The Jewish Study Bible: Tanakh Translation, Torah, Nevi'Im, Kethuvim I Am Jewish: Personal Reflections Inspired by the Last Words of Daniel Pearl Jewish Literacy: The Most Important Things to Know About the Jewish Religion, Its People and Its History The New Jewish Wedding, Revised The Blessing of a Skinned Knee: Using Jewish Teachings to Raise Self-Reliant Children The New Jewish Baby Book: Names Ceremonies Customs a Guide for Today's Families The Gifts of the Jews : How a Tribe of Desert Nomads Changed the Way Everyone Thinks and Feels Jewish Meditation : A Practical Guide The Case for Israel

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• The American Jewish Committee has been preparing for the release of The Passion of the Christ for months. ...
• National Polish American-Jewish American Council .
• Renewing the Jewish Social Contract: Bridging the Religious-Secular Divide .
• Jewish Text in Today's Context .
• What Being Jewish Means to Me .
• Talking Dollars and Sense About Jewish Education .
• 2003 American Jewish Year Book.
• The Annual Record of Jewish Civilization.
• 2002 American Jewish Year Book .
• The Annual Record of Jewish Civilization.
• Selected Speeches and Writings of an American Jewish Activist: 2000 - 2001.

• In the last 2000 years anti-Judaism, meaning antipathy towards the Jewish religion, has been expressed by many Christian leaders and laypersons; however, in many cases, the practical tolerance towards the Jewish religion and the Jewish people prevailed. ... This article begins by describing passages in the New Testament that some feel are anti-Jewish, as well as anti-Jewish statements and acts by the Church Fathers. ...
• During the past 1800 years, many Christians have had anti-Jewish attitudes. ...
• However, a number of elements of the New Testament are anti-Jewish. ... 2) the claim that the Jewish covenant with God has been superseded by a new covenant. ... 4) criticisms of Jewish parochialism or particularism. ...
• Scholars debate the historicity of the Gospels, and have offered different interpretations of the complex relationship between Jewish authorities and Christians before and following Jesus' death. ...
• The first two claims describe roles popular in first century Judea; were Jesus principally a preacher and healer, there is no reason to think he would have come into conflict with Jewish authorities. ... It is also likely that Jewish authorities would have been cautious, out of fear of Roman reprisal. At the time the Romans held the high priest responsible for keeping the peace; if the Jewish authorities did not arrest anyone liable to provoke a riot or uprising, they would risk being sent to Rome for execution or other punishment. ... However, Hebrew and Jewish texts from the pre- and post-exilic period most often use such phrases in other ways (for example, in the Hebrew Bible "son of God" is used to refer to angels, kings, and the Children of Israel generically; in post-Biblical sources the phrase is often used to describe a just man); Jesus could have used the phrases in these senses. But if, as the Gospels suggest, Jesus or his followers actually claimed that he was literally God's son, and divine, Jewish authorities would very likely have opposed him for theological reasons since such a claim would be blasphemous, were at least partly instrumental in the death of Jesus. ...
• If this were the case, and early Christians preached that Jesus was about to return, it is virtually certain that Jewish authorities would have opposed them out of fear of Roman reprisal. ...
• Another source of tension between early Christians and Jews was the question of observance of Jewish law. Early Christians were divided over this issue: Jesus' brother James believed that Christians had to be Jews and observe Jewish law, while Paul argued that Christians did not have to observe all of Jewish law, and did not have to be circumcised, which was a requirement for male Jews. Although later scholars (influenced by Martin Luther) have interpreted Paul's writings as rejecting the validity of Jewish law, recent work by historians suggest a more nuanced stance: Paul accepted the authority of the law, but understood that it excluded non-Jews. Although Gentiles could convert to Judaism and thus be included, the point remained that people could enter this covenant with God only by being Jewish. ... Some Christians continued to adhere to Jewish law, but they were few in number and typically considered heretics by the Church. ...

• 8 Repression of the Jewish Labor Bund, Soviet anti-Zionism.
• After the fall of Khazar empire in the 11th century, and the wave of pogroms in the countries of Western Europe that marked the ending centuries of Middle Ages, the main bulk of Jewish population moved to tolerant countries of Central Europe: Poland (later Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) and Hungary (later Austria-Hungary). ... Jewish societies ruled themselves, according to law set by their leaders and ancient privilages of the kings. ...
• The Soviet Union also maintained this Marxist-Leninist interpretation under Stalin despite the widely publicized hardships of Jewish intellectuals during the Great Purges. ...
• Such actions, along with extensive Jewish participation among the Bolsheviks, plagued the Communists during the Russian Civil War against the Whites with a reputation of being "a gang of marauding Jews"; Jews were a plurality ethnicity in the Communist Central Committee, which had a non-Russian majority. ...
• However, due to forced industrialization and urbanization under Stalin, large segments of the country's Jewish population also moved from small towns or villages to large cities along with non-Jews. ...
• See article Yevsektsiya on some additional aspects of Bolshevik policy with respect to Jews and Jewish organizations. ...
• Many members of the Bolshevik party were Jewish, especially in the leadership of the party. The idea of overthrowing the Tsarist regime was attractive to many members of the Jewish intelligentsia because of the oppression of non-Russian nations within the Russian Empire. ...
• The Jewish origins of leading Bolsheviks and their support for a policy of "World Revolution" - most notably in the case of Trotsky - led many enemies of Bolshevism to draw a picture of Communism as a political idea pursued to benefit Jewish interests. In Germany, the Nazi regime of Adolf Hitler used this theory to paint a picture of a supposed "Jewish-Bolshevik conspiracy". ...
• Most of the Jewish "Old Bolsheviks", along with their Gentile counterparts, were purged by Stalin during the 1930s. ...
• While there were a significant number of Jews in the Bolshevik Party the percentage of Jewish party members among the rival Mensheviks was much higher. ...
• " The years before the Holocaust were an era of rapid change for Soviet Jews, leaving behind the dreadful poverty of the Jewish Pale, the restricted area of Jewish settlement designated by Catherine the Great following the conquest of large portions of Poland (with its high Jewish population). Forty percent of the population in the former Jewish Pale left for large cities within Greater Russia. ... Several hundred thousand, despite the prospect of communist paradise and the popular vision of the Soviet Russia as ruled by Jews, joined the already numerous Jewish population of Poland. ...

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• It represents the Jewish conception of the divine nature, and of the relation of God to the Jewish people. The various Jewish names of God represent God as He is known, and represents divine attributes. ...
• 2 Jewish laws of writing divine names.
• 4 Other Jewish names of God include.
• Jewish law requires that "fences" be built around the basic laws, so that there is no chance that the main law will ever be broken. As such, it is common Jewish practice to restrict the use of the word "Adonai" to prayer only. In conversation many Jewish people will call God "HaShem", which is Hebrew for "the Name" (this was first used in Leviticus 24:11). ...
• Jewish laws of writing divine names .
• According to Jewish tradition, the sacredness of the divine names must be recognized by the professional scribe who writes the Scriptures, or the chapters for the tefillin and the mezuzah. ...
• According to Jewish tradition, the number of divine names that require the scribe's special care is seven: El, Elohim, Adonai, Yhwh, Ehyeh-Asher-Ehyeh, Shaddai, and Tzevaot. ...
• Other Jewish names of God include .

• "  This week-long celebration of Israel's 56th year of independence will feature spectacular events on the grounds of the JCC, including the seventh annual UJF Yom Ha'Atzmaut Festival, the only event that brings thousands of people from the San Diego Jewish community together for a day of joyous celebration. ...
• Discover Jewish spirituality, community and ethics. Explore Jewish customs, life cycles, holidays, and traditions. ...
• Demographic Study Reveals that San Diego County is Home to 46,000 Jewish Households.
• 89,000 Jews and 29,000 non-Jews live in 46,000 Jewish households in San Diego County, according to a study released by the United Jewish Federation of San Diego County.   This makes San Diego one of the 20 largest Jewish communities in the United States. ...
• He is seeking the Bush administration's support for his plan to dismantle the Jewish settlements in the Palestinian Gaza Strip, plus the removal of a number of settlements -- but by no means all -- in the West Bank. ...
• Searching for a synagogue to join? Interested in finding out about the various Jewish organizations in our community? Or find information on schools, seniors or youth? .
• Jewish Federation: Who We Are!.
• Welcome to the United Jewish Federation of San Diego County. We're dedicated to building a vibrant and inclusive local Jewish Community, and to enhancing the well-being of Jews in San Diego, Israel, and throughout the world. ...

• A Romanian poster promoting Jewish settlement in Palestine, 1930s. ...
• Zionism is a political movement among Jews holding that the Jewish people constitute a nation and are entitled to a national homeland. ... From 1917 it focussed on the establishment of a Jewish homeland or state in Palestine, the location of the ancient Kingdom of Israel. ...
• 1 Jewish denominations' view of Zionism.
• Zionism has always had both religious and secular aspects, reflecting the dual nature of Jewish identity, as both a religion (Judaism) and as a national or ethnic identity (Jewishness). ...
• Despite this, most religious Jews were not enthusiastic about Zionism before the 1930s, and many religious organisations opposed it outright, on the grounds that an attempt to re-establish Jewish rule in Israel by human agency is blasphemous, since only the Messiah can accomplish this. The secular, socialist language used by many pioneer Zionists was contrary to the outlook of most religious Jewish communities. ...
• Secular Jewish opinion was also ambivalent in its attitudes to Zionism. ...
• The chain of events between the 1890s and 1945, however, beginning with anti-Semitic pogroms in Russia and culminating in the Holocaust, in which perhaps a third of all Jews were killed, converted the great majority of surviving Jews to the belief that a Jewish homeland was an urgent necessity, particularly given the large population of disenfranchised Jewish refugees after World War II. Most also became convinced that Palestine was the only location that was both acceptable to all strands of Jewish thought and within the realms of practical possibility. ...
• The desire of Jews to return to their ancestral homeland became a universal Jewish theme after the destruction of Jerusalem by the Roman Empire in 70 AD, the defeat of Simeon Bar Kochba in 135, and the dispersal of the Jews to other parts of the Empire that followed. Until the rise of political Zionism, however, most Jews believed that the Jewish people would only return to Israel with the coming of the Messiah, that is, after divine intervention. ...
• Jews who had abandoned Judaism, at least in its traditional forms, began to develop a new Jewish identity, as a "nation" in the European sense. ...
• Pogroms in Russia and Russian Poland led Jewish philanthropists such as the Montefiores and the Rothschilds to sponsor agricultural settlements for Russian Jews in Palestine in the late 1870s, culminating in a small group of immigrants from Russia arriving in the country in 1882. ...
• There had also been several Jewish thinkers such as Moses Hess whose 1862 work Rome and Jerusalem; The Last National Question argued for the Jews to settle in Palestine as a a means of settling the national question. Hess proposed a socialist state in which the Jews would become agrarianised thorugh a process of "redemption of the soil" which would transform the Jewish community into a true nation in that Jews would occupy the productive layers of society rather than being an intermediary non-productive merchant class which is how he perceived European Jews. ...

• Your Everyday Bodybuilding Jewish Outfielder.
• Broadcasting to Football, Jewish Playboy Model (Un)covers All.
• Here we go again, another Jewish woman football player/centerfold.
• When people mention today's top Jewish athletes, Shawn Green, Jay Fielder, Kerri Strug, Lenny Krayzelburg, and Mathieu Schneider often come up. Those are Jewish athletes with an American connection. ...
• Goldberg as a Jewish Role Model.
• Well, nine times out of ten people consider a nice little Jewish boy the kid who grows up and sits behind a desk preparing your taxes. ...
• Jewish Athletes at the Sydney Olympics.
• Find Out Who Represented the Jewish People Down Under!.
• This year's crop of Jewish Olympians was unparalleled. ...
• Philly Loves Its Flashy Basketball Stars--Years Ago They Were Jewish.
• Memories of Jewish Ballplayers .
• November 18, 2003--Yale's 4 Jewish players played a prominent role in the Elis' hard-fought 10 point loss last night. ... Check out our updated Jews in the NCAA page to learn more about these and other Jewish hoopsters.
• Jewish Web Week .
• European Union of Jewish Students.

• The future of Palestine was contentious from the beginning of the Palestine Mandate since it had been promised as the site of a Jewish homeland (see Balfour Declaration) yet most of the population were Arabs. ...
• an Arab state, with or without a significant Jewish population .
• a Jewish state, with or without a significant Arab population .
• two states, one Jewish and one Arab, with or without some form of federation. ...
• Proposals for Arab or Jewish states in the early mandate period .
• Its report, published in July 1937, recommended the creation of a small Jewish state in a region less than 1/5 of the total area of Palestine. ... The Arab population of the Jewish areas was to be removed, by force if necessary. The Zionist leaders accepted the proposal, seeing the tiny Jewish state as the seed of a future larger state, though their support of the "transfer" aspect was carefully hidden from the public. ...
• Israel has grave concerns regarding the welfare of Jewish holy places under possible Palestinian control. ... Israeli security agencies routinely monitor and arrest Jewish extremists that plan attacks, resulting in almost no serious incidents for the last twenty years. ...
• Israel accepts the right of the Palestinian Diaspora to return into the new Palestinian state but advocate that their return into Israel should be a great danger for the stability of the Jewish state. ...
• Insistence by the Palestinians that all Jewish communities within the territories to be part of a Palestinian state be removed. ...
• According to the PLO Covenant, only those Jews that arrived in the country after 1918 would be forced to emigrate, which ranges at from around 99% (including all people born after that period) to about 50% (including only immigrants themselves) of the Jewish population. ...
• Even if Jews would not be removed in the initial shockwave, it would contradict Israel's existence as an independent Jewish state. ...
• A federation of separate Jewish and Arab areas (some Israelis and Palestinians). ...

• The Jewish Journal Of Greater Los Angeles .
• Jewish politicians easily won Tuesday’s primary election. ...
• Joel Chasnoff riffs on Jewish life for his standup. ...
• Kerry Begins Jewish Outreach Effort.
• Candidates Eye the Jewish Vote.
• Jewish history abounds in South Carolina. ...
• The Jewish Journal of Orange County is NOW available! Click here for details. ...
• © 2003 The Jewish Journal, All Rights Reserved .

• Among certain Gnostic sects Amen became the name of an angel, and in post-biblical Jewish works exaggerated statements are multiplied as to the right method and the bliss of pronouncing it. ...

• "Thank you for your information on non-Jewish Holocaust victims. ...
• The Non-Jewish Victims.
• Non-Jewish Holocaust Victims - the 5,000,000 Others.
• I learned that my uncle was shot in the head by Nazi soldiers because his family was hiding a Jewish woman. ...
• It was only after I moved to the Los Angeles area several years ago that I realized that many people were not aware that millions of victims of the Holocaust were NOT Jewish. Outside the Polish community, I heard very little mention about the five million non-Jewish victims -- usually referred to as "the others". ...
• Whenever I would say that my parents were survivors of the Holocaust, people would look at me oddly and say, "Oh, I didn't know you were Jewish?" .
• I am Jewish. I converted in 1978 after studying at the University of Judaism one year before marrying a Jewish man. ... I love the Jewish religion and I admire the Jewish community. In no way do I want to diminish the enormous magnitude of the victimization and murder of the 5,860,000 Jewish people. ... The Jewish people have done an extraordinary job of making the younger generation around the world aware of their persecution and the immense tragedy of the Holocaust. ...
• After studying carefully-documented books, and interviewing non-Jewish survivors, I found more information about the five million forgotten than I had ever imagined -- information that most people are not aware of. ...
• While there is no argument that Hitler abhorred the Jews and caused almost six million to be ruthlessly killed, often non-Jewish victims are tragically forgotten from Holocaust remembrances. ... Five million of these were non-Jewish. ...

• Talk:Christianity and Jewish prophecy.
• If moved there, perhaps we could have subsections discussing Christian views of messianic prophecies versus ancient and modern Jewish views of such prophecies. ...
• Midrash ("exploration" - Matthew is self-consciously yanking the verse from its context, to explain who Jesus is by oblique reference to a larger body of traditional (Jewish) understanding. ...
• Different Christians interpret Jewish scriptures in different ways; this article glosses over that. ...

• The section called the "Old City" is surrounded by walls and has four quarters: Jewish, Christian, Armenian, and Muslim. ...
• Later it came under Jewish control. ...
• Later, still according to the Bible, the First Jewish Temple was built in Jerusalem by King Solomon. ...
• This is also reputed to be the place where Abraham went to sacrifice his son (Isaac in the Jewish tradition, Ishmael in the Muslim one. ...
• They then proceeded to slaughter most of the city's Muslim and Jewish inhabitants. ...
• The Crusaders, at the end of the century, captured Jerusalem and massacred the whole Jewish and Muslim population. ...
• The population was divided into four major communities--Jewish, Christian, Muslim, and Armenian--and the first three of these could be further divided into countless subgroups, based on precise religious affiliation or country of origin. ...
• The first of these was a trickle of Jewish immigrants, from the Middle East and Eastern Europe, which shifted the balance of population. ... This was also an age of Christian religious revival, and many churches sent missionaries to proselytize among the Muslim and especially the Jewish populations, believing that this would speed the Second Coming of Christ. ...
• Jordan did not allow Jewish access to the Western Wall (known to non-Jews as the Wailing Wall) and Temple Mount, Judiasm's holiest sites, in the Old City. ...
• This plaza is a favored site of Jewish prayer services. ...
• Jewish Quarter .
• According to the 1947 UN Partition Plan, Jerusalem was supposed to be an international city, not part of either the proposed Jewish or Arab state. ...
• ) Most negotiations regarding the future status of Jerusalem have however been based on partition; for example, one scheme would have Israel keep the Jewish quarter and the Western Wall (the "Wailing Wall"), with the rest of the Old City and the Temple Mount being transferred to a new Palestinian state. ... Palestinians have argued for an open city, though its feasibility has been challenged in light of the past treatment of Jewish sites at the hands of the Arabs and their recent destruction of the Tomb of Joseph in Nablus and failure of international bodies, such as the League of Nations Mandatory power and the United Nations, and to prevent Arab destruction of reglious sites and the curtailment of freedom to worship at those sites. ...
• Jewish Position on Jerusalem .

• Image of Jesus Christ from Agia Sophia, Istanbul (12th century) Topics related to Jesus Christology | Teachings of Jesus | Jesus Christ as the Messiah | Resurrection of Jesus Christ | Jesus in Islam | Jewish view of Jesus | Other perspectives on Jesus | Sources about Jesus | Historicity of Jesus | Fictional portrayals of Jesus .
• 30 AD), was a Jewish religious teacher and healer who was crucified by the Roman soldiers under the Roman Empire. ...
• 6 Jewish perspectives on Jesus.
• This was moreover a volatile period in Jewish history. ... Although Jews were relatively autonomous, ruled by a Jewish high priest and tetrarch, these officials were appointed by Rome and thus had questionable legitimacy. ...
• During this time many Jews hoped that the Romans would be replaced by a Jewish king (also referred to as "the anointed," or messiah, as kings were anointed) of the line of David -- the last legitimate Jewish regime. ... They thus believed that the Romans were instruments of God, and would be replaced by a Jewish king only through divine intervention; thus, the majority of Jews accepted Roman rule. ...
• However, many of his teachings echoed the beliefs of the Qumran community (which was likely a branch of the Essenes); he may have engaged the Pharisees on matters of Jewish law (most historians believe that many of the debates between Jesus and the Pharisees found in the Gospels were added after Jesus' death, at a time when the Pharisees emerged as the dominant form of Judaism and the primary competitors with Christians as interpreters of the Bible); and his declarations that the kingdom was at hand echoed the Zealots. ...
• Historians argue that the high priest feared that Jesus' talk of an immanent restoration of an independent Jewish state would likely spark a riot. ...
• Based on inferences from Gospel accounts, Jesus was executed by crucifixion on a Friday, and on the 14th day of the Jewish month of Nisan under the administration of Pontius Pilate. ...
• The Jewish historian Josephus and the Christian historian Eusebius (who wrote in the 4th century but quoted much earlier sources now unavaliable to us) refer to James the Just as Jesus' brother. ...
• Like the Pharisees, Jesus opposed stringent interpretations of Jewish law, and preached a more flexible understanding of the law. ...
• This view receives some support in Acts of the Apostles, because Jesus' apostles were generally attacked by Sadducees but were sometimes protected by Pharisee liberal interpretations of Jewish law. ...
• He was unpopular with many Jewish religious authorities. ... Historians currently suggest that whether Jesus claimed to be a political rebel or not, Jewish authorities would very likely have feared that his activities would provoke a riot in Jerusalem -- something Roman authorities absolutely forbade. ...
• At some point later, he was betrayed to the Jewish religious authorities of the city - either the full council (Sanhedrin) or perhaps just the High Priest - by one of his apostles, Judas Iscariot. ... The Romans ruled the city through the High Priest and Sanhedrin, so often the Jewish authorities of the city had to arrest people in order to obey Roman orders to maintain the peace. ...

• Excerpts from a symposium on Jewish reaction to the Mel Gibson movie.
• ORG's glossary of basic Jewish terms and practices and enhance your knowledge!.
• ORG - Your Gateway to the Jewish Internet.

• RK 00:55, Oct 19, 2003 (UTC) Shalom RK, I think it is very valuable and relevant to the article to tie to that etymology an explanation of why Abraham and Isaac & other patriarchs are considered Jewish (which also explains how a person can be a Jew without being very religious). ...
• Some Jews (Hebrews) are more Jewish (Judaic) than others in their religious beliefs but that does not divide us we are all Jews (Hebrews) regardless. ...
• An encyclopaedia should explain the Jewish question simply. ...
• Being Jewish is a question of belonging to the Hebrew nation. ... When someone asks me why I don't eat pork I say because I am Jewish, but if they take it to mean I am talking about my religion, they are making their own conclusions. ...
• This seems to imply that the legal definition is traditional Jewish law + law of return but it sort of leaves the reader guessing. Also the preceding sections indicate that there are people who consider themselves Jewish according to various definitions. ...
• I have moved this new paragraph here, just for clarification: and it is ironic that the traditional & modern legal Jewish authorities consider Jewishness as Hebrew ethnicity which can be adopted by anyone willing to adopt as a way of life a conservative form of the Judaic religion or naturalisation process at the very least while other types of religious Jew are not considered Jewish. ...
• What do you mean by "conservative form of the Jewish religion". And what other forms of the Jewish religion do you believe exists? Are you using the word "conservative" as a euphemisim for "ultra-Orthodox"? RK 01:38, Dec 16, 2003 (UTC) .
• For them, living by Jewish law and custom is totally a matter of personal autonomy, and any or all parts of it can be disposed of. ...
• There is no such thing as traditional Jewish law and current Jewish law. There is only one Jewish law. ... Any Jewish law that is not based on traditional Jewish law, is thus not Jewish, it is something else. If there are disagreements as to how Jewish law should be interpreted, those must be dealt with, but then they are disagreements within Jewish law. Discussing the truth of Jewish law does not belong in this article. This is an article about who is Jewish, not whether Judaism exists. ...

• jewish coalition.
• For monthly highlights, enjoy our monthly eNewsletter by clicking here ---> Exhibit at Center for Jewish History Launches Fundraiser for Czech Holocaust Survivors .

• He is seeking the Bush administration's support for his plan to dismantle the Jewish settlements in the Palestinian Gaza Strip, plus the removal of a number of settlements -- but by no means all -- in the West Bank. ...
• Jewish Reflections from the Front: A Seder in Iraq.
• In the spirit of groups like Band-Aid and USA for Africa, which raised millions of dollars for victims of famine in Ethiopia in the mid 1980's, a group of fifty A-list musicians in the Jewish music world have created an incredible music cd to benefit the victims of terror in Israel. ...
• While Allied Jewish Federation of Colorado does not have an official opinion about the movie, we hope and encourage families to research and learn about Jewish history. ...
• * Please be advised that the opinions and information expressed by these various organizations and authors are not necessarily those of Allied Jewish Federation of Colorado. ...
• In an innovative pilot program launching for the 2004-2005 school year, Denver Academy of Torah (DAT) will offer a substantial “First Families” grant to families whose children have never attended a Jewish day school. ...
• Want to receive Federation Focus, the monthly e-newsletter of the Allied Jewish Federation of Colorado? Just send an email to webmanager@jewishcolorado. ...
• This site is made possible through a generous grant from Rose Community Foundation in partnership with the Allied Jewish Federation of Colorado. ...

• He is seeking the Bush administration's support for his plan to dismantle the Jewish settlements in the Palestinian Gaza Strip, plus the removal of a number of settlements -- but by no means all -- in the West Bank. ...
• The Minneapolis Jewish Federation is seeking nominations for community awards presented at its 74th Annual Meeting in August. ...
• The Jewish communities of Minneapolis and St. ...
• The Jewish Holidays .
• Jewish Holidays Calendar.
• Connect to your interactive Community Calendar: Search for Jewish activities and volunteer opportunities, sign up for e-mail event reminders, RSVP and invite friends. ...
• The Minneapolis Jewish Federation and United Jewish Fund and Council of St. Paul build community, care for the welfare of Jews everywhere and maximize participation in Jewish life. We accomplish this by planning, developing and allocating financial aid and human resources in partnership with Jewish institutions, locally and overseas. ...
• Click here for information on contacting the Minneapolis Jewish Federation and United Jewish Fund & Council of St. ...
• Are you new to the Twin Cities Jewish community, or do you know someone who is?  We welcome you and hope that you will take an active part in community life. ...

• During this period Poland became the home to Europe's largest Jewish population, as royal edicts guaranteeing Jewish safety and religious freedom from the 13th century contrasted with bouts of persecution in western Europe, especially following the Black Death of 1348-1349, blamed by some in the West on Jews themselves. Much of Poland suffered relatively little from the outbreak, while Jewish immigration brought valuable manpower and skills for the rising state. The greatest increase in Jewish numbers occurred in the 18th century, when Jews came to make up 7% of the population. ...
• About 3 million Jews (all but about 300,000-500,000 of the Jewish population) died of starvation in ghettos and labor camps or were killed in extermination camps of Oswiecim (Auschwitz II), Treblinka, Majdanek, Belzec, Sobibór, Chelmno. ...
• In 1968, the trend reversed when student demonstrations were suppressed and an "anti-Zionist" campaign initially directed against Gomulka supporters within the party eventually led to the emigration of much of Poland's remaining Jewish population. ...

• It is composed of two parts--the old walled town towards, the Euripus, called the Castro, where the Jewish and Turkish families who have remained there mostly dwell; and the more modern suburb that lies outside it, which is chiefly occupied by the Greeks. ...

• True Jewish Heroes.
• The Jewish Defense League is the most controversial, yet the most effective, of all Jewish organizations. ...
• Find out who's voting against the Jewish state.
• "Jewish Defense League" and the "Fist & Star" logo are registered trademarks of the Jewish Defense League. Unless otherwise noted, all materials on this site are ©1996-2004 Jewish Defense League. ...

• Sephardic Genealogy / Jewish Genealogy.
• This site is a research tool for Sephardic and Jewish genealogy. ...
• When the Roman Legions overran the Jewish nation, much of the Jewish population was sent into exile throughout the Roman Empire. ...   The Jewish nation in Iberia, numbering approximately 750,000 in the year 1492, were banished from Spain by royal decree of Ferdinand and Isabella. (Ferdinand's grandmother was Jewish. ... Some of the Jewish population converted in name only, other converted by choice. All of the Jews, whether those who left the country with their Jewish religious beliefs intact, and those that were converted are described as being SEPHARDIM or being of SEPHARDIC heritage. ... Many Hispanics today practice Jewish customs without knowing the source. ...
• Not all individuals bearing these names may be SEPHARDIM, or of SEPHARDIC origin, nor are they necessarily Jewish or secret Jews. The authors of references from which names were extracted have identified the names as Jewish at one time. No inference is made that Hispanics carrying the names found below are Jewish. We have added a DNA capability to explore the ethnic origin of Anusim/Sephardic/Jewish names. ...
•   Most anyone appearing before the inquisition was a converso because the inquisition, by definition, had no power over the Jewish population. ...
• (3) From the burial register of Bethahaim Velho Cemetery, Published by the Jewish Historical Society of England. ...
•   This book is a fine reference for those interested in learning Jewish genealogy research. ...
• (11) List of (mostly) Sephardic brides from the publication, "List of 7300 Names of Jewish Brides and Grooms who married in Izmir Between the Years 1883-1901 & 1918-1933. ...

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