The Signature Of God The Early Church (Penguin History of the Church, 1) Dictionary of the Bible Century Of The Holy Spirit 100 Years Of Pentecostal And Charismatic Renewal, 1901-2001 From the Holy Mountain : A Journey among the Christians of the Middle East New Testament Introduction The Timetables of History : A Horizontal Linkage of People and Events (The New Third Revised Edition) The Solace of Fierce Landscapes: Exploring Desert and Mountain Spirituality The Faith : A History of Christianity

• According to Eusebius of Caesarea, King Abgarus of Edessa wrote to Jesus in 30 AD, asking him to come cure him of an illness. Instead, the apostle Thaddaeus is said to have come, bearing a cloth with the image of Jesus (the "Image of Edessa", or Mandylion), at which time the king was miraculously healed. ...
• The cloth is said to have surfaced 525, during a flood of the Daisan, a tributary stream of the Euphrates, flooding the city of Edessa. ... In the course of the reconstruction work at Edessa, a cloth is discovered which had been hidden above one of the gates of the town. ... Evagrius Scholasticus mentioned in his Ecclesiastical History the image of Edessa as "created by God, and not produced by the hands of man". ... The Persian King Chosrau I Anuschirwan (the large one) besieges the Roman Edessa. ... The Mandylion disappeared again after the Persians conquered Edessa in 609 and the Arabs in 639. In 944 - for liberation of Muslim prisoners - it was taken from Edessa to Constantinople under the direction of the Byzantine emperor Romanus I , remaining there until the Crusaders sacked the city in 1204 and carried its treasures to western Europe.
• During these years, the Shroud was publicly exposed, even if not continuously, given that the bishop of Troyes prohibited this cult. ... In end of 1389, the bishop of Troyes asked for silence on the matter, in order to calm down the faithfuls' excitement. ...

• Bishop Neill is being charitable to Bishop Medleycott when he calls his India and the Apostle Thomas an imaginative romance built on slender foundations. Henry Love, in Vestiges of Old Madras, is even more forgiving when he writes, "Bishop Medleycott, who has sifted every shred of evidence on the subject, concludes that St. ...
• Bishop Medleycott is the godfather of Thomas-in-India scholarship in India, and even in his day he was accused of working under religious, political, linguistic, regional and racial influences. ... Thomas, Cranganore, is located, and was the first European missionary bishop to be appointed by Rome to rule over the local Syrian Christian community. ...
• They had been brought to Ortona from Edessa by way of Chios in Greece.
• But Bishop Medleycott's victory went further. ...
• According to the 4th century Ecclesiastical History of Bishop Eusebius of Caesarea, he evangelized Parthia (modern Khorasan). ...
• Yet Bishop Medleycott with his papal mandate and imperial urges, is not the last word on St. ...
• 14 The later Edessene tradition is a case of Edessa glorifying an apostle they considered their own—Thomas had visited their city and they possessed his bones—at the expense of India—if of course the "India" of the Acts doesn't simply mean Persia.
• The Church of Edessa was said to have been established by Addai the disciple of Thomas and the Church of Fars by Thomas himself. ...
• 14 The Church of Seleucia was said to have been established by Aggaeus the disciple of Addai of Edessa in the second century C. ...

• He studied at Antioch (now in Turkey), probably as the pupil of Theodore, bishop of Mopsuestia. ...
• early bishop of Constantinople whose views on the nature and person of Christ led to the calling of the Council of Ephesus in 431 and to Nestorianism, one of the major Christian heresies. ...
• Syrian theologian-bishop, representative of Antioch's historico-critical school of biblical-theological interpretation, whose writings were a moderating influence on the 5th-century Christological. ...
• theologian, bishop of Ancyra, and a leading advocate of orthodoxy in the discussion of the nature and Person of Christ at the Council of Ephesus in 431. ...
• reforming bishop of Edessa and theologian who was a leading figure in the Christian church in Syria. ...

• Ephrem (or Ephren or Ephraim or Ephrain) of Edessa was a teacher, poet, orator, and defender of the Faith. ... ) Edessa, a city of Syria not far from Antioch, was a an early center for the spread of Christian teaching in the East. It is said that in 325 he accompanied his bishop, James of Nisibis, to the Council of Nicea. ...
• Ephrem retired to a cave outside Edessa, where he lived in great simplicity and devoted himself to writing. ...
• By Ephrem of Edessa, translated by John Howard Rhys, Adapted and altered by F Bland Tucker, (Episcopal) Hymnbook 1982 .

• JACOB OF EDESSA.
• JACOB OF EDESSA, who ranks with Barhebraeus as the most distinguished for scholarship among Syriac writers,3, was born at En-dbhg in the province of Antioch, probably about AD. ...
• On his return he was appointed bishop of Edessa by his friend Athanasius II. ... He was finally recalled to the bishopric of Edessa in 708, but died four months later, on the 5th of June.
• It was his latest work, and being left i~complete was finished by his friend George the bishop of the Arabs. ... The whole have been translated and expounded by Kayser, Die Canones Jacobs von Edessa (Leipzig, 1886). ... The treatise De cause omnium causarum, which was the work of a bishop of Edessa, was formerly attributed to Jacob; but the publication of the whole by Kayser i has made it clear that the treatise is of much later date. ...
• In his letter to George, bishop of Shrugh, on Svriac orthography (published by Phillips in London 2869. ...

• The king of Edessa Abgar V Ukkama, prince of the Osroene, was a leper. ...
• When Agbar's son became pagan again, the bishop of Edessa walled the "Holy Face". ...

• Bishop Brito of Trier, Germany, was a staunch opponent of the Priscillian heretics, whom he nevertheless always refused to hand over to the state for punishment because he believed that the civil powers had no authority in Church affairs (Benedictines). ...
• Saint Diuma, a Scottish priest, was sent with Saint Cedd to convert Mercia and became its first bishop. ...
• Eulogius of Edessa B (RM).
• Father Eulogius of Edessa was banished to the Thebaid for his opposition to Arianism. Upon his return from the desert after the death of Emperor Valens, he was chosen bishop of Edessa (Benedictines). ...
• Saint Geruntius succeeded Saint Eusebius as bishop of Milan in 465 (Benedictines). ...
• When Honoratus became bishop of Arles in 426, he made Hilary his secretary, and groomed him to succeed as bishop. ...
• Hilary was an energetic, devoted, and impetuous bishop, zealous in charity and zealous in asserting the rights of his episcopate. ...
• On a visitation in a disputed area, he deposed a bishop called Chelidonius because he had married a widow before ordination and, as a magistrate, had passed a death sentence. ...
• A Gaulish bishop named Projectus was on the point of death, when Hilary appointed another bishop to the see. ... Therefore, the pope censured him, forbade Hilary to appoint any more bishops, and transferred the dignity of metropolitan to the bishop of Fréjus. ...
• Perhaps Hilary's impetuous zeal arose because he was still a young man, barely thirty when he became bishop of Arles. Even as bishop, the saint lived as though he were still in the monastery, observing the regular monastic hours of prayer. ...
• In art, Saint Hilary is portrayed as secretary to the bishop with the chain of office, biretta, book and a dove at his ear. He may also be shown (1) as bishop consecrating a virgin with a dove at his ear; (2) at a council of bishops, the earth rises to enthrone him and an empty tomb is seen nearby; or (3) driving serpents or dragons from the island of Lérins (Roeder). ...
• He is believed to have survived his bishop and to have died a martyr (Benedictines). ...

• Eulogius of Edessa.
• Bishop and enemy of the Arian heresy. Born in Edessa, Eulogius was banished as a priest because of his orthodoxy and loyalty to the pope. When Emperor Valens died, he returned home and was made bishop. ...

• Certain writings (The Three Chapters ) of Theodore, Bishop of Mopsuestia .
• Ibas, Bishop of Edessa .
• His Excellency, Bishop John Elya Answers.
• View of the Post-Schism Councils: Must we Eastern Catholics consider the post-schism General Councils of the Roman Church Ecumenical like the Seven of the First Millennium? The Bishop Answers Eparchy of Newton, (Our Lady of the Annunciation in Boston, Massachusetts, United States) Click on Questions Related to the relationship between the Christian Churches R2.

• Shabbas, in the Second/Third Quarter, 1987, issue of the magazine, these "thirteen Assyrian Church Fathers came from Nisibin, Edessa and other Assyrian Christian centers during the 5th and 6th centuries A. ...
• Abibos, Bishop of Nekressi .
• Isse (Eshu), Bishop of Tsilkani .
• Joseph (Yosip), Bishop of Alaverdi .
• Her father, Zambulon, was a high ranking officer in the service of the Roman army in Cappadocia, and her mother, Shushan, was the sister of the Bishop of Jerusalem. ...
• When he was in the blessed city of Edessa, he had a divine call to select twelve disciples and go to Georgia to preach and strengthen people in their belief. ...
• Bishop Abibos went to the north, to Nekressi, and Christianized the pagans, had their shrines destroyed, enlightened them and built new churches. ...
• Bishop Joseph became Bishop of Alaverdi, in northeast Georgia, which developed into a center of Christianity in the region. ...
• The thirteen Assyrian Fathers who came from Nisibin, Edessa and other centers of the Assyrian Church of the East in the 5th-6th centuries penetrated into many inaccessible regions of Georgia, and in subsequent centuries the Church's missionaries spread Christianity to all of Asia. ...

• July 30 - Jacob Baradaeus, bishop of Edessa .

• Problems with the Bishop of Rome .
• Bishop Acacius of Constantinople and deposed Egyptian Patriarch Peter Mongos had counseled with Zeno about the law, but there had never been a case where the Emperor had taken the initiative and legislated doctrine without first seeking the affirmation of some kind of council. Bishop Felix III of Rome in 483 suspended all recognition of the Bishop of Constantinople because of Acacius' alleged complicity in this unprecedented governmental interference. ...
• In Syria Bishop Severus of Antioch led in a full-scale purge of Chacedonians between 512 and 518 with the full assistance of imperial authority. It was also at this time that the Nestorians were expelled from Edessa. ...
• Bishop Hormisdas of Rome, in 519, revoked the long-standing condemnation of the bishopric of Constantinople and thus ended the Acacian Schism. Bishop John of Rome visited Constantinople in 526 to celebrate the restored fellowship. ...
• Meanwhile, in 535 Anthemius, a Monophysite, gained election as Bishop of Constantinople. Roman Bishop Agapetus who was in Constantinople on other business in behalf of the Ostrogoths felt that Anthemius was unfit for office and deposed him. ...
• Theodosius, the Coptic Bishop of Alexandria, was deposed and exiled because of his alleged Monophysitism in 537. ... One, Theodore, he ordained in 542 as bishop of Basra in the Persian Empire. ...
• Justinian now tightened the screws by making the Patriarchal bishop of Alexandria the actual governor of Egypt complete with imperial troops under his command. ...
• Among those monks trained and ordained by the exiled Coptic Bishop Theodosius was Jacob Baradaeus who became the missionary bishop of Edessa in 542. ...
• Problems with the Bishop of Rome.
• Bishop Agapetus of Rome, who had approved Justinian's Theopascite forumla, had a short reign, 535-36. During his reign Vigilius had served as the bishop's official representative in Constantinople. When Bishop Agapetus died while visiting in Constantinople in 536, Theodora urged that Vigilius be the next Roman bishop. ...

• Babylas, bishop of Antioch and those with him (251), Hieromartyr. ...
• Baptus with Haralampos, bishop of Magnesia (202), Martyrs. ...
• Barlaam, bishop, (1942), and his brother Herman, bishop, (1937), Russian New Martyrs. ...
• Barsanuphius with bishop Onuphrius (1937), Russian New Martyr. ...
• Barsanuphius, bishop of Tver and Gurias, first archbisop of Kazan Uncovering of the relics of St. ...
• Barses and Eulogius, bishops of Edessa, and St. Protogenes, bishop of Carrhae (4th cen. ...
• Barsimaeus, bishop of Edessa (2nd cen. ...
• Barsus of Damascus, bishop, St. ...

• Nestorius patriarch of Constantinople was condemned as a heretic by Cyril, bishop of Alexandria and around 200 bishops, (including the bishop of Rome). ...
• In a rival council attended by 34 bishops Cyril, bishop of Alexandria was condemned for propagating the errors of Apollinarius. ... At this time, Rabbula bishop of Edessa was in the Antiochene party and he signed two letters denouncing Cyril, 38 . ...
• Bishop Rabbula of Edessa switched his allegiance from Antioch to Alexandria and befriended Cyril, bishop of Alexandria; The same person that he and his colleagues from Antioch had condemned at the council of Ephesus a few months before in September AD 431. ...
• All this shows that the Evangelion daMepharreshe was in use by the sees of Antioch and Edessa in AD 431. ...
• In his letter, Eznik mentions Maximianos who was bishop of Constantinople, (he died in AD 434).
• The actions of Rabbula bishop of Edessa and those of Theodoret bishop of Cyrrhus to suppress the Diatessaron and promote the four gospel format.
• Bishop Rabbula of Edessa died. ... However, Hiba was an Antiochean bishop elected by the Antiochean clergy of Edessa.
• Died Qiyore the Head of the theological school at Edessa who was probably the person who translated the works of Theodore of Mopsuestia into Syriac before 431 AD.
• Theodoret bishop of Cyrrhus wrote his 'Historia Religiosa'.
• Dioscurus became bishop of Alexandria.
• The Monophysite theology of Bishop Cyril of Alexandria was approved in a motion proposed by his successor Dioscurus. However, bishops Flavianus of Constantinople, Domnus of Antioch, Irenaeus of Tyre, Hiba of Edessa, Eusebius of Dorylaeum, Daniel of Haran, Sophronius of Tela, and Theodoret of Cyrrhus were all anathematized and deposed! The acts of this synod are preserved in Syriac, (BL. ...
• Eznik of Kolb was present at this council in his capacity as bishop of Bagrewand.
• Nonnus becomes bishop instead of Hiba who was deposed by the second council of Ephesus. ...

• Barsamya, Bishop of Edessa.
• The Martyrdom of Barsamya, Bishop of Edessa- (Martyrdom ca. ...
• Polycarp was the bishop of Smyrna (modern Izmir) in western Asia Minor. ...
• The Martyrdom of Saint Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna.
• His remarkably developed eucharistic ecclesiology, emphasizing the bishop's central role in the community, has drawn particular comment from modern writers. ...
• Saint Ignatius of Antioch was the third bishop of Antioch. ... On the way to Rome he wrote to the Christians at Ephesus, Magnesia, Tralles, Rome, Philadelphia, and Smyrna and to Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna. ...
• The first writer to call the church catholic, Ignatius described it as a society of love, presided over in love by a bishop with his presbyters and deacons, and assembled in grace, in one faith and one Jesus Christ (Eph. ...
• In his youth, Irenaeus knew Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna. Pothinus, first Bishop of Lyons, asked Irenaeus to become a presbyter at the Church of Lyons. ... Upon Irenaeus' return, he was appointed Bishop of Lyons. ...
• Around 320, Arius's beliefs were questioned by Bishop Alexander of Alexandria. ... Athanasius, successor to Bishop Alexander, also protested against Arianism. ...
• Severus, Bishop of Al-Ushmunain fl. ...

• In the Vita, Ephrem is depicted as a monk living in a cave on the mountain near Edessa. He only leaves his cave shortly before his death to supervise relief efforts in Edessa during a severe famine. Incidentally, he is said to have composed some madroshe (doctrinal hymns) and memre (verse homilies) in Syriac, to overcome the heresy of Bar Daysan (154-222), a native of Edessa. ...
• When Rome handed over Nisibis to Persia in 363, Ephrem was forced to leave the town and move some hundred miles west to Edessa where he served Abraham, the bishop of Edessa, for the last ten years of his life in the same capacity. ...
• Ephrem refers to himself as a 'herdsman'('alana), a member of the shepherd-bishop's pastoral staff. ...
• There are also references to Ephrem's ascetic life on the mountains of Edessa (based on 13 of the Vita) which talk of 'the fragrance of (Ephrem's) life of mourning' (riho d-'abiluta). There is also a madrosho (doctrinal poem in stanzaic form) on Ephrem that says he was sent to Edessa to combat the heresies of Mani, Marcion and Armianos, son of Bar Daisan. ...
• Rather, their intention was doubtless to praise the virtues of their most famous holy man, in the newly popular Byzantine idiom of asceticism in which the citizens of fifth and sixth-century Edessa were desperate to claim a place of pride for themselves and for their city. So it was that in popular piety Ephraem, the bishop's man, became St. Ephraem, the model Byzantine monk, the deacon of Edessa. ...
• , 'The Vita Tradition of Ephrem the Syrian, the Deacon of Edessa', Diakonia 22, (1988-1989), p. ...

• Bishop of Taormina .
• On this day we celebrate the Memory of Hieromartyr Pankratios the Bishop of Taormina in Sicily; Hieromartyr Cyril the Bishop of Gortyna in Crete; Martyrs Patermuthius, and Coprius of Egypt; Martyr Alexander the Soldier of Egypt; Saint Theodore the Bishop of Edessa; Venerable Patermuthius and Coprius the Ascetics of Egypt; Venerable Dionysius the Orator of Saint Anne Skete; Venerable Metrophanes the Disciple of the Venerable Dionysius; Bishop Methodios; New-Martyr Michael; Venerable Photios. ...
• Other areas were in greater need of missionaries, and to this end, Saint Peter ordained Pankratios bishop of Taormina, in distant Sicily, there to serve a predominantly Greek colony that knew little or nothing about Jesus Christ. ...
• The courageous bishop of Sicily gave his life for Christ on July 09. ...

• Profile for Bishop Greco de Edessa .
• Bishop Greco de Edessa (handle: edessasca).
• Bishop Greco, The Bishop, da Bish, Bish .

• Abraham, Bishop of Carrhae; Translation of the Relics of Martyrs Michael and his Boyar Theodore of Chernigov; Martyr George. ...
• John, Bishop of Polybotum (in Phrygia); Hieromartyr Seraphim, Bishop of Phanarion; Repose of St. ...
• Theodulus; Hieromartyr Theodore, Archbishop of Alexandria; Hieromartyr Gabriel, Bishop of Ganos and Chora; Martyr Angeles; Pachra Icon of the Mother of God. ...
• Saint Gregory, Bishop of Neo-Caesarea, Wonderworker; Our Venerable Father Nikon Wonderworker, disciple of St. ...
• Holy Apostle Philip of the Seventy, One of the Seven Deacons, Our Venerable Father Theophanes the Confessor and Author of Canons, Bishop of Nicaea, The Commemoration of the 365 Holy Fathers who gathered at the Seventh Ecumenical Council, Sister Martyrs Zinaida and Philonilla, Commemoration of the wonders from an icon of our Lord Jesus Christ, The Commemoration of the Holy Patriarchs of Constantinople Nectarius, Arsacius and Sisinius, Icon of the Mother of God Vododatelnitsi. ...
• Translation of the Image "Not-made-by-hands" of our Lord Jesus Christ, called the towel, from Edessa to Constantinople; Holy Martyr Diomedes the Physician; Ven. ...
• Holy Martyrs Proclus and Hilary; Our Venerable Father Michael Maleinos; Martyr Golinduch, in sacred Baptism named Mary; The Holy Martyrs Theodore and his son John; The Repose of the Blessed Serapion, Bishop of Vladimir; Repose of the Ven. ...
• Hieromartyr Pancratius, Bishop of Taormina; Hieromartyr Cyril, Bishop of Gortyna; St. Theodore, Bishop of Edessa; The Venerable Martyrs Patermuthius and Coprius and the Martyr Alexander the Warrior; Venerable Patermuthius and Coprius, Fourth Century Egyptian Ascetics; The Appearance of the Wonder-working Image of the Most Holy Theotokos on the Koloch River; The Cypriot Icon of the Mother of God. ...
• Holy Apostle Simon the Zealot (also called the Canaanite); Venerable Simon, Bishop of Suzdal; Venerable Isidora, the Fool for Christ; Blessed Thais; Martyr Hesychius of Antioch; Martyrs Philadelphus, Cyprian, Alphius, Onesimus, Erasmus and those; The Bratsk icon of the Mother of God. ...

• Edessa.
• Edessa is the historical name of a town in northern Mesopotamia. ...
• The name under which Edessa figures in cuneiform inscriptions is unknown; the native name was Osroe, after its purported founder (who was probably only legend), this being the Armenian form for Chosroes; it became in Syriac Ourhoï, in Armenian Ourhaï in Arabic Er Roha, commonly Orfa or Sanli Urfa, its present name. Seleucus I Nicator, when he refounded the town as a military colony, 303 BC, called it Edessa, in memory of the ancient capital of Macedon of similar name (now Vodena). ...
• On the foundation of the Kingdom of Osroene, Edessa became the capital under the Abgar dynasty. ... Following its capture and sack by Trajan, the Romans even occupied Edessa from 116 to 118, although its sympathies towards the Parthians led to Lucius Verus pillaging the city later in the second century. ...
• , IV, viii), Edessa was taken in 609 by the Persians, soon retaken by Heraclius, but lost to the Arabs in 638. The Byzantines often tried to retake Edessa, especially under Romanus Lacapenus, who obtained from the inhabitants the "Holy Mandylion", or ancient portrait of Christ, and solemnly transferred it to Constantinople, August 16, 944. ... For an account of this venerable and famous image, which was certainly at Edessa in 544, and of which there is an ancient copy in the Vatican Library, brought to the West by the Venetians in 1207, see Weisliebersdorf, Christus und Apostelbilder (Freiburg, 1902), and Dobschütz, Christusbilder (Leipzig, 1899). ...
• In 1031 Edessa was given up to the Byzantines by its Arab governor. It was retaken by the Arabs, and then successivelly held by the Greeks, the Seljuk Turks (1087), the Crusaders (1099), who established there the County of Edessa and kept the city until 1144, when it was again captured by the Turk Zengui, and most of its inhabitants were slaughtered together with the Latin archbishop. These events are known to us chiefly through the Armenian historian Matthew, who had been born at Edessa. ...
• The exact date of the introduction of Christianity into Edessa is not known. ... In fact, however, the first King of Edessa to embrace the Christian Faith was Abgar IX (c. ... , IV, xiii), but a missionary from Palestine who evangelized Mesopotamia about the middle of the second century, and became the first bishop of Edessa. ... Rabbulas, Bishop of Edessa (412-435), forbade its use. Among the illustrious disciples of the School of Edessa special mention is due to Bardesanes (154 - 222), a schoolfellow of Abgar IX, the originator of Christian religious poetry, whose teaching was continued by his son Harmonius and his disciples. ...

• To Barses, bishop of Edessa, in exile.
• To Barses, bishop of Edessa, in exile. ...
• To Barses the bishop, truly God-beloved and worthy of all reverence and honour, Basil sends greeting in the Lord. ...

• He went to Edessa where, after completing his studies in Greek and in Biblical and theological subjects, he became the rector of the Edessan school (437-459). In the controversy between the Nestorians and the Monophysites, he sided with the Nestorians who enjoyed the patronage of Ibas, bishop of Edessa. After the death of Ibas, Narsai and his Nestorians colleagues were expelled from Edessa. ... With the support of Barsauma, bishop of Nisibis, Narsai founded the Nestorian school of Nisibis. ...

• On his return he was appointed bishop of Edessa by his friend Athanasius II. ... He was finally recalled to the bishopric of Edessa in 708, but died four months later, on the 5th of June.
• It was his latest work, and being left i~complete was finished by his friend George the bishop of the Arabs. ... The whole have been translated and expounded by Kayser, Die Canones Jacobs von Edessa (Leipzig, 1886). ... The treatise De cause omnium causarum, which was the work of a bishop of Edessa, was formerly attributed to Jacob; but the publication of the whole by Kayser i has made it clear that the treatise is of much later date. ...
• In his letter to George, bishop of Shrugh, on Svriac orthography (published by Phillips in London 2869. ...
• JACOB OF SERUGH, one of the best Syriac authors, named by one of his biographers the flute of the Holy Spirit and the harp of the believing church, was born in 451 at Kurtam, a village on the Euphrates to the west of Ijarran, and was probably educated at Edessa. ... of the Syriac Grammar of Jacob of Edessa, preface; Short Hist. ...
• 1 In 519, at the age of 68, Jacob was made bishop of Batnan, another town in the district of Serugh, but only lived till November 521.
• 3 Of Jacob's prose works, which are not nearly so numerous, the most interesting are his letters, which throw light upon some of the events of his time and reveal his attachment to the Monophysite doctrine which was then struggling for supremacy in the Syrian churches, and particularly at Edessa, over the opposite teaching of Nestorius. ...
• Acknowledged as sovereign in Holland and Zeeland, Jacoba was opposed by her uncle John of Bavaria, bishop of Liege. ...

• The Bishop's Status .
• Recognition and Honor Accorded the Bishop of Rome .
• The Roman Bishop and the Barbarian Governors .
• The Bishop's Status.
• If the bishop had been married prior to being selected and his wife is still living they cannot live together. ... The Bishop was ultimately responsible for both the secular clergy and the monks in his bishopric, normally the entire "city" region. ... The canonical procedure for filling a vacant bishopric during this period saw the initiative transferred from the local clergy of the bishopric to the synod of provincial bishops under the presidency of the metropolitan bishop. ...
• As a general rule the bishop of a metropolis that is the political capitol of the Roman civil province was ranked above the bishops serving in the surrounding cities making up the ecclesiastical province. ... The Metropolitan bishop presided over a synod consisting of all the clergy of his ecclesiastical province. ...
• The autocephalus archbishop ranks at the same level as a metropolitan bishop. ... In this period vacancies at the metropolitan and autocephalus archbishop level are filled by the selection of the Patriarchal bishop from the candidates nominated by the respective synod. ...
• In the case of a vacancy in a chief metropolitan bishopric, the nominations of the diocesan synod were presented to the regional Patriarchial bishop for his action. ...
• The Council did not prescribe any ranking among them, but it was undoubtedly the consensus among all the bishops that the bishop of Rome should be honored as bishop of the Capitol city of the Empire. ... The Council of Constantinople, AD 381, reflected that same thinking when it granted to the bishop of New Rome Constantinople , the new imperial residence and capital, "the precedence in honor, next to the bishop of Rome", an action that certainly angered and offended the diocesan leadership of the Syrian and Egyptian churchs. ...
• According to the records of the Council of Nicaea the bishop of Aelia (Jerusalem's official name after 135 AD was to be honored but was still to be in the province of the metropolitan bishop of Caesarea. The Council of Chalcedon, AD 451, honored the bishop of Jerusalem with patriarchal rank over a patriarchate made up of three metropolitan provinces in Palestine. ...

• Memoirs of Edessa.
• Introductory Notice to Memoirs of Edessa and Other Syriac Documents.
• Relating to the Earliest Establishment of Christianity in Edessa and the Neighbouring Countries. ...
• A Canticle of Mar1 Jacob the Teacher on Edessa. ...
• Quadratus, Bishop of Athens. ...
• Dionysius, Bishop of Corinth.
• Maximus Bishop of Jerusalem.
• Claudius Apollinaris,1 Bishop of Hierapolis, and Apologist.
• Polycrates1 Bishop of Ephesus.
• Theophilus Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine.
• Serapion1 Bishop of Antioch.

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