The Signature Of God The Early Church (Penguin History of the Church, 1) Dictionary of the Bible Century Of The Holy Spirit 100 Years Of Pentecostal And Charismatic Renewal, 1901-2001 From the Holy Mountain : A Journey among the Christians of the Middle East New Testament Introduction The Timetables of History : A Horizontal Linkage of People and Events (The New Third Revised Edition) The Solace of Fierce Landscapes: Exploring Desert and Mountain Spirituality The Faith : A History of Christianity

• It is true that the assistance of the Bishop at the altar was the duty of the male deacon, rather than that of the woman deacon. ...
• Not only was a woman deacon ordained in the sanctuary itself, we know from ancient texts that during the solemn liturgy women deacons, as well as the priests and deacons, surrounded the Bishop during the offering of the Eucharist ‘inside the veil of the sanctuary’ (see Testament of Our Lord Jesus Christ (late 4th cent. ...
• From records in the Syrian Church, we know that, with permission of the Bishop, women deacons could fulfil the functions of a male deacon at the altar. “With permission of the bishop, the deaconess may pour wine and water into the chalice. ...
• “ (James of Edessa, Canonical Resolutions, § 24; the same rule is also found in the Jacobite Pontifical and in the Nomocanon of Bar-Hebraeus). ...
• AD) states that widows, among which deaconesses take the pride of place (I, § 40), sit next to the Bishop during the liturgical service (I, § 19). ...
• After clearly stating that women deacons have no duties at the altar, and should not touch the altar (notice the fear of pollution through menstruation!!), James of Edessa (end of the 6th cent. ... (James of Edessa, Canonical Resolutions, § 24). ...

• Lt-Antiq 2003: July Segal, Edessa, mid-C5 .
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• Segal, in his very useful 1970 book on Edessa, recounts on p. 103 a narrative concerning the son of the bishop Sophronius, who struck up a friendship with a Jew called Hesychius c. ...
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• KAROL WOJTYLA, the future Pope John Paul II, Titular Bishop of Ombi and Auxiliary Bishop of Kraków. Consecrated 28 September 1958 in the Metropolitan Cathedral, Kraków, by Eugeniusz Baziak, Archbishop of Lwów of the Latins and Apostolic Administrator of Kraków, assisted by Boleslaw Kominek, Titular Archbishop of Euchaita and Franciszek Jop, Titular Bishop of Daulia. ...
• EUGENIUSZ BAZIAK, Titular Bishop of Phocea and Auxiliary Bishop of Lwów of the Latins. Consecrated 5 November 1933 in the Metropolitan Cathedral, Lwów, by Boleslaw Twardowski, Archbishop of Lwów of the Latins, assisted by Franciszek Lisowski, Bishop of Tarnow and Edward Komar, Titular Bishop of Alinda and Auxiliary of Tarnow. ...
• BOLESLAW TWARDOWSKI, Titular Bishop of Telmissus and Auxiliary of Lwów of the Latins. Consecrated 12 January 1919 in the Metropolitan Cathedral, Lwów, by Jozef Bilczewski, Archbishop of Lwów of the Latins, assisted by Leo Walega, Bishop of Tarnow and Karol Jozef Fischer, Titular Bishop of Mallo and Auxiliary of Przemysl of the Latins. ...
• Consecrated 20 January 1901 in the Metropolitan Cathedral, Lwów, by Jan Maurycy Pawel Puzyna de Kozielsko, Bishop of Kraków, assisted by Andrij Szeptyckyj, Archbishop of Lviv of the Ukrainians and Jozef Pelczar, Bishop of Przemysl of the Latins. ...
• JAN MAURYCY PAWEL PUZYNA de KOZIELSKO, Titular Bishop of Memphis and Auxiliary of Lwów of the Latins. ...
• Domenico e Sisto, Rome, by Chiarissimo Cardinal Falconieri Mellini, Archbishop of Ravenna, assisted by Ignazio Giovanni Cadolini, Titular Archbishop of Edessa and Fabio Maria Asquini, Titular Archbishop of Tarsus. ...
• Consecrated 15 August 1826 in the Church of Santa Maria degli Angeli, Rome, by His Holiness Pope Leo XII, assisted by Filippo Filonardi, Archbishop of Ferrara and Giuseppe Perugini, Titular Bishop of Porphyreon. ...
• Consecrated 24 February 1794 in the Cathedral, Frascati, by Henry Cardinal Stuart, Duke of York, Bishop of Frascati, assisted by Antonio Felice Zondadari, Titular Archbishop of Adana and Ottavio Boni, Titular Archbishop of Nazianzus. ...
• Consecrated 19 November 1758 in the Basilica of the Twelve Holy Apostles, Rome, by His Holiness Pope Clement XIII, assisted by Giovanni Antonio Cardinal Guadagni, Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina and Francesco Cardinal Borghese, Bishop of Albano. ...
• CARLO REZZONICO, Cardinal Bishop of Padova, the future Pope Clement XIII. Consecrated 19 March 1743 in the Basilica of the Twelve Holy Apostles, Rome, by His Holiness Pope Benedict XIV, assisted by Giuseppe Cardinal Accoramboni, Bishop of Frascati and Antonio Saverio Cardinal Gentili. ...
• Domenico e Sisto, Rome, by Paluzzo (Paluzzo degli Albertoni) Cardinal Altieri, Prefect of the Sacred Congregation de Propaganda Fide, assisted by Stefano Brancaccio, Archbishop-Bishop of Viterbo e Tuscania and Costanzo Zani, O. ... , Bishop of Imola. ...

• Rabbulas (or Rabbula) was bishop of Edessa (411 - 435). ... However, his successor Ibas, who was in charge of the school of Edessa, reversed the official stance of that bishopric. ...
• FC Burkitt proposed the theory that Rabbulas was responsible for the Peshitta, the Syriac translation of the Bible, based on a life of the bishop written around AD 450. ... However, since then Arthur Vöörbus (Investigations into the Text of the New Testament used by Rabbula of Edessa Pinneburg, 1947 ) has furnished evidence that the Peshitta was older than Rabbulas' time. ...

• Also known as Barses of Edessa Memorial 30 January Profile Evangelizing bishop of Edessa, Syria. ...

• Hieromartyr Pancratios, Bishop of Taoromina in Sicily (1st C) Hieromartyr Cyril, Bishop of Gortyna in Crete (3rd-4th C) Monkmartyrs Patermuthios and Coprius, and Alexander the Soldier in Egypt (4th C) Venerable Patermuphios and Coprius, Ascetics in Egypt (4th C) Saint Theodore, Bishop of Edessa, and those with him (9th C) Venerable Dionysius the Orator of St Anne Skete on Mt Athos (+ 1606) Venerable Metrophanes, disciple of Venerable Dionysius Martyrs Andrew and Probus.

• ::Bishop's Message:: Edessa Reception, decorated and ready for a private function.
• Edessa Hall was officially opened in 1999, by His Grace Bishop Mar Meelis Zaia and .
• Edessa Hall generates monetary profits for the Church, expended towards the building of .
• Edessa Hall is also legally permitted to cater for functions outside of the Hall.
• One of many decorated wedding cakes, provided by Edessa.

• Ibas, bishop of Edessa (435 - 457), although he repeated anathematized Nestorius, indirectly promoted Nestorian Christianity by founding a school in Edessa where the works of Theodore of Mopsuestia, Diodorus of Tarsus, Theodoret, and Nestorius were read and taught. ... The ecclesiastical superior of the whole was the Bishop of Ctesiphon, who had assumed the rank of Catholicos. At the time of the arrival of the Nestorian professors from Edessa, the prelate was Babaeus or Babowai (457 - 484), who appears to have received them with open arms. But Barsauma, having become Bishop of Nisibis, the nearest important city to Edessa, broke with the weak Catholicos, whom he had deposed at a synod in April, 484. ... The Bishop of Nisibis was at all events in high favor with King Peroz, whom Barsauma persuaded that it would be a good thing for the Persian kingdom if the Christians in it were all of a different belief from those of the Empire. ...
• Peroz died soon after having murdered Babowai, and the energetic Bishop of Nisibis had evidently less to hope from his successor, Balash. ... Barsauma opened a school at Nisibis, which became more famous than its parent at Edessa. ...

• They came from the city of Edessa. ... Sarvelos was many times reproached and catechised by Varsimaeos the Bishop of Edessa but he did not change. ... When Bishop Varsimaeos saw him, he reproached him again and accused him that he was the cause of many people's perdition. Sarvelos heard him, was moved by the grace of Christ, was convinced by the Bishop's words and he believed in Christ together with his sister Vevaea. So, they were both baptised by that same Bishop who catechised Sarvelos for a second time. ... Then, having become himself poor, he stayed with Bishop Varsimaeos.
• Varsimaeos was the bishop of Edessa and the cause of the spiritual salvation of Sarvelos and his sister Vevaea, whom he guided to the faith of Christ and baptised. Because of this he was accused to Lysias the governor of Edessa. ... So, Bishop Varsimaeos was delivered from prison and returned to his diocese.
• John ordained him Bishop for Nicomidia in Bithinia. ...

• In the time that our Lord was preaching the Gospel and healing every disease and every infirmity among the people, there was in the city of Edessa, on the banks of the Euphrates, a certain Prince Avgar, who was riddled with leprosy. He heard of Christ, the Healer of every pain and sickness, and sent a portrait-painter, Ananias, to Palestine with a letter to Christ, in which he begged the Lord to come to Edessa and heal him of his leprosy. ... Later, one of Avgar's great-grandsons restored idolatry, and the Bishop of Edessa came by night and walled-in the icon above the gateway. ... In the time of the Emperor Justinian, the Persian King, Chozroes, attacked Edessa, and the city was in great affliction. The Bishop of Edessa, Eulabius, had a vision of the most holy Mother of God, who revealed to him the secret of the icon, walledin and forgotten. ...

• Servatius (+384): bishop of Tongeren, one of the first Christian leaders in the Low Countries. ...
• Servatius was the first bishop of Tongeren, the capital of the Tungri in the east of what is now called Belgium. ... For example, he gave juridical powers to the leader of a Christian community in a town, the bishop. Moreover, he gave fiscal privileges to the funds of Christian charity, for which the bishop was responsible. From now on, a wealthy man could show that he cared for his community by becoming bishop, and many members of the Roman elite converted. ...
• The first known bishop in the Low Countries is Maternus of Cologne, who attended the Synod of Arles in 313. ... This piece of information is a bit problematic, because a bishop needed to possess land near the town where he resided. ...
• Edessa .
• The bishop of Tongeren had to explain that Constans had behaved like a tyrant and had suppressed the population with high taxes. ... He met Constantius in Edessa in Syria (after a trip of 5,000 kilometers), but was unable to appease Constantius. ...
• We do not know why Magnentius sent Servatius as an envoy, but it suggests that the bishop belonged to the inner circle of the usurper. ...
• From now on, Maastricht was to be the seat of a bishop. ...
• An explanation has been offered by bishop Gregory of Tours, who wrote, two centuries after the death of Servatius, that a bishop of Tongeren named Aravatius had been ordered by Saint Peter to leave Tongeren and settle in Maastricht. ...
• If we want to accept Gregory's story, we must assume that he made no less than three errors, and although the saintly bishop of Tours is quite capable of mistakes, this is a bit too much. The idea that Servatius moved the bishop's seat to Maastricht after a quarrel is insupportable. ...
• So we are left with a bishop of Tongeren who played a role of some importance in the Roman empire and built a church in his hometown. ...

• Encyclopedia: Edessa.
• Edessa is the historical name of a town in northern Mesopotamia. ...
• The name under which Edessa figures in cuneiform inscriptions is unknown; the native name was Osroe, after its purported founder (who was probably only legend), this being the Armenian form for Chosroes; it became in Syriac Ourhoï, in Armenian Ourhaï in Arabic Er Roha, commonly Orfa or Sanli Urfa, its present name. Seleucus I Nicator, when he refounded the town as a military colony, 303 BC, called it Edessa, in memory of the ancient capital of Macedon of similar name (now Vodena). ...
• On the foundation of the Kingdom of Osroene, Edessa became the capital under the Abgar dynasty. ... Following its capture and sack by Trajan, the Romans even occupied Edessa from 116 to 118, although its sympathies towards the Parthians led to Lucius Verus pillaging the city later in the second century. ...
• , IV, viii), Edessa was taken in 609 by the Persians, soon retaken by Heraclius, but lost to the Arabs in 638. The Byzantines often tried to retake Edessa, especially under Romanus Lacapenus, who obtained from the inhabitants the "Holy Mandylion", or ancient portrait of Christ, and solemnly transferred it to Constantinople, August 16, 944. ... For an account of this venerable and famous image, which was certainly at Edessa in 544, and of which there is an ancient copy in the Vatican Library, brought to the West by the Venetians in 1207, see Weisliebersdorf, Christus und Apostelbilder (Freiburg, 1902), and Dobschütz, Christusbilder (Leipzig, 1899). ...
• In 1031 Edessa was given up to the Byzantines by its Arab governor. It was retaken by the Arabs, and then successivelly held by the Greeks, the Seljuk Turks (1087), the Crusaders (1099), who established there the County of Edessa and kept the city until 1144, when it was again captured by the Turk Zengui, and most of its inhabitants were slaughtered together with the Latin archbishop. These events are known to us chiefly through the Armenian historian Matthew, who had been born at Edessa. ...
• The exact date of the introduction of Christianity into Edessa is not known. ... In fact, however, the first King of Edessa to embrace the Christian Faith was Abgar IX (c. ... , IV, xiii), but a missionary from Palestine who evangelized Mesopotamia about the middle of the second century, and became the first bishop of Edessa. ... Rabbulas, Bishop of Edessa (412-435), forbade its use. Among the illustrious disciples of the School of Edessa special mention is due to Bardesanes (154 - 222), a schoolfellow of Abgar IX, the originator of Christian religious poetry, whose teaching was continued by his son Harmonius and his disciples. ...

• Born wealthy near Edessa, Syria. ...
• After a decade of this life, the bishop of Edessa ordered him from his cell. Against Abraham's wishes, the bishop ordained him, and sent him as a missionary priest to the intransigently pagan village of Beth-Kiduna. ...
• Once a niece, Saint Mary of Edessa, was living a wild and misspent life. ...
• 296 at Edessa, Mesopotamia .

• In the meantime the king contracted leprosy, but the king's sister told him that if he released Gregory(a bishop-missionary from Cappadocia), that he might be healed. ...
• An Armenian bishop in Sebaste, St. ...
• In 303 the famous Bishop James was consecrated for quite another church at Nisibis, then within the Roman Empire. ... When this town was conquered by the Persians Bishop James moved his whole diocese west to Edessa under Roman rule and influence of Antioch. As far as we know Bishop James was thoroughly orthodox in his theology, attended the Council of Nicaea and remained bishop till he died in 338. ...
• About a hundred years later, however, Edessa became associated somehow with the same theology which produced Nestorius, and for this the Christians in Edessa were persecuted by the Roman army, and so they moved back to Nisibis again under the safety of the Persian government! .
• Because near the first third of the fourth century Athanasius will consecrate Frumentius as a bishop for Ethiopia, we think of that time as the beginning of Christianity there, but the Christian faith preceded the time when they had bishops as we know them. ...
• In any event it would be in the fourth century, that from all places, the well-traveled and scholarly translator of Eastern theology for the West, a priest of far away Aquilea, Rufinus, would give to the Christian world, and back to the Ethiopian themselves, the story of Frumentius's  captivity by the Ethiopians and his introduction to them of Christianity even before he was bishop. ...

• Edessa.
•   Edessa 3000 years of history & culture.
• The name Edessa is related to the ancient Phrygian and means tower in the water or town on the water. ...
• Edessa. ...
•  Stages in the history of Edessa.
• The settling of the Macedonians -Hellenic civilization -  the use of the name Edessa (derived from Fed- which is also a lingual type of hyd-(issa) which is derived from the word hydor(=water) and means watertown. ... Edessa becomes the capital city of Macedonian State.
• Edessa is built on two levels - The Acropolis (the persent place) and the main town (place "Loggos").
• The conquest by the Romans - The via Egnatia passes through Edessa.
• Edessa belongs to the region of 'Macedonia the first' as part of the eastern Roman Empire (afterwards the byzantine empire).
• The first well-known bishop Isidoros of Edessa takes part in the ecumenical synod and signs as the bishop of the town of Edessa.
• Edessa is mentioned in the writings of Constantinos VII as an area of the byzantine empire.
• The bulgarian occupies Edessa and it becomes the seat of his temporary state and the bulgarian residence. ...
• The beginning of the use, name "Vodena" instead of Edessa (Slavic word for water=voda which means watertown. ...
• The emperor Vasilios II "the bulgar stayer" liberates Edessa and set ups byzantine garissons in the town while he sends the bulgarians to exil.
• The episcopate of Ochrid is established to which Edessa is part of .

• Northcote Parkinson, British historian and writer * 1914 - B atrix Beck, writer * 1929 - Werner TŸbke, painter * 1930 - Thomas Sowell, economist * 1934 - Bud Selig, baseball team owner and commissioner * 1936 - Buddy Guy, guitarist, singer * 1939 - Peter Bogdanovich, film director * 1941 - Paul Anka, singer and composer * 1945 - David Sanborn, musician, Grammy Award winner * 1947 - Arnold Schwarzenegger, actor * 1948 - Jean Reno, actor * 1956 - Delta Burke, actress * 1956 - Anita Hill, American law professor, author * 1958 - Kate Bush, singer * 1961 - Laurence Fishburne, actor * 1974 - Hilary Swank, Academy Award winning actress Deaths * 578 - Jacob Baradaeus, bishop of Edessa * 1771 - Thomas Gray, poet and letter-writer (* 1716) * 1898 - Otto von Bismarck, German chancellor * 1975 - James Blish, science fiction author * 1975 (date of disappearance) - Jimmy Hoffa, labor leader * 1983 - Lynn Fontanne, actress * 1996 - Claudette Colbert, actress (It Happened One Night) Holidays and observances * Vanuatu - Independence Day * International Bog Day .

• This process was facilitated by the fact that according to the earlier Syriac legend of the Saint, the "Man of God," of Edessa (identical with St. ... The night of his marriage he secretly left his father's house and journeyed to Edessa in the Syrian Orient where, for seventeen years, he led the life of a pious ascetic. As the fame of his sanctity grew, he left Edessa and returned to Rome, where, for seventeen years, he dwelt as a beggar under the stairs of his father's palace, unknown to his father or wife. ... The latter is in turn based on an earlier Syriac legend (referred to above), composed at Edessa between 450 and 475. Although in this latter document the name of Alexius is not mentioned, he is manifestly the same as the "Man of God" of whom this earlier Syriac legend relates that he lived in Edessa during the episcopate of Bishop Rabula (412-435) as a poor beggar, and solicited alms at the church door. ... After the Saint's death, the servant told this to the Bishop. ... Perhaps the only basis for the story is the fact that a certain pious ascetic at Edessa lived the life of a beggar and was later venerated as a saint. ...

• The Books of Samuel in the Syriac Version of Jacob of Edessa.
• An edition and annotated translation of a Syriac manuscript in the British Library, dated 719 AD and containing the Books of Samuel in the version of the Syrian Orthodox scholar Jacob, bishop of Edessa (c. ...
• Jacob of Edessa's bible version provides an insight into attitudes to the biblical text among Christians in the Near East in the early Islamic period.

• At Edessa, capital of the principality of Osrhoëne (in eastern Syria), and western Mesopotamia neither Latin nor Greek was understood. ... The political fortunes of Edessa present a remarkable contrast to those of other centers of Christianity. Until 216 CE in the reign of the Emperor Caracalla, Edessa lay outside the Roman Empire. ... Since its people did not speak Greek, like their neighboring Syrians in Antioch, it is not surprising that the Christianity of Edessa began to develop independently, without the admixture of Greek philosophy and Roman methods of government that at an early date modified primitive Christianity in the West and transformed it into the amalgam known as Catholicism. ...
• His influence at Edessa must have been considerable, for he succeeded in getting his book read in the churches there, and afterwards its use spread throughout the region. ...
• Because of Tatian's reputation as a heretic, however, a reaction set in against the use of his Diatesseron, and Bishop Rabbula of Edessa (d. ... Theodoret, who became bishop of Cyrrhus on the Euphrates in upper Syria in 423, sought out and found more than 200 copies of the Diatesseron, which he 'collected and put away, and introduced instead of them the Gospels of the four evangelists'. ...

• Ibas, bishop of Edessa (435 - 457), although he repeated anathematized Nestorius, indirectly promoted Nestorian Christianity by founding a school in Edessa where the works of Theodore of Mopsuestia, Diodorus of Tarsus, Theodoret, and Nestorius were read and taught. ... The ecclesiastical superior of the whole was the Bishop of Ctesiphon, who had assumed the rank of Catholicos. At the time of the arrival of the Nestorian professors from Edessa, the prelate was Babaeus or Babowai (457 - 484), who appears to have received them with open arms. But Barsauma, having become Bishop of Nisibis, the nearest important city to Edessa, broke with the weak Catholicos, whom he had deposed at a synod in April, 484. ... The Bishop of Nisibis was at all events in high favor with King Peroz, whom Barsauma persuaded that it would be a good thing for the Persian kingdom if the Christians in it were all of a different belief from those of the Empire.
• Peroz died soon after having murdered Babowai, and the energetic Bishop of Nisibis had evidently less to hope from his successor, Balash. ... Barsauma opened a school at Nisibis, which became more famous than its parent at Edessa. ...

• ANTE-NICENE FATHERS VOLUME VIII: Fathers of the Third and Fourth Centuries: Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs; Theodotus: Excerpts; Epistles Concerning Virginity; Pseudo-Clementine Literature; Apocrypha of the New Testament; Decretals; Memoirs of Edessa and Ancient Syriac Documents; Remains of the Second and Third Centuries .
• ANCIENT SYRIAC DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE EARLIEST ESTABLISHMENT OF CHRISTIANITY IN EDESSA AND THE NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES / A CANTICLE OF MAR JACOB THE TEACHER ON EDESSA .
• ANCIENT SYRIAC DOCUMENTS: THE TEACHING OF SIMON CEPHAS IN THE CITY OF ROME; ACTS OF SHARBIL, WHO WAS A PRIEST OF IDOLS, AND WAS CONVERTED TO THE CONFESSION OF CHRISTIANITY; THE MARTYRDOM OF BARSAMYA, BISHOP OF EDESSA .
• REMAINS OF THE SECOND AND THIRD CENTURIES: PART I (QUADRATUS, BISHOP OF ATHENS; ARISTO OF PELLA; MELITO, THE PHILOSOPHER) .
• REMAINS OF THE SECOND AND THIRD CENTURIES: PART II (HEGESIPPUS; DIONYSIUS, BISHOP OF CORINTH; RHODON; MAXIMUS, BISHOP OF JERUSALEM) .
• REMAINS OF THE SECOND AND THIRD CENTURIES: PART III (CLAUDIUS APOLLINARIS, BISHOP OF HIERAPOLIS, AND APOLOGIST; POLYCRATES, BISHOP OF EPHESUS; THEOPHILUS, BISHOP OF CAESAREA IN PALESTINE; SERAPION, BISHOP OF ANTIOCH; APOLLONIUS; PANTAENUS, THE ALEXANDRIAN PHILOSOPHER; PSEUDO-IRENAEUS) .

• Memorial 16 March Profile Born wealthy near Edessa, Syria. ... After a decade of this life, the bishop of Edessa ordered him from his cell. Against Abraham's wishes, the bishop ordained him, and sent him as a missionary priest to the intransigently pagan village of Beth-Kiduna. ... Once a niece, Saint Mary of Edessa, was living a wild and misspent life. ... 296 at Edessa, Mesopotamia Died c. ...

• Sophronius, Bishop of Constantina or Tella in Osrhoene, was a relative of Ibas, Bishop of Edessa, and apparently of the same theological tendency, i. ... He was present at a synod held at Antioch in 445 at which Athanasius, Bishop of Perrha, was deposed on charges of misconduct, the chief among which was that he had purloined some silver pillars belonging to the church. ... ) most extraordinary charges of magic and sorcery were brought against Bishop Sophronius. For some reason or other, perhaps because it was foreseen that the charges would break down, perhaps because he was not worth crushing in view of the more important personages being pursued, Sophronius's case was referred to the new Bishop of Edessa, when one should be appointed in place of Ibas whom the Conciliabulum had deposed. ... Sophronius, the most reverend bishop of Constantina, said 'anathema to Nestorius and Eutyches'". ...
• The bishop, they declared, practised astrology and other vaticinative arts of the pagans. ... After this they put the oil and water in a hole near the door, and the medium saw the bishop's son Habib who was returning home from Constantinople "seated on a black mare-mule that is blind-folded; and behind him two men on foot". ...

• Edessa.
• Originally designed only for the practical purpose of preparing converts for baptism, the catechetical school# was under the supervision of the bishop. ...
• 2nd or 3rd bishop of Antioch ~110 CE.
• 6th bishop ~180 CE.
• 7th bishop ~200 CE.
• Edessa, Syria (modern Urfa, Turkey).
• The Aramaic name, Urhai, was changed to Edessa when it was refounded as a military settlement in the 3rd century BCE. Freeing itself from imposed Hellenism, Edessa, as capital of the principality of Osroëne, was one of the main centers of Syrian culture; it figured prominently in the conflicts between Parthia and Rome. ...
• Christianity seems to have reached the Edessa and the Euphrates valley about the middle of the 2nd century, while the country was still an independent state. ... The political fortunes of Edessa present a remarkable contrast to those of other centers of Christianity. Until 216 CE in the reign of the Emperor Caracalla, Edessa lay outside the Roman Empire. Since its people did not speak Greek, like their neighboring Syrians in Antioch, it is not surprising that the Christianity of Edessa began to develop independently, without the admixture of Greek philosophy and Roman methods of government that at an early date modified primitive Christianity in the West and transformed it into the amalgam known as Catholicism. ...
• bishop, the first antipope ~200 - 235 CE.

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