that they rest on some inquiries made by the contemporary Abgar concerning the great Prophet who had appeared in Galilee. ... The mission of Thaddaeus seems a historical fact; and if he found Abgar predisposed to believe, and familiar with the story of the Christ, the growth of the whole fable is sufficiently accounted for. ... Natalis Alexander judges both it and the reply of Abgar supposititious; and Dupin, after him, yet more solidly convicts it of such manifest errors as may satisfy all considering persons that Eusebius and Ephraem were too easy of belief in this particular, and did not sufficiently examine into it. ...
• I conclude that Eusebius was led to put some confidence in it by the antecedent probability to which I have referred, favouring the idea that some knowledge of Christ had penetrated the mind and heart of Abgar even in our Saviour's lifetime. ...
• in the British Museum a considerable portion of the original Aramaic document which Eusebius cites as preserved in the archives of Edessa, and various passages from it quoted by several authors, with other testimonies which seem to be sufficient to establish the fact of the early conversion of the inhabitants of that city, and among them of the king himself, although his successors afterwards relapsed into paganism. ... Wright, "of the genuineness of the Epistles attributed to Abgar, king of Edessa, and our Lord: an opinion which he shared with such illustrious scholars as Baronius, Tillemont, Cave, R. ...
• Such matters are: the celebrated Epistles, the conversion of King Abgar Uchomo, the visit of Thaddaeus, and the early prevalence of Christianity at Edessa. With regard to the letters said to have passed between Abgar and our Lord, it seems sufficient, without referring to the internal evidence, to remark, with Lardner and Neander, that it is inconceivable how anything written by Christ should have remained down to the time of Eusebius unknown to the rest of the world. 10 The conversion of Abgar is a distinct matter of inquiry. But on this again, doubt, to say the least, is cast by the statement that Abgar Bar Manu, who reigned between the years 160 and 170 a. ... , is the first king of Edessa on whose coins the usual symbols of the Baal-worship of the country are wanting, these being replaced in his case by the sign of the Cross. ... This sufficiently falls in with the proof already adduced of the conversion of even a king of Edessa about fifty years later.

• King Lucius.
• whilst Eleutherus (Eleutherius), a holy man, presided over the Roman church, Lucius, king of the Britons, sent a letter to him, entreating that by his command he might be made a Christian. ... Lucius, king of Britain, writing to him, requested to be made a Christian, and succeeded in obtaining his request. ... Be that as it may, Bede is the first 'domestic' source to mention King Lucius. ... The king being referred to, therefore, was Lucius Abgar IX (179-214) of Osroene. ... 1143), in his 'Gesta Regum Anglorum' (Deeds of the English Kings): "It is related in annals of good credit, that Lucius, king of the Britons, sent to Pope Eleutherius, thirteenth in succession from St. ... This surely was the commendable deed of a magnanimous prince, eagerly to seek that faith, the mention of which had barely reached him, at a time when it was an object of persecution by almost every king and people to whom it was offered. ... Immediately upon this, people from all countries, assembling together, followed the king's example, and being washed in the same holy laver, were made partakers of the kingdom of heaven. ... In the meantime, the glorious king Lucius highly rejoiced at the great progress which the true faith and worship had made in his kingdom, and permitted the possessions and territories which formerly belonged to the temples of the gods, to be converted to a better use, and appropriated to, Christian churches. ...

• The Abgar Legend between East and West: the First Christian Kingdom or the Apostolic Origin of the Church .
• he apocryphal narrative about the king, describing in a legendary way the story of the first conversion of a king to Christianity and his correspondence with Christ, have since its creation been the object of constant scrutiny not only by medieval writers and theologians, but also by scholars studying iconography, the iconoclastic controversy, and the history of the development of Eastern Christianity. Many scholars have treated different versions of the Abgar Legend, underlying the difference between the Byzantine and Oriental versions. ... Currently, most scholars assume that the Legend witnesses the history of Mesopotamia in the third century, during the reign of King Abgar VIII bar Manu (AD 177-212). ... That is to say, it seems untenable to find out whether the Acts were intended for presenting the event of the conversion of the king to Christianity itself (as the Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius), or it was aiming more at narrating the apostolic deeds of Thaddaeus in Edessa (as the Doctrina Addai, as the title itself suggests). ... For this reason for Eusebius of Caesaria, the story attracts attention as a model of conversion of the king to Christianity before Constantine the Great. ...

• Copy of a letter written by Abgar the Toparch to Jesus.
• "Abgar Uchama the Toparch to Jesus, who has appeared as a gracious saviour in the region of Jerusalem--greeting.
• Jesus' reply to the Toparch Abgar by the courier, Ananias.
• When his arrival was announced and he had been made conspicuous by the wonders he performed , Abgar was told: 'An apostle has come here from Jesus, as He promised you in his letter. ...
• When Abgar heard of the magnificent and astonishing things that he was doing and especially his cures, he began to suspect that this was the one to whom Jesus referred when He wrote in His letter: 'When I have been taken up, I will send you one of my disciples who will cure your disorder. ... ' Abgar replied: 'Bring him to me. ...
• So Tobias went to Thaddaeus and said to him: 'The Toparch Abgar has summoned me and told me to bring you to him so that you can cure him. ... ' The next day Tobias got up early and escorted Thaddaeus to Abgar. As he presented himself, with the king's grandees standing there, at the moment of his entry a wonderful vision appeared to Abgar on the face of Thaddaeus. On seeing it, Abgar bowed low before the apostle, and astonishment seized all the bystanders; for they had not seen the vision, which appeared to Abgar alone. ...
• When he did this, Abgar was instantly cured of the disease and disorder from which he suffered. It surprised Abgar that the very thing he had heard about Jesus had actually happened to him through His disciple Thaddaeus, who had cured him without drugs or herbs--and not only him but also Abdus, son of Abdus, who had gout. ...
• After this, Abgar said: 'It is by the power of God that you, Thaddaeus, do these things; and we ourselves were amazed. ...
• So Abgar instructed his citizens to assemble at daybreak and hear the preaching of Thaddaeus. ...

• According to tradition, this king, Abgar V of Osroene (Ukkama or Uchomo, "the black"), being afflicted with leprosy, sent a letter to Jesus, acknowledging his divinity, craving his help and offering him asylum in his own residence; the tradition states that Jesus wrote a letter declining to go, promising, however, that after his ascension he would send one of his disciples.
• 325 an exchange of two letters between Abgar and Jesus and published them in his Ecclesiastical History (i. ...
• This Teaching of Addai is also the earliest full account of the icon, a painting of Jesus' face made from life during his ministry by Hannan, an agent of ailing King Abgar V, who enshrines it in one of his palaces. ...
• In yet another form of the story, derived from Moses of Chorene's mid-5th century History of the Armenians, it is said further that Jesus sent his portrait to Abgar, and that this portrait was preserved in Edessa.
• Another theory is that the story was fabricated by Abgar IX of Osroene, during whose reign the kingdom became Christianized, as a way of legitimizing this religious transformation.
• Abgar Ouchama to Jesus, the Good Physician Who has appeared in the country of Jerusalem, greeting:.
• Catholic Encyclopedia -- Legend of Abgar.

• Tradition holds that the Syrian church at Edessa was founded after King Abgar had written a letter to Jesus himself, who responded in writing that an apostle would be sent following his ascension. ...

• From Eusebius of Caesarea’s Ecclesiatical History we learn of a letter in Edessa’s archives written by King Abgar V to Jesus asking Him to come to Edessa to cure Abgar of leprosy. ...
• The Doctrine of Addai (Thaddeus), mentions a portrait of Jesus attributed to Ananias, a member of King Abgar's court. ...
• Evagrius Scholasticus’ Ecclesiastical History mentions that Edessa is protected by a "divinely wrought portrait" (acheiropoietis) sent by Jesus to Abgar. ...
• A diptych painted in the tenth century shows a cloth with an image of Jesus being held be King Abgar V. ...

• ABGAR THE KING & ADDAEUS THE APOSTLE .
• Extracts from Various Books Concerning Abgar the King and Addaeus the Apostle .
• From his teaching which he gave in Edessa before Abgar the King and the assembly of the city. ...
• 4 For He is the Son of a King, and goeth to receive a kingdom, and He will return and come and make a resuscitation to life of all men. ...
• Addaeus5 preached at Edessa and in Mesopotamia (he was from Paneus6 ) in the days of Abgar the king. And, when he was among the Zophenians, Severus the son of Abgar sent and slew him at Agel Hasna, as also a young man his disciple. ...
• And while they were deliberating, lo! letters came from Abgar, the king of the city of Edessa, to Sabina the procurator11 who had been appointed by Tiberius the emperor, and as far as the river Euphrates the procurator Sabina had authority. And, because Addaeus the apostle, one of the seventy-two apostles, had gone down and built a church at Edessa, and had cured the disease with which Abgar the king was afflicted-for Abgar the king loved Jesus Christ, and was constantly inquiring about Him; and, when Christ was put to death and Abgar the king heard that the Jews had slain Him on the cross, he was much displeased; and Abgar arose and rode and came as far as the river Euphrates, because he wished to go up against Jerusalem and lay it waste; and, when Abgar came and was arrived at the river Euphrates, he deliberated in his mind: If I pass over, there will be enmity between me and Tiberius the emperor. And Abgar wrote letters and sent them to Sabina the procurator, and Sabina sent them to Tiberius the emperor. In this manner did Abgar write to Tiberius the emperor:- .
• "From Abgar, the king of the city of Edessa. ...
• For the king was become a labourer for the church, and was building it. ...
• And King Abgar laid aside his diadem and builded with him. ...
• When apostle and king concurred the one with the other, .

• Wael (Parthian client king).
• Abgar VIII, the Great.
• Abgar VIII, the Great (179 - 214 AD).
• Reverse: Bearded bust of Abgar right, wearing diademed tiara decorated with cross. ...
• Abgar VIII, the Great (179 - 214 AD).
• Reverse: Bearded bust of Abgar right, wearing diademed tiara. ...
• Abgar VIII, the Great (179 - 214 AD).
• Obverse: Bearded bust of Abgar right, wearing diademed tiara. ...
• Abgar IX, Severus.
• Abgar X.
• Abgar X (242 - 244 AD).
• Reverse: Bearded bust of Abgar right, wearing diademed tiara; star behind. ...
• and was conquered (and perhaps completely destroyed) by the Sasanian king Shapur I in 241 A. ...

• in Religious Studies (Vanderbilt University) of which the title of the thesis will be: Prelude to Constantine: King Abgar of Edessa. ...

• In 30 ad , King Abgar of Edessa, a city 400 miles north of Jerusalem, had heard of the miraculous power of Jesus, the King suffering from an ailment sent word to Jesus that he would like to meet Him, word was sent to the King that Jesus could not meet him at that time but he would send a disciple at a latter date.
• Historian Eusebius wrote that a cloth bearing the image of Jesus was taken to the King after the death of Jesus, the King was healed and in gratitude the Abgar hung a replica of the image of Jesus over the city gate with these words, "Christ the God, he who hopes in you is never disappointed",The news and fame of this image bearing cloth spread far and wide because of Edessa being a major trade route between the far east and the Roman empire.
• After the death of King Abgar, a pagan king came to power and persecuted the Christians, the cloth was hidden in the walls of the city. ...
• Umberto II of Savoy, who was deposed as the king of Italy in 1946, died in 1986 and bequeathed the Shroud to John Paul II and his successors, thus ending over four centuries of control of the Shroud by the House of Savoy. ...
• King Agbar coin.

• King Abgar of Edessa who was ill with leprosy, sent his archivist Ananias to Christ. ... The towel cured the king the very moment he touched it, but his face remained still injured. ... Apostle Thaddeus, one of the seventy, went to Edessa and completed the curing of Abgar and converted him.

•        Husband:         Mannos VI (King) of OSRHOENE .
•  Children:         Awde (Princess) of OSRHOENE   ;   King Abgar VII ___________________________________________________  /-- Izates II (King) of ADIABENE /  -- (NN; Princess) of ADIABENE \   /-- Galida   +====> 4 |  /-- Hiempsal II of NUMIDIA  (? - 60 BC) |  /-- Juba I of NUMIDIA  (? - 46 BC) | /-- Juba II (King) of MAURETANIA  (? - 23) \-- poss. ...
• (NN)   ;   Tiridates II (King) of ARMENIA .

• The king, whose name was Abgar, the son of Ma'nu, built himself a high palace on a rock outside the city to the south and stayed there in the winter. He also rebuilt the palace inside the wall, around the springs at the foot of that same high rock, as the summer residence of the king. ...
• The bishop who was her guide told the gullible pilgrim that the Persians had diverted the river in order to reduce the city by depriving the inhabitants of water; but that God caused springs to be opened within the city-walls, inside the palace of King Abgar, and dried up the river, so that the Persians themselves were driven away by thirst. ...
• So did the holy man, a monk and confessor tell a lie? Not just one, but several! Since the annals of the city, as far as we know them from the Chronicle of Edessa, were largely taken up, from the early IVth century onwards, with the affairs of the bishops, Egeria's guide, who was the bishop of Edessa, must have known that the high palace on the rock was built after the palace on the springs, but he told Egeria that Abgar's first palace "was on high ground, like most palaces in those days", a phrase which betrays the glib tongue of a none-too-scrupulous cicerone. He must also have known from the annals that the Tomb of Abgar, which he showed Egeria, was not yet made in the time of Abgar the Black ("In the year 400 AD 88-89 King Abgar Abgar VI bar Ma'nu reigned from 71-91 built a nafsho that is, a tomb-tower for himself": Chronicle of 540; described as the mausoleum of the House of Aryo in the Teaching of Addai), yet he told her that it was his. He probably knew, or guessed, that the marble busts of Abgar and of his son, Ma'nu, were of the Severan period, shortly after AD 200, not of the Ist century, as Egeria was told (they were probably sculpted in Rome during Abgar VIII's sojourn in that city, which is recorded by Dio Chrysostom and echoed by Procopius, though the latter projects it back to the time of Augustus).
• The bishop certainly knew that the original text of Jesus' letter to Abgar the Black, as quoted by Eusebius from the annals of Edessa, contained no promise that Edessa would be impregnable to its enemies, yet he included this promise in the translation he gave to Egeria. ...
• After the Eucharist, then, the bishop, a successor to the apostles and, like them, "a fisher of men", took the pilgrim from the cathedral to the nearby palace of the king and gave her a breakfast of fishes from the pools created by the springs within that palace. ...
• He then went out of the palace, showing her the busts of the king and his son and no doubt suggesting to her (inspired by the Acts of Judas Thomas and by Ephraims madroshe on the pearl) the pearl-like sheen which she ascribes to the marble, and crossed by a bridge the very river which he would later tell her had been dried up for ever by a miracle. He even drew her attention to this river and to the abundance of its water and made her believe that all this water came out of the miraculous springs in Abgar's palace. ...
• Far away to the south they could see the Palace Rock and, below it, the greenery which grew around the springs in the palace gardens of King Abgar. ... To the south was the Gate of the Sun-Temple (now the Harran Gate), where King Abgar had held up Jesus' letter as a talisman against the besiegers.
• From the wording of the story we can see that it was told from a vantage-point at which everything could be seen: "the small hill you see up there", from which the city had its water; "the springs you can see over there"; the dry channel, which "is like that today, as you can see, for since then there has never been any water running in it"; Abgar's palace, which, "as you can see, had been on high ground". ...
• So, whether they went back the way they had come, or (more probably) walked along the battlements, he took her to the Southgate, where he read her the letters of Abgar and of Jesus, including the fraudulent passage containing the promise that Edessa would be impregnable to her enemies, the promise which gave point to the whole story of the Persian siege. They then went around, outside the city walls, and Egeria and her interpreter were shown the Tomb-Tower of Abgar and his family. Egeria writes, "The holy bishop also showed us the tomb é and he took us up to Abgar's first palace (the one on the Palace Rock, according to the bishop), and showed us all the other things there were to see. ...

•  Bar Manu   History   Culture   Christianity   Syriac Text   Abgar & Jesus   Wise Men  .
• King Abgar's Letter to Jesus Christ.
• in which the following was written:  Abgar Ukomo to Jesus. ...
• The Reply of Jesus Christ to King Abgar.
• King Abgar (V) Ukomo, receiving the Mandilo from his messenger Hanania.   Hanania an artist while was trying to paint the portrait of Jesus, was interrupted by Jesus, who wiped his face with the canvas, transferring his image to it, and told Hanania to take it to his king.
• Letters of Abgar & Jesus (in Syriac).
• Egarthe D' Malko Abgar Wu D'Yeshu Mshiho.

• It begins with the story of the letter of King Abgar to Christ and the reply of the latter, with some variations from the account drawn by Eusebius (Hist. ... After the Ascension Judas Thomas sent Addai, one of the seventy-two disciples, to Abgar. Addai (Thaddeus in Eusebius) healed the king of his sickness, and preached before him, relating the discovery of the True Cross by Protonice, wife of the Emperor Claudius; this, with all that follows, is later than Eusebius, being founded on the story of St. ... King Abgar induces the Emperor Tiberius to chastise the Jews for having crucified the Saviour. ... He was buried in the sepulchre of the king's ancestors. Many years after his death, Aggai, who ordained holy priests for the country, was martyred as he taught in the church by a rebellious son of Abgar. ...
• The first Christian King of Edessa was in reality Abgar IX (179-214) who was converted soon after 201, and this date tallies with that of Palut. ... An early date for the Abgar legend is sometimes based upon the promise in the message of Christ: "Thy city shall be blessed, and no enemy shall again become master of it forever. ...
• An Armenian version and (separately) a French translation, by the Mechitarist Father Leo Alishan, "Laboubnia, Lettre d'Abgar" (Venice, 1868). ...
• The literature of the subject (including the Abgar legend, the Finding of the Cross, the Greek legend in the Acta Thadd i, and the origins of the Church of Edessa) is very large. The following works may be specially mentioned: LIPSIUS, Die edessenische Abgarsage kritisch untersucht (Brunswick, 1880); TIXERONT, Les origines de l'Eglise d'Edesse et la l gende d'Abgar (Paris, 1888); MARTIN, Les origines de l'Eglise d'Edesse et des glises syriennes (extr. ... Abgar. ...

• f) The Text of the Gospels is followed by “The Epistle of King Avgaros (Abgar) written towards Our Lord, Jesus Christ. ...
• This was written in Kalipos, Laura of the holy Mother of God, during the kingship of Constantin Monomach, the patriarchate of Peter in Antioch and as the Novelisimos King Bagrat of the Apkhasians was visiting metropolis (Constatinople). ...
• f) “Jesus Christ, ruler of all eternity, glorify in spirit Svimeon the Priest, who glorifies you, and without shame deem him worthy to see your eternaly immortal vision, as the King Avgaros (Abgar), amen (in asomtavruli, 323v).
• g) “May God glorify mighty and invincible Bagrat, King of Apkhazians and Kartvelians and Novelisimos of all the Orient, who has brought from Constantinople Ivane Proedros, son of Liparit eristvt-eristavi Proedros and Protoarchon and he arrived in Kackhi, the monastery of {his family} on 11th of April, on the day of Antipascha, may their glory in God be perfect for eternity.
• d) “ monk only by vocation, but in reality???? of the priesthood, I, Master Zebede, was deemed worthy to acquire the trasury of this monastery at the time, when the wicked enemy Shah-Abas destroyed Kartli, the family of King Svimeon and King Luarsab and the Queen, their mother, Patron Thamar killed in captivity. ... In this life he {Shah-Abas} destroyed Kakheti and tormented till death the great martyr of Christ, the Kings’ daughter, the holy Queen, Patron Ketevan, mother of Theimuraz, who hoped only in King of the Light, Christ, who was patient and follower of the first God-loving kings.
• At the same time to help King Theimuraz when the son of blessed Manuchar Dadiani, born by the Sun of the Kings, King of Kakheti, Patron of Kakheti daughter of the Queen Nestan-Darejan. Great Patron Leon and his uncle, Giorgi, Lord of Liparitiani, because I was the Master of his grave, we reached Geguthi, Imereti, during the kigship of King Giorgi. ...
• Bagrat, King of Apkhazians and Georgians, (1054); Qaikhosro Amirspasalari; King Svimeon (1556-1600); King Luarsab (1527-1556); Queen Thamar; King Theimuraz (1606- ); Queen Ketevan(1624); Giorgi, King of Imereti; Shah-Abas (1541-1553); Constantine Monomachos (1042-1055); Peter, Patriarchos of Antioch.
• The Gospels of Alaverdi is copyed near Antioch on the Black Mountain (where Georgians have established the strong cultural-educational center), in the monastery of the Mother of God in Kalipos, during the kingship of Constatine Monomachos and King Bagrat IV. ... It is dated on the basis of the following sentece of one of the colophons: “It was written during the kingship of Bagrat Novelisimos, King of Apkhazians”. ...
• In the manuscript after the Gospels there is placed the illuminated text of the “Epistle of King Avgaroz”, written in asomtavruli with the golden ink. ...
• Skhirtladze, Canonizing the Apocrypha: The Abgar Cycle in the Alaverdi and Gelati Gospels.

• Some 50 years later, the king Tigranes the First in alliance with Cyrus the Great, founder of Achaemenid dynasty conquered the lands controlled by the Medes and reinforced the Armenian kingdom. ...
• Brother-in-law and true ally of Mithridates the Great, the glorious King of Pontus, he struggled together with his formidable relative against the Roman dominance. ...
• Marcus Antonius captured the Armenian King, shackled him and took to Egypt as a present to Cleopatre. ...
• Abgar and the First Baptism.
• Under the ruling of the aged Abgar, nephew of Tigranes the Great, the whole territory of Armenia was subdued to Rome. ...
• Later, Abgar, planning to revolt against the Roman tyranny, settled in Mesopotamia and founded the city of Edessa. ... That is why the Armenian sources designate him as King of Armenia while some Greek and Roman sources mention Abgar, ruler of Edessa. When Abgar heard about the miracles Jesus Christ was performing in Galilee, he was already ailing, in his declining years. ... Abgar asked the Savior to heal him and invited Him to Edessa.
• Following the Armenian tradition, Abgar's messengers met Jesus in Jerusalem. Jesus would not accept the offer to visit Edessa, but wrote a response to Abgar's request. ... According to Moses of Khorene, Abgar and all inhabitants of his city were baptized. ...

• " The kings soon became dependants of the Parthians; their names are mostly Arabic (Bekr, Abgar, Ma'nu), but among them occur some Iranian (Parthian) names, as Pacorus and Phratamaspates. ... King Abgar IX. ... His conversion has by the legend been transferred to his ancestor Abgar V. in the time of Christ himself, with whom he is said to have exchanged letters and who sent him his miraculous image, which afterwards was fixed over the principal gate of the city (see ABGAR; Lipsius, Die edesse-nische Abgarsage (1880); Dobschiitz, Christusbilder (1896)). ...
• The form Osroes is generally used for a Parthian king who from his coins appears to have reigned from about A. ... But during all this time another king, Vologaeses II. ... But after the death of Trajan (117) Hadrian acknowledged Osroes and made Parthamaspates king of Edessa (Osroene); he also gave back to Osroes his daughter who had been taken prisoner by Trajan (Dio Cass. ...

•                      Vologaeses I , king of Parthia, king of Armenia 116-136 / 137, born 95, died circa 136 / 137.
•                      Sanatroukes Sanatrouk , king of Armenia circa 80 – circa 110, born 4-65, died circa 110.
•                      Mithridates Mithridata , king of Armenia circa 72 – 76, born circa 45, died circa 76, married:.
•                      Vologaeses I Vologases, Valagash , (great-)king of Parthia 51 to 76/77, born 25, died 76 / 77.
•                    Mannos VI, king of Osrhoene 57-71, born 15, died 71, married:.
•                    Vonones II Ouhounm , king of Media Atropatene 11-51, great-king of the Parthians 12-51, born 10, died 51.
•                    Abgar V Oukhama, king of Osrhoene –4 to 7 and 13-50, born –25, died 50, married:.
•                    Orodes III, king of Parthia 4-7, married:.
•                    Mannos III Safalou, king of Osrhoene –23 to -4.
•                    Phraates IV, king of Parthia –39 to –2.
•                    Orodes I Artavazd , king of Media Atropatene 56–31, king of Parthia –57 to –39, married:.
•                 Antiochus I Theos Dikaios, king of Commagene circa –70/-69 to –36/-39, born –100, died –36, married:.
•                 Mithridates I Callinicus, king of Commagene circa 96–70, married:.
•                 Samus I Theosebes Dikaios, king of Commagene 103–96, born –165, died –96, married:.
•                 Antiochus VIII Philometor Philometer , great-king of Syria 125–96, born circa –143, died –96, married:.
•               Ptolemaeus I, king of Commagene.

• Septimius Severus AE16_BMC_35Septimius Severus & Abgar VIII Æ 16mm of Edessa. Laureate head of Severus right / Draped and diademed bust right of Abgar VIII, wearing tiara. ...
• - AE23_BMC_14Septimius Severus & Abgar VIII Æ 23mm of Edessa, Mesopotamia. Laureate head of Severus right / draped and diademed bust right of Abgar VIII, holding scepter.
• Gordian III and Abgar X. ... Laureate bust right / Bust of Abgar right, wearing tiara. ...
• Laureate bust right, star to right in field / King Abgar in Tiara. ...
• - AE25_BMC_158The Kingdom of Edessa, Abgar X, 242-243 AD. ... , star before / Draped bust of Abgar right, bearded, wearing a diadedemed tiara, star behind.
• - AE33_BMC_136Gordian III & Abgar X Phraates Æ 33mm of Edessa, Mesopotamia. Laureate bust right / Gordian seated right, receiving Nike from Abgar standing left.
• - AE35_BMC_136Gordian III & Abgar X Æ 35mm of Edessa in Mesopotamia. Laureate, and draped bust right / Gordian seated on curule chair, holding sceptre, receiving Nike from Abgar. ...

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